4',5'-dibromo-3',6'-dihydroxyspiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthene]-3-one

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Skin Irritation:

The skin irritation potential of 4',5'-dibromo-3',6'-dihydroxyspiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthene]-3-one was estimated using OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.4

The substance,4',5'-dibromo-3',6'-dihydroxyspiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthene]-3-one was estimated to be not irritating to rabbit skin.

Eye Irritation:

The eye irritation potential of4',5'-dibromo-3',6'-dihydroxyspiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthene]-3-one was estimated using OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.4

The substance,4',5'-dibromo-3',6'-dihydroxyspiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthene]-3-onewas estimated to be not irritating to rabbit eyes.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Skin irritation / corrosion

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

skin irritation: in vitro / ex vivo

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

December 04, 2017 to March 13, 2018

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Justification for type of information:

Data is from experimental study report

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 439 (In Vitro Skin Irritation: Reconstructed Human Epidermis Test Method)

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The purpose of this study is to provide classification of dermal irritation potential of a chemical by using a three-dimensional human epidermis model, according to the OECD Test Guideline No. 439, “In Vitro Skin Irritation: Reconstructed Human Epidermis Test Method”.

GLP compliance:

yes

Specific details on test material used for the study:

IUPAC name : 4',5'-dibromo-3',6'-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[2-benzofuran-1,9'-xanthene]-3-oneMolecular weight : 490.102 g/molMolecular formula: C20H10Br2O5Physical property: Orange powder substance type: organicInChI:1S/C20H10Br2O5/c21-15-13(23)7-5-11-17(15)26-18-12(6-8-14(24)16(18)22)20(11)10-4-2-1-3-9(10)19(25)27-20/h1-8,23-24HSmiles:C12(c3c(Oc4c1ccc(c4Br)O)c(c(O)cc3)Br)c1c(cccc1)C(O2)=O- Source and lot/batch No.of test material:OC05/19,AV0342- Expiration date of the lot/batch: - Purity:92.30RADIOLABELLING INFORMATION (Not applicable)- Radiochemical purity: N/A- Specific activity: N/A- Locations of the label: N/A- Expiration date of radiochemical substance: N/ASTABILITY AND STORAGE CONDITIONS OF TEST MATERIAL- Storage condition of test material: Room temperature or Fridge storage- Stability under test conditions: No data available- Solubility and stability of the test substance in the solvent/vehicle: No data available- Reactivity of the test substance with the solvent/vehicle of the cell culture medium: No data availableTREATMENT OF TEST MATERIAL PRIOR TO TESTING- Treatment of test material prior to testing: Test articles is tested as provided (neat).- Preliminary purification step (if any): No data available- Final dilution of a dissolved solid, stock liquid or gel: No data available- Final preparation of a solid: No data availableFORM AS APPLIED IN THE TEST: SolidOTHER SPECIFICS: No data available

Test system:

human skin model

Remarks:

MatTek EpiDerm™ Tissue Model

Source species:

human

Cell type:

non-transformed keratinocytes

Cell source:

other: EpiDerm™ 3-dimensional human tissues used in this study

Source strain:

other: Not applicable

Details on animal used as source of test system:

EpiDerm™ tissues, Lot No. 27646 Kits I and J, were received from MatTek on 12 Dec 2017, and Lot No. 27654 Kits O and P, were received from MatTek on 19 Dec 2017. All tissues were refrigerated at 2-8°C upon receipt. Before use, the tissues were incubated (37±1°C, 5±1% CO2) with assay medium (MatTek) for a one-hour equilibration. The tissues were then moved to new wells with fresh medium for an additional overnight equilibrium, for 18±3 hours. Equilibration medium was replaced with fresh medium before dosing.

Justification for test system used:

The EpiDerm™ Skin Model closely parallels human skin, thus providing a useful in vitro means to assess dermal irritancy and toxicology

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Details on test system:

EpiDerm™ Tissue SamplesEpiDerm™ tissues, Lot No. 27646 Kits I and J, were received from MatTek on 12 Dec 2017, and Lot No. 27654 Kits O and P, were received from MatTek on 19 Dec 2017 All tissues were refrigerated at 2-8°C upon receipt. Before use, the tissues were incubated (37±1°C, 5±1% CO2) with assay medium (MatTek) for a one-hour equilibration. The tissues were then moved to new wells with fresh medium for an additional overnight equilibrium, for 18±3 hours. Equilibration medium was replaced with fresh medium before dosing.Mesh CompatibilityFive of the test articles supplied were liquids. These test articles were assessed for compatibility with pre-cut nylon mesh supplied with the tissues. The mesh was placed on a slide and 30 μl of a liquid test articles or PBS (negative control) were applied. After 60 minutes of exposure, the mesh was checked microscopically. If no damage or other interaction was observed, indicating that the mesh was compatible with the test article, the mesh was used as a spreading aid.Tissue Viability (MTT Reduction)At the end of the incubation period, each EpiDerm™ tissue was rinsed with PBS and transferred to a 24-well plate containing 300 μl of MTT solution (1 mg/ml MTT in DMEM). The tissues were then returned to the incubator for a three-hour MTT incubation period. Following the MTT incubation period, each EpiDerm™ tissue was rinsed with PBS and then treated with 2.0 ml of extractant solution (isopropanol) per well for at least two hours, with shaking, at room temperature. Two aliquots of the extracted MTT formazan were measured at 540 nm using a plate reader (μQuant Plate Reader, Bio-Tek Instruments, Winooski, VT).For several tissues, the test article had stained the tissues. Therefore, the tissues were extracted with only 1.0 ml, allowing extraction to occur only through the bottom of the insert. After the extraction period, the tissue insert was removed and discarded and 1.0 ml of extraction solution were added to each well, bringing the volume to a total of 2.0 ml.Quality ControlsThe assay meets the acceptance criteria if the mean OD540 of the negative control tissues is between 1.0 and 2.5, inclusive, and the mean viability of positive control tissues, expressed as percentage of the negative control tissues, is at least 20%. In addition, the standard deviation (SD) calculated from individual percent tissue viabilities of the three identically-treated replicates must be less than 18%.Note: Chemicals that provide tissue viabilities in a range of 30% to 70% may provide high SD. If the high SD (above acceptance limits) is typical for the chemical and the classification of the chemical is consistent in all independent runs, MatTek recommends that this result be accepted, although it did not meet the Assay Acceptance Criterion.Analysis of DataSee Table 1 for Experimental Data. The mean absorbance value for each time point was calculated from the optical density (OD) of the duplicate samples and expressed as percent viability for each sample using the following formula:% viability = 100 X (OD sample/OD negative control)Skin Irritation PredictionAccording to the EU1,2 and GHS3 classification (R38 / Category 2 or no label), an irritant is predicted if the mean relative tissue viability of three individual tissues exposed to the test substance is 50% or less of the mean viability of the negative controls.In vitro result In vivo ClassificationMean tissue viability ≤ 50% Category 2Mean tissue viability > 50% Non-irritant (NI)Assessment of direct MTT reduction and assessment of coloring or staining materials was not performed. Therefore, it cannot be fully assessed if the test articles interfered with MTT viability measurements.Retention of DataUpon signing the final report, all raw data, supporting documentation and reports are submitted to the Archivist by the Study Director. The raw data are filed at MB Research by project number. The final report is filed at MB Research by Sponsor name and MB project number.All data generated during the conduct of this study will be archived at MB Research for at least one year from the date of the final report and optionally longer at additional cost. The Sponsor will be contacted in writing to determine final disposition of the records.Any remaining test article will