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EC number: 203-453-4 | CAS number: 107-02-8
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The 4-h LC50 for the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster, which is the only invertebrate tested, exceeded 4606 mg/litre following exposure to an aqueous solution of acrolein on a petri dish. A review of the original literature cited in the WHO-reports shows that the 4h-LC50 values are in the range of 82.17 to 406.03 mg/litre, depending on the strain and the gender of the animals.
The 24h-LC50 in a fumigation test were in the range of 1.87 to 6.7 mg/L for Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Trilobium castaneum, Sitophilus oryzae, and Rhyzopertha dominica. The animals were also fumigated in presence of wheat, the resulting 24h-LC50s were in the range of 11.9 to 30.2 mg/L. Within 8 weeks after fumigation no adults of S. oryzae and R. dominica emerged from wheat containing eggs, larvae and pupae of S. oryzae and R. dominica after fumigation for 24h with 80 mg/L. As no information is available about the concentration of fumigated acrolein in the air (effect values are expressed as test concentrations dropped on the blotting paper strips inserted in the test containers) these results are used for supportive information.
The effects of acrolein on various crops grown on soil irrigated by acrolein treated water were investigated. The concentrations varied between 15 and 50 mg/l of supply water. NOEC for bean, clover, corn and millet was 50 mg/l. The LOEC for cucumbers and tomatoes was 40 mg/l, slight damage to foliage was observed. The NOEC for vegetable seedlings in contact was 25 mg/l, the lowest concentration used.
The effect of acrolein in air to the inhibition of pollen germination as a reflector of reproductive capacity of a plant species was assessed with lily pollen. The 1 hour EC10 (assumed to be equal to a NOEC) was found to be 0.9 mg/m3. Having previously observed that exposure to acrolein at 1.1 mg/m3 for 6 hours caused acute foliar injury to lily, the authors concluded that lily pollen was as sensitive as foliage to acrolein treatment.
Exposure of acrolein in a fumigation chamber at 0.2 mg/m3 for 9 hours caused symptoms on alfalfa (the most sensitive species in the test) resembling natural smog damage.
Fumigation of seeds of wheat with acrolein with 50 mg/L for 24 h in closed glass jar resulted in significantly decreased the germination potential and reduced plumule length in comparison with unfumigated seed. Results from vigour test after 4 days were unchanged after 8 days (total germination test). As no information is available about the concentration of fumigated acrolein in the air (effect values are expressed as test concentrations dropped on the blotting paper strips inserted in the test containers) these results are used for supportive information.
In a study with the yeast Cryptococcus neoformans, 30 and 95% mortality was observed after 2 hours of acrolein incubation at 0.56 and 5.6 mg/l, respectively. After exposure of the fungus Verticillium dahliae to acrolein concentrations of 5.6 (4 hours) and 28 mg/l (2 hours), no colony forming units could be found as opposite to controls.
In chickens (Gallus sp.), there was tracheal damage observed after inhalative exposure at concentrations of 113–454 mg acrolein/m3 for up to 27 days. As only a short abstract is available the results of this test will only be used as supportive information.
With oral exposure to acrolein, the LD50for mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) is 9.1 mg/kg body weight, and treatment levels as low as 3.3 mg/kg body weight produce signs of intoxication, such as regurgitation, ataxia, imbalance, and withdrawal.
Summary:
Contact
4-h LC50 = 82.17-406.03 mg/l for Drosophila melanogaster
via air:
24h-LC50 = 1.87 to 6.7 mg/L (in 1.1L vessel) arthropodes adult stage
24h LC100 = 80 mg/L (in 1.1L vessel) arthropodes eggs and juvenile stages
1h EC10 = 0.9 mg/m3 for lily pollen
9h LOEC = 0.2 mg/m3 for alfalfa
24h LOEC = 50 mg/L (in 1.1L vessel) wheat seed
27d LOEC = 113–454 mg/m3 for chicken
LD50 = 9.1 mg/kg bw for mallard duck
irrigation:
NOEC = 50 mg/L for bean
NOEC 25 mg/l for vegetable seedlings
LOEC = 40 mg/l for cucumbers and tomatoes
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