2-Thiophenecarboxylic acid, 5-chloro-

Short-term toxicity to fish

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

4 May - 30 May 2007

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method C.1 (Acute Toxicity for Fish)

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Remarks:

HPLC-UV/VIS

Details on sampling:

- Sampling method: Aliquots of the samples from the biological test were directly analysed by HPLC and UV/VIS-detection (range of the injection volume: 1-100 µL, depending on the expected concentration).
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Routinely, the samples are analysed immediately. Only in exceptional cases, they are stored overnight deeply frozen and protected from light.

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: To produce the test concentration, 501.3 mg of the test substance were added to 5 L of dilution water, treated for 1 hour in an ultrasonic bath and afterwards stirred for 24 hour on a magnetic stirrer.
- Controls: 1 control
- Test concentration separation factor: 2

Test organisms (species):

Danio rerio (previous name: Brachydanio rerio)

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Zebra fish
- Source: Aqua KlöGer (Germany)
- Length at study initiation: 3.2 cm (standard deviation = 0.22 cm)
- Method of breeding: Well-established stock
- Maintenance of the brood fish: Test conditions have been established in the brood.

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: Stock held since 2007-02-13 and acclimatized to the test conditions since then.
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): Same as test
- Type and amount of food during acclimation: Commercial fish food
- Feeding frequency during acclimation: Fed daily
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): Mortality < 5%

FEEDING DURING TEST
- Discontinued 24 h prior to test, no feeding during exposure

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Hardness:

13.8 °dH (= 246 mg/L CaCO3)

Test temperature:

22.1 to 23.1 °C

pH:

7.0 to 8.0

Dissolved oxygen:

> 5 mg/L (7.9 to 8.4 mg/L)

Nominal and measured concentrations:

100 mg/L (nominal concentration)

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: glass aquaria holding 5 L of test media
- Aeration: gentle aeration via narrow glass tubes
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): none
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10 animals per concentration
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 1 vessel
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 1 vessel
- Biomass loading rate: 0.47 g/L (wet weight)

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Reconstituted water prepared according to the recommendations of ISO 7346. This freshly prepared standard dilution water is used for both, the maintenance of the test animals and the preparation of stock and test solutions of the test substance.
- Culture medium different from test medium: No

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: No
- Photoperiod: 16 h light, 8 h dark

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED
- Mortality: observed at 2, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours.
- Sub-lethal effects: subjective assessments were made on the type and incidence of sub-lethal effects compared with control fish at 2, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours.

TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 2

Reference substance (positive control):

not required

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

> 100 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Details on results:

- Other adverse effects control: 0%

Sublethal observations / clinical signs:

Chemical analysis of the test substance

Chemical analysis	2 h	24 h	48 h	72 h	96 h
HPLC replicates [mg/L]	97.923/ 97.421	-	-	-	97.115/ 95.625
HPLC mean values [mg/L]	97.672	-	-	-	96.370

Chemical analysis of the control 

Chemical analysis	2 h	24 h	48 h	72 h	96 h
HPLC replicates [mg/L]	<0.013/ <0.013	-	-	-	<0.013/ <0.013
HPLC mean values [mg/L]	<0.013	-	-	-	<0.013

Validity criteria for the measurement of the fish toxicity

Target condition according to guideline:	Actual condition according to the study:	Validity criteria met:
In the control(s) (dilution water control, solvent control), the mortality should not exceed 10% (or one fish, if fewer than 10 control fish are tested) at the end of the exposure.	Mortality of control: 0 fish died	Yes
The dissolved oxygen concentration should be >/= 60% of the air saturation value in all test vessels throughout the exposure period.	The oxygen saturation was measured in a 24 hour interval and ranged between 92% to 97%.	Yes
The concentration of the test item shall be maintained to within 80% of the initial concentration throughout the study. The maintenance of concentration is proved by analytical measurements	Recovery rates correspond to 97.7% of nominal value at 0 hours and to 96.4% of nominal value at 96 hours.	Yes
Temperature: the water temperature should not differ by more than 2°C	During the test a temperature range of 22.1 to 23.1 °C was maintained in the test vessels.	Yes
The pH should not vary by more than one unit	During the test, the measured pH values in the test vessels were in the range of 7.0 to 8.0.	Yes
A limit test may be performed at 100 mg/L of the test substance in order to demonstrate that the EC50 is greater than this concentration. The limit test should be performed using at least 7 fish, with the same number in the control. If any mortalities occur, a full study should be conducted.	Within the test, 10 fish were used for the test concentration (100 mg/L) and 10 for the control, no mortalities occured.	Yes

 

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Remarks:

See 'Any other information on results incl. tables'.

Conclusions:

No toxic effects of the test substance against fish at 100 mg/L (nominal concentration) were observed; LC50 (96h) >100 mg/L (nominal concentration).

Executive summary:

The study was performed to assess the acute toxicity of the test substance to zebra fish (Danio rerio) under static conditions. The study was conducted in accordance with 92/69/EEC Part C, method 1 'Acute toxicity for Fish' which is in most parts equivalent to the OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals No. 203 'Fish, Acute Toxicity Test'. Groups of ten fish of the recommended size were exposed to a limit test concentration of nominally 100 mg/L of the test substance dissolved in water. Auxiliaries used to prepare the test media were ultrasonic bath and a magnetic stirrer. Observations were made on the number of dead fish and evidence of sub-lethal effects after 2, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours of exposure. The following values were determined: LC50>100 mg/L nominal concentration (2, 24, 48, 72, 96 h). Recovery rates correspond to 97.7% of nominal value at 0 hours and to 96.4% of nominal value at 96 hours. No toxic effects against fish at 100 mg/L were observed.

Description of key information

A study was performed to assess the acute toxicity of the test substance to zebra fish (Danio rerio) under static conditions. The study was conducted in accordance with 92/69/EEC Part C, method 1 'Acute toxicity for Fish' which is in most parts equivalent to the OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals No. 203 'Fish, Acute Toxicity Test'. Groups of ten fish of the recommended size were exposed to a limit test concentration of nominally 100 mg/L of the test substance dissolved in water. Auxiliaries used to prepare the test media were ultrasonic bath and a magnetic stirrer. Observations were made on the number of dead fish and evidence of sub-lethal effects after 2, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours of exposure. The following values were determined: LC50>100 mg/L nominal concentration (2, 24, 48, 72, 96 h). Recovery rates correspond to 97.7% of nominal value at 0 hours and to 96.4% of nominal value at 96 hours. No toxic effects against fish at 100 mg/L were observed.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water fish

Fresh water fish

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect concentration:

> 100 mg/L