be discarded upon submission of the report.Amendment to the ProtocolThere were no amendments to the protocol. See Appendix C for the protocol in its entiretyEvaluation of Test Article in the Cell Models:1. Cell system: Upon receipt, the MatTek EpiDerm™ tissue cultures were placed in 0.9 mL of fresh Maintenance medium (in a 6-well plate). The culture inserts are incubated for ~one hour. The tissues were then transferred to 6-well plates containing 0.9 mL fresh Maintenance medium and they were incubated overnight at ~37°C, 5% CO2 in a humidified incubator.2. Control and Test Article Exposures: On the day of dosing, the tissues are then removed from the incubator and the controls and the test article are applied topically to tissues by pipette. Tissues were exposed to controls and the test articles for one hour, with ~35 minutes in a 37°C, 5% CO2 humidified incubator and the remaining 25 minutes at room temperature.a) Controls30 µL of negative control DPBS, positive control 5% SDS was applied topically to the tissue and gently spread by placing a nylon mesh on the apical surface of each tissue, if necessary.b)Test ArticleFor solid test article, the tissues were moistened with 25 μL of ultrapure water to improve contact of the tissue surface with the test article. Approximately 25 mg of each test article was evenly applied to the apical surface of each tissue (n=3). All the tissues were placed into the ~37°C incubator with 5% CO2. The exposure times were approximately 1 hour, with ~35 minutes exposure in the incubator and ~25 minutes at room temperature. 3.Post-exposure treatmentAfter the 1 hour exposure, the tissues were rinsed 20 to 25 times with 1 mL of DPBS. The apical surface was gently blotted with a cotton swab. The tissues were placed in 0.9 mL of fresh Maintenance medium (6-well plate) for either 25 hours, 38 minutes and 23 seconds or for 24 hours, 10 minutes and 09 seconds (as there were numerous tissues, they had to be broken down into 2 sets to complete dosing in a timely manner). After this initial ~24 hour incubation, the tissues were placed in 6-well plates containing 0.9 mL fresh Maintenance medium and incubated for another 17 hours, 03 minutes and 34 seconds prior to performing the MTT assay, for a total of an approximately 42 hour post-exposure incubation.RECONSTRUCTED HUMAN EPIDERMIS (RHE) TISSUE- Model used: The EpiDerm™ 3 dimensional human tissue model- Tissue Lot number(s): 26459- Date of initiation of testing: 6/08/2017TEMPERATURE USED FOR TEST SYSTEM- Temperature used during treatment / exposure: 37°C- Temperature of post-treatment incubation (if applicable): 37°CREMOVAL OF TEST MATERIAL AND CONTROLS-Volume and number of washing steps: TwiceMTT DYE USED TO MEASURE TISSUE VIABILITY AFTER TREATMENT / EXPOSURE- MTT concentration: 300 µL MTT medium (1.0 mg/mL).- Incubation time: After 2 hours, 57 minute and 25 second MTT incubation- Spectrophotometer: Synergy H4 spectrophotometer - Wavelength: 570 nm- Filter: No data- Filter bandwidth: No data- Linear OD range of spectrophotometer: No dataNUMBER OF REPLICATE TISSUES: 3CALCULATIONS and STATISTICAL METHODSAll data were background subtracted before analysis. MTT data are presented as % viable compared to negative control. Data were generated as follows: MTT AssayBlanks:·        The optical density (OD) mean from all replicates for each plate (ODblank). Negative Controls (NC):Identity: Phosphate-Buffered Saline (PBS), Lot No. AC10239794Provided by:MatTekDate Received:12 Dec 2017 and 19 Dec 2017Expiration Date:18 Jul 2018Storage:Room temperature and humidityDescription:Clear colorless liquidSample Preparation:Used as receivedPositive Control (PC):Identity: 5% Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS), Lot No. 071817MABProvided by:MatTekDate Received:12 Dec 2017 and 19 Dec 2017Expiration Date:18 Jul 2018Storage:Room temperature and humidityDescription:Clear colorless liquidSample Preparation:Used as received- Assay quality controls- Negative Controls (NC)The Dulbecco’s phosphate buffered saline (DPBS) was used as a NC. The assay passed all acceptance criteria if the ODs of the negative control exposed tissues were between ≥0.8 and ≤2.8.  - Positive Controls (PC)5% solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate was used as a PC. The assay is meeting the acceptance criteria if the viability of the PC is ≤20% of the negative control.   - Standard Deviation (SD)The standard deviation (SD) calculated from individual percent tissue viabilities of the test article exposed replicates was ≤18.

