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EC number: 292-605-3 | CAS number: 90640-84-9 A complex combination of hydrocarbons produced by the distillation of coal tar and boiling in the range of approximately 240°C to 280°C (464°F to 536°F). Composed primarily of acenaphthene, naphthalene and alkyl naphthalene.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Acute Toxicity: inhalation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: inhalation
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Comparable to guideline study, limited documentation, acceptable for assessment of sub-lethal effects
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Toxic effects of acute inhalation exposure to 1-methylnaphthalene and 2-methylnaphthalene in experimental animals
- Author:
- Korsak, Z.; Majcherek, W.; Rydzynski, K.
- Year:
- 1 998
- Bibliographic source:
- Inter. J. Occup. Med. Environ. Health 11, 335-342 (1998)
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 403 (Acute Inhalation Toxicity)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- : male animals only, no post-exposure observation, lethal doses not technically attainable, additional testing (neurotoxic effects)
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The focus of the study was laid on test substance induced depression of CNS functions, thus allowing for the evaluation of sub-lethal effects.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Test type:
- standard acute method
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 1-methylnaphthalene
- EC Number:
- 201-966-8
- EC Name:
- 1-methylnaphthalene
- Cas Number:
- 90-12-0
- Molecular formula:
- C11H10
- IUPAC Name:
- 1-methylnaphthalene
- Reference substance name:
- 2-methylnaphthalene
- EC Number:
- 202-078-3
- EC Name:
- 2-methylnaphthalene
- Cas Number:
- 91-57-6
- Molecular formula:
- C11H10
- IUPAC Name:
- 2-methylnaphthalene
- Reference substance name:
- 202-078-2
- IUPAC Name:
- 202-078-2
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): 1-methylnaphthalene (1-MN)
- Source Riedel de Haen
- Name of test material (as cited in study report): 2-methylnaphthalene (2-MN)
- Source Fluka
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Constituent 3
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Wistar
- Sex:
- male
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Strain: IMP: DAK outbred stock
- Weight at study initiation: 250 - 300 g
- Housing: wire-mesh stainles steel cages
- Diet: ad libitum
- Water: ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 1 week, used within 4 weeks after arrival
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 22 - 25
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 / 12
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- inhalation: vapour
- Type of inhalation exposure:
- whole body
- Vehicle:
- clean air
- Details on inhalation exposure:
- GENERATION OF TEST ATMOSPHERