Naphthenic acids, nickel salts

Repeated dose toxicity: other routes

Administrative data

Endpoint:

sub-chronic toxicity: other route

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

disregarded due to major methodological deficiencies

Reliability:

3 (not reliable)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Unsuitable test system (One dose or multiple doses with cafeic acid tested via I.P. injection).

Cross-reference

Cross-reference 1

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Cross-reference 2

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to other study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Efficacy of caffeic acid in preventing nickel induced oxidative damage in liver of rats

Author:

Pari, L. and A. Prasath.

Year:

2008

Bibliographic source:

Chemico-Biological Interactions. 173:77–83

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Guideline:

other: Not reported

GLP compliance:

yes

Limit test:

no

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Nickel sulfate

IUPAC Name:

Nickel sulfate

Constituent 2

Reference substance name:

Nickel sulphate

EC Number:

232-104-9

EC Name:

Nickel sulphate

Cas Number:

7786-81-4

Molecular formula:

NiSO4

IUPAC Name:

nickel(2+) sulfate

Constituent 3

Reference substance name:

Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA)

IUPAC Name:

Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA)

Test animals

Species:

rat

Strain:

Wistar

Sex:

male

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

Adult male albino rats of Wistar strain (150–170 g)were used for the experiment. The animals were housed in plastic
cages and maintained in 12-h light/12-h dark cycle, 50% humidity and 25±3 ◦C. The animals had free access to
standard pellet diet (M/S. Pranav Agro Industries Ltd., Bangalore, India) and water ad libitum.

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:

intraperitoneal

Vehicle:

other: Isotonic saline

Details on exposure:

Group 1: control rats treated intraperitoneally with isotonic saline for 20 days.
Group 2: control rats received Caffeic Acid (CA) (60 mg/kg body weight) in aqueous solution daily using intragastric tube for 20 days.
Group 3: rats received Ni as nickel sulfate (20 mg/kg body weight) intraperitoneally in isotonic saline for 20 days.
Group 4–6: rats received Ni intraperitoneally (20 mg/kg/body weight) with oral administration of CA (15, 30 and 60 mg/kg/body weight) in
aqueous solution for 20 days.

Duration of treatment / exposure:

20 days

Frequency of treatment:

Daily

Doses / concentrations

Remarks:

Doses / Concentrations:
20 mg/kg body weight

No. of animals per sex per dose:

6

Control animals:

yes, concurrent vehicle

Examinations

Statistics:

Data were analysed by one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT)
Results were presented as mean±S.D. p-Values < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant.

Results and discussion

Results of examinations

Details on results:

Ni induced liver damage was clearly shown by the increased activities of serum hepatic enzymes namely aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine
transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) along with increased elevation of lipid peroxidation indices (thiobarbituric reactive acid substances (TBARS) and lipid hydroperoxides).

The toxic effect of Ni was also indicated by significantly decreased levels of enzymatic (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT)
glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST)) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (glutathione (GSH), vitamin C and vitamin E).

Target system / organ toxicity

Critical effects observed:

not specified

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Executive summary:

STUDY RATED BY AN INDEPENDENT REVIEWER.