Control samples:

yes, concurrent negative control

yes, concurrent positive control

Amount/concentration applied:

TEST MATERIAL- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 25 mg - Concentration (if solution): neat (undiluted)VEHICLE (Not used)- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): none- Concentration (if solution): none- Lot/batch no. (if required): none- Purity: noneNEGATIVE CONTROL- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight): 30 µL- Concentration (if solution): neatPOSITIVE CONTROL- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight): 30 µL- Concentration (if solution): 5% solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate

Duration of treatment / exposure:

Tissues will be topically exposed to the test article and control articles for 60 minutes.

Duration of post-treatment incubation (if applicable):

After dosing, the tissues will be returned to the incubator for 35 ±1 minute, and then returned to the sterile hood for the remainder of the 60-minute exposure period.

Number of replicates:

All treatments with test articles and controls will be dosed in triplicate EpiDerm™ tissues.

Irritation / corrosion parameter:

% tissue viability

Run / experiment:

Run 1

Value:

81

Vehicle controls validity:

not specified

Negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Remarks on result:

no indication of irritation

Other effects / acceptance of results:

All treatments with test articles and controls will be dosed in triplicate EpiDerm™ tissues.In vitro result In vivo ClassificationMean tissue viability ≤ 50% Category 2Mean tissue viability > 50% Non-irritant

Interpretation of results:

other: not irritating

Conclusions:

The dermal irritation potential of test article was determined according to the OECD 439 test guideline followed for this study. The Mean % tissue viability compared to negative control (n=3) of the 4',5'-dibromo-3',6'-dihydroxyspiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthene]-3-one, CAS No. 596-03-2 was determined to be 81.0%. Thus, 4',5'-dibromo-3 ',6'-dihydroxyspiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthene]-3-one was considered to be not irritating to the human skin.

Executive summary:

The dermal irritation potential of test article was determined according to the OECD 439 In Vitro Skin Irritation: Reconstructed Human Epidermis Test Method”. The MatTek EpiDerm™ model was used to assess the potential dermal irritation of the test article by determining the viability of the tissues following exposure to the test article via MTT. The objective of this study was to assess the dermal irritation potential of test article Tissues were exposed to test article and controls for ~one hour, followed by a 42 hour post-exposure recovery period. The viability of each tissue was determined by MTT assay. 

The MTT data shows that the assay quality controls were met, as the OD of the negative control tissues was between 1.195 and 1.430. Also, the positive control, 5% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), reduced tissue viability to 4.5% of negative control.

The Mean % tissue viability compared to negative control (n=3) of the 4',5'-dibromo-3',6'-dihydroxyspiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthene]-3-one, CAS No. 596-03-2 was determined to be 81.0%.

Hence, under the experimental test conditions it was concluded that 4',5'-dibromo-3',6'-dihydroxyspiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthene]-3-one, CAS No. 596-03-2 was considered to be not irritating to the human skin and being classified as “Not Classified'' as per CLP Regulation.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed (not irritating)

Eye irritation

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

eye irritation: in vivo

Type of information:

(Q)SAR

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: data from OECD QSAR toolbox v 3.4

Justification for type of information:

QSAR prediction: migrated from IUCLID 5.6

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: predicted data

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Prediction was done using OECD QSAR toolbox v 3.4

GLP compliance:

not specified

Species:

rabbit

Strain:

other: SPF Albino

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Controls:

not specified

Amount / concentration applied:

0.1 ml

Duration of treatment / exposure:

24 hours

Observation period (in vivo):

72 hours

Number of animals or in vitro replicates:

