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EC number: 203-254-2 | CAS number: 104-94-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Data is from authoritative source
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Enhanced mutagenicity of anisidine isomers in bacterial strains containing elevated N-acetyltransferase activity
- Author:
- David C. Thompson, P. David Josephy, Joseph W.K. Chu and Thomas E. Eling
- Year:
- 1 992
- Bibliographic source:
- Mutation Research. 279 (1992) 83-89
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- p- anisidine
- IUPAC Name:
- p- anisidine
- Reference substance name:
- p-anisidine
- EC Number:
- 203-254-2
- EC Name:
- p-anisidine
- Cas Number:
- 104-94-9
- Molecular formula:
- C7H9NO
- IUPAC Name:
- 4-methoxyaniline
- Details on test material:
- Name of test material (as cited in study report): p- anisidine
- Molecular formula (if other than submission substance): C7-H9-N-O
- Molecular weight (if other than submission substance): 123.1541
- Substance type: Organic
- Physical state: Solid
- Purity: No data available
- Impurities (identity and concentrations): No data available
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Method
- Target gene:
- hisG46
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium, other: YG1029
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- acetyltransferase proficient
- Remarks:
- YG1029 (TA1OO pYG 219)
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- Ram seminal vesicle microsomes (RSVM) Hamster S9 and horseradish peroxidase
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- Highest dose 10 µmoles/plate
- Vehicle / solvent:
- DMSO
Controls
- Untreated negative controls:
- not specified
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- not specified
- True negative controls:
- not specified
- Positive controls:
- not specified
- Positive control substance:
- not specified
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION: in agar (plate incorporation)
DURATION
- Preincubation period: For RSVM activated mutagenicity): Mutagen, RSVM in buffer and bacterial culture were mixed and incubated initially for 3 mins and after addition of arachidonic acid incubation was further continued for 30 mins
For S9 activated mutagenicity: Mutagen, S9 in buffer and bacterial culture were mixed and incubated for 30 mins
For Horse radish peroxidase/hydrogen peroxide system: No data available
- Exposure duration: No data available
- Expression time (cells in growth medium): about 14 hrs
- Selection time (if incubation with a selection agent): No data available
- Fixation time (start of exposure up to fixation or harvest of cells): No data available
SELECTION AGENT (mutation assays): Tetracycline (6.25 µg/ml)
SPINDLE INHIBITOR (cytogenetic assays): No data available
STAIN (for cytogenetic assays): No data available
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: No data available
NUMBER OF CELLS EVALUATED: No data available
DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: No data available
OTHER EXAMINATIONS:
- Determination of polyploidy: No data available
- Determination of endoreplication: No data available
- Other:
OTHER: Overnight cultures were grown at 37°C with shaking at 120 rpm in Oxoid Nutrient Broth No. 2 for about 14 hrs, until the OD, reached 1.0. - Statistics:
- Colonies were counted after 48 h, using a 3M 620 automatic colony counter with a size threshold of 0.29 mm.
Doses are plotted using the transformed variable X = (1 + dose) in logarithmic scale; this method allows the zero dose point to be included without breaking the axis.
Results and discussion
Test results
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium, other: YG1029
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- positive
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- not specified
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not specified
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- not specified
- Additional information on results:
- For YG1029:
With metabolic activation:
RSVM mutagenicity system: Positive
S9 mutagenicity system: Positive
Horse radish peroxidase/hydrogen peroxide system: Positive (at the two highest concentrations hydrogen peroxide examined i.e. 0.1 and 0.2 µmoles/ plate)
Without metabolic activation:
RSVM mutagenicity system: Positive (very little mutagenicity)
S9 mutagenicity system: Positive (very little mutagenicity)
Horse radish peroxidase/hydrogen peroxide system: Positive (at the two highest concentrations of hydrogen peroxide examined i.e. 0.1 and 0.2 µmoles/ plate) - Remarks on result:
- other: all strains/cell types tested
- Remarks:
- Migrated from field 'Test system'.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information):
positive
Mutagenic response of p- anisidine was observed for Salmonella typhimurium tester strain YG1029 with and without metabolic activation using RSVM, hamster S9 and horse radish peroxidase/hydrogen peroxide system. Genetic toxicity results were observed to be positive in this study. - Executive summary:
New bacterial tester strains ofSalmonella typhimuriumhave been constructed which have greatly elevated sensitivities to aromatic amines and nitroaromatic compounds; these strains carry plasmid-borne copies of the genes encoding the bacterial enzymes acetyl CoA-dependent arylamine N-acetyltransferase/ arylhydroxylamine O-acetyltransferase (NAT/OAT) or nitroreductase.
One of these new strains includes YG1029 (derived from TA100). Mutagenic response of p-anisidine in the Ames test using strain YG1029 has been tested in the given study.
Metabolic activation have been carried out using Hamster S9 liver homogenate or ram seminal vesicle microsomes as activating systems and the possible role of N-acetyltransferase enzymes in the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of p-anisidine has been studied.
Horseradish peroxidase as a possible activating system for p-anisidine in YG1029 has also been studied. It catalyzes the oxidation of xenobiotics such as aromatic amines to free radical and other reactive intermediates.
When tested with YG1029, however, p-anisidine caused a dose-dependent increase in revertants. p-Anisidine was mutagenic with either hamster S9 or RSVM as an activating system. The number of p-anisidine-dependent revertants observed with the two activating systems (S9, RSVM) was similar.
With RSVM, the presence or absence of arachidonic acid had no effect on the number of revertants.
The horseradish peroxidase/ hydrogen peroxide system was unable to activate p-anisidine to a mutagen. At the two highest doses of hydrogen peroxide examined (0.1 and 0.2 µmoles/ plate), some toxicity was evident.
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