4 rabbits

Irritation parameter:

overall irritation score

Basis:

mean

Time point:

other: 72 hours

Score:

0

Remarks on result:

other: no effects observed

Estimation method: Takes mode value from the 7 nearest neighbours
Domain  logical expression:Result: In Domain

((((((("a" or "b" or "c" or "d" or "e" )  and ("f" and ( not "g") )  )  and ("h" and ( not "i") )  )  and "j" )  and ("k" and ( not "l") )  )  and "m" )  and ("n" and "o" )  )

Domain logical expression index: "a"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Aryl AND Aryl halide AND Fused carbocyclic aromatic AND Fused saturated heterocycles AND Heterocyclic spiro rings AND Isobenzofuran AND Lactone AND Phenol AND Xanthene by Organic Functional groups

Domain logical expression index: "b"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Aryl halide AND Fused carbocyclic aromatic AND Fused saturated heterocycles AND Heterocyclic spiro rings AND Isobenzofuran AND Lactone AND Overlapping groups AND Phenol AND Xanthene by Organic Functional groups (nested)

Domain logical expression index: "c"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Aromatic compound AND Aryl bromide AND Aryl halide AND Carbonic acid derivative AND Carboxylic acid derivative AND Diarylether AND Ether AND Halogen derivative AND Heterocyclic compound AND Hydroxy compound AND Lactone AND Phenol by Organic functional groups, Norbert Haider (checkmol)

Domain logical expression index: "d"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Aromatic compound AND Aryl bromide AND Aryl halide AND Carbonic acid derivative AND Carboxylic acid derivative AND Diarylether AND Ether AND Halogen derivative AND Heterocyclic compound AND Hydroxy compound AND Lactone AND Phenol by Organic functional groups, Norbert Haider (checkmol)

Domain logical expression index: "e"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Phenolphthaleins OR Phenols (Acute toxicity) by US-EPA New Chemical Categories

Domain logical expression index: "f"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as No alert found by DNA binding by OASIS v.1.4

Domain logical expression index: "g"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as AN2 OR AN2 >>  Michael-type addition, quinoid structures OR AN2 >>  Michael-type addition, quinoid structures >> Quinoneimines OR AN2 >>  Michael-type addition, quinoid structures >> Quinones and Trihydroxybenzenes OR Non-covalent interaction OR Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation OR Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation >> Amino Anthraquinones OR Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation >> Quinones and Trihydroxybenzenes OR Radical OR Radical >> Generation of ROS by glutathione depletion (indirect) OR Radical >> Generation of ROS by glutathione depletion (indirect) >> Haloalkanes Containing Heteroatom OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Amino Anthraquinones OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Nitroaniline Derivatives OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Nitroarenes with Other Active Groups OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Nitrophenols, Nitrophenyl Ethers and Nitrobenzoic Acids OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Polynitroarenes OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Quinones and Trihydroxybenzenes OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Single-Ring Substituted Primary Aromatic Amines OR Radical >> ROS formation after GSH depletion (indirect) OR Radical >> ROS formation after GSH depletion (indirect) >> Quinoneimines OR SN1 OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after diazonium or carbenium ion formation OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after diazonium or carbenium ion formation >> Nitroarenes with Other Active Groups OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after metabolic nitrenium ion formation OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after metabolic nitrenium ion formation >> Amino Anthraquinones OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after nitrenium ion formation OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after nitrenium ion formation >> Single-Ring Substituted Primary Aromatic Amines OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after reduction and nitrenium ion formation OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after reduction and nitrenium ion formation >> Nitroaniline Derivatives OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after reduction and nitrenium ion formation >> Nitroarenes with Other Active Groups OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after reduction and nitrenium ion formation >> Nitrophenols, Nitrophenyl Ethers and Nitrobenzoic Acids OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after reduction and nitrenium ion formation >> Polynitroarenes OR SN2 OR SN2 >> Alkylation OR SN2 >> Alkylation >> Alkylphosphates, Alkylthiophosphates and Alkylphosphonates OR SN2 >> Alkylation, direct acting epoxides and related OR SN2 >> Alkylation, direct acting epoxides and related >> Epoxides and Aziridines OR SN2 >> Alkylation, nucleophilic substitution at sp3-carbon atom OR SN2 >> Alkylation, nucleophilic substitution at sp3-carbon atom >> Haloalkanes Containing Heteroatom OR SN2 >> Direct acting epoxides formed after metabolic activation OR SN2 >> Direct acting epoxides formed after metabolic activation >> Quinoline Derivatives OR SN2 >> Nucleophilic substitution at sp3 Carbon atom OR SN2 >> Nucleophilic substitution at sp3 Carbon atom >> Haloalkanes Containing Heteroatom OR SN2 >> SN2 at an activated carbon atom OR SN2 >> SN2 at an activated carbon atom >> Quinoline Derivatives OR SN2 >> SN2 attack on activated carbon Csp3 or Csp2 OR SN2 >> SN2 attack on activated carbon Csp3 or Csp2 >> Nitroarenes with Other Active Groups by DNA binding by OASIS v.1.4

Domain logical expression index: "h"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as No alert found by DNA binding by OECD

Domain logical expression index: "i"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Acylation OR Acylation >> P450 Mediated Activation to Isocyanates or Isothiocyanates OR Acylation >> P450 Mediated Activation to Isocyanates or Isothiocyanates >> Benzylamines-Acylation OR Michael addition OR Michael addition >> P450 Mediated Activation to Quinones and Quinone-type Chemicals OR Michael addition >> P450 Mediated Activation to Quinones and Quinone-type Chemicals >> Alkyl phenols OR Michael addition >> P450 Mediated Activation to Quinones and Quinone-type Chemicals >> Arenes OR Michael addition >> P450 Mediated Activation to Quinones and Quinone-type Chemicals >> Hydroquinones OR SN1 OR SN1 >> Carbenium Ion Formation OR SN1 >> Carbenium Ion Formation >> Allyl benzenes OR SN1 >> Iminium Ion Formation OR SN1 >> Iminium Ion Formation >> Aliphatic tertiary amines OR SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation OR SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation >> Aromatic azo OR SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation >> Aromatic nitro OR SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation >> Primary aromatic amine OR SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation >> Tertiary aromatic amine by DNA binding by OECD

Domain logical expression index: "j"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Not bioavailable by Lipinski Rule Oasis ONLY

Domain logical expression index: "k"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Group 14 - Carbon C AND Group 16 - Oxygen O AND Group 17 - Halogens Br AND Group 17 - Halogens F,Cl,Br,I,At by Chemical elements

Domain logical expression index: "l"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Group 15 - Nitrogen N by Chemical elements

Domain logical expression index: "m"

Similarity boundary:Target: Oc1ccc2c(c1Br)Oc1c(ccc(O)c1Br)C21c2ccccc2C(=O)O1
Threshold=30%,
Dice(Atom centered fragments)
Atom type; Count H attached; Hybridization

Domain logical expression index: "n"

Parametric boundary:The target chemical should have a value of log Kow which is >= 5.06

Domain logical expression index: "o"

Parametric boundary:The target chemical should have a value of log Kow which is <= 6.96

Interpretation of results:

not irritating

Remarks:

Migrated informationCriteria used for interpretation of results: EU

Conclusions:

The substance, 4',5'-dibromo-3',6'-dihydroxyspiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthene]-3-one was estimated to be not irritating to rabbit eyes.

Executive summary:

The eye irritation potential of 4',5'-dibromo-3',6'-dihydroxyspiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthene]-3-onewas estimated using OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.4

The substance,4',5'-dibromo-3',6'-dihydroxyspiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthene]-3-onewas estimated to be not irritating to rabbit eyes.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed (not irritating)

Respiratory irritation

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Additional information

Skin Irritation:

The skin irritation potential of 4',5'-dibromo-3',6'-dihydroxyspiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthene]-3-one was estimated using OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.4

The substance,4',5'-dibromo-3',6'-dihydroxyspiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthene]-3-one was estimated to be not irritating to rabbit skin.

 

A skin irritation study was carried out on similar substance 16423-68-0 (J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem, 40, 321-333, 1989). The test uses a single rabbit ear, to indicate the Comedogenicity and irritancy of group of skin care products that may contain follicular and surface epithelial irritating ingredients. Ingredients are mixed in propylene glycol at a 9 to 1 dilution for testing unless otherwise indicated (10% concentration). A dose of 1 ml of the test material is applied and spread once daily to the entire inner surface of once for five days per week for two weeks. The opposite untreated ear of each animal served as an untreated control.

The irritancy produced by repeated application of a chemical or skin care product on the surface epidermis in the rabbit ear is evaluated on a scale of 0 to 5. The grades are summarized as follows:

 0 = No irritation

1 = few scales, no Erythema

2 = diffuse scaling, no Erythema

3 = Generalized scaling with Erythema

4 = Scaling, Erythema and Edema

5 = Epidermal necrosis and slough

The test chemical falls under Grade 0 (no irritation)

Hence it can be concluded that the test chemical is non-irritating to rabbit ears.

 

Skin irritation study was conducted on similar substance 16423-68-0 (Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS), 2010) on four male albino rabbits to study the irritancy parameter of the test material. 100 mg erythrosine was applied to two separate sites of abraded skin and another 1 inch square site served as control.All skin sites were covered by surgical Gauze and rubberized cloth for 24 hrs. After the treatment period, the covers were removed and test material was removed from the skin. Skin reactions were examined at the end of the 24 hr-exposure and 24 hrs thereafter and scored according to the modified method of Draize et al. (1944) as described by Lynch et al. (1978). Slight redness at the abraded and treated skin sites was observed which was not present after 48 hrs. Erythrosine is not a primary skin irritant to the skin of rabbits. Thus according to the CLP criteria test substance considered as not irritating to the skin of rabbit.

A skin irritation study was carried out on similar substance 518-47-8 (The NSS Bulletin, Volume 46 Number 2: 21-33 - October 1984, A publication of the National Speleological Society) to assess the irritation potential. The test was performed on mammals. The test chemical Sodium Fluorescein was found to be non – irritating to skin.

Based on the available in vitro and in vivo information for the target as well as its various read across substances, 4',5'-dibromo-3',6'-dihydroxyspiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthene]-3-one can be considered to be not irritating to skin.

Eye Irritation:

The eye irritation potential of4',5'-dibromo-3',6'-dihydroxyspiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthene]-3-one was estimated using OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.4

The substance,4',5'-dibromo-3',6'-dihydroxyspiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthene]-3-onewas estimated to be not irritating to rabbit eyes.

 

Studies were conducted on similar substance 16423-68-0 by Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS), 2010 to assess its ocular irritation potential.

Primary eye irritation potential was evaluated for the test chemical erythrosine (16423-68-0). 0.2mL of 10% aqueous solution was applied in the conjuctival sac of one eye of a group of at least 6 albino rabbits. The application was repeated twice daily, 5 days per week for 4 weeks. One hour after each application the eyes were examined for evidence of staining and irritation was scored according to Draize. Three days after the last application, two animals of each group (erythrosine colour and erythrosine lake) were killed; upper lids were taken for microscopic examination. Eyeballs and posterior parts were examined grossly for evidence of staining or other abnormalities. Erythrosine colour caused intense colouring of the iris and moderate conjunctival irritation. Staining lasted from 2 to 7 days. Erythrosine lake did not cause severe eye irritation but resulted in spotty staining in some animals and very slight but uniform staining in other animals. Therefore, Erythrosine (16423-68-0) was assessed to be not irritating to the eyes of rabbits when treated for 4 weeks.

Primary eye irritation potency was evaluated for the test material, erythrosine (16423-68-0). The test material (100 mg) was applied to the right eye of 3 male rabbits each and left eye served as control. 5 minutes after application, the treated eye was washed with 300 ml distilled water and the cornea, iris and conjunctival mucosa of treated eyes were investigated at 12, 24, 48, and 72 hrs after treatment. At these time points, no adverse ocular reactions were observed. Erythrosine is a non irritant to the eyes of rabbit after 72 hrs treatment.

Primary eye irritation study on similar substance 18472-87-2 (OPINION OF THE SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE ON COSMETIC PRODUCTS AND NON-FOOD PRODUCTS INTENDED FOR CONSUMERS CONCERNING -ACID RED 92, COLIPA n° C53) was conducted on male and female New Zealand Albino rabbits to evaluate the irritating nature.100 mg/0.1g of the test compound was instilled into one eye each of three young adult rabbits. Scoring of irritation effects was performed approximately 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours, as well as 7 and 10, 14 and 17 days after test item application. The instillation of the test item into the eye resulted in mild to moderate, early-onset and transient ocular changes, such as reddening of the conjunctivae and sclerae, discharge and chemosis. A slight corneal opacity, affecting up to the whole area of the cornea, was also apparent in one animal from 24 hours to 10 days after treatment, A light to marked red staining was also observed in the treated eye of all animals during the first 7 days after treatment. All ocular effects were reversible and were no longer evident 17 days after treatment. No abnormal findings were observed in the iris of any animal at any reading. No corrosion was observed at any of the measuring intervals. The test material Acid Red 92 was non irritating to the eyes of New Zealand Albino rabbits. In accordance with CLP classification, 3, 4 ,5, 6-tetrachloro-2-(1,4,5,8-tetrabromo-6-hydroxy-3-oxoxanthen-9-yl)benzoic acid (Common Name: D & C Red no. 28, Acid Red 92) does not classify as an eye irritant.

 

The ocular irritation potential of test article was determined according to the OECD 492 test guideline. The mean % tissue viability of 4',5'-dibromo-3',6'-dihydroxyspiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthene]-3-one[CAS: 596-03-2] was determined to be 2.17%. Thus, 4',5'-dibromo-3',6'-dihydroxyspiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthene]-3-one[CAS: 596-03-2] was considered to be irritating to MatTek EpiOcular Tisssue Model OCL-200.

The dermal irritation potential of test article was determined according to the OECD 439 In Vitro Skin Irritation: Reconstructed Human Epidermis Test Method”. The MatTek EpiDerm™ model was used to assess the potential dermal irritation of the test article by determining the viability of the tissues following exposure to the test article via MTT. The objective of this study was to assess the dermal irritation potential of test article Tissues were exposed to test article and controls for ~one hour, followed by a 42 hour post-exposure recovery period. The viability of each tissue was determined by MTT assay. 

The MTT data shows that the assay quality controls were met, as the OD of the negative control tissues was between 1.195 and 1.430. Also, the positive control, 5% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), reduced tissue viability to 4.5% of negative control.

The Mean % tissue viability compared to negative control (n=3) of the4',5'-dibromo-3',6'-dihydroxyspiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthene]-3-one, CAS No. 596-03-2was determined to be 81.0%.

Hence, under the experimental test conditions it was concluded that4',5'-dibromo-3',6'-dihydroxyspiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthene]-3-one, CAS No. 596-03-2was considered to be not irritating to the human skin and being classified as “Not Classified'' as per CLP Regulation.

Based on the available information for the target as well as its various read across substances, and applying the weight of evidence approach, 4',5'-dibromo-3',6'-dihydroxyspiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthene]-3-one can be considered to be not irritating to eyes.

Justification for selection of skin irritation / corrosion endpoint:

data is from in vitro k1 study report

Justification for selection of eye irritation endpoint:

data is from OECD recommended QSAR model

Justification for classification or non-classification

Available studies on 4',5'-dibromo-3',6'-dihydroxyspiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthene]-3-one suggests that it is not irritating to eyes and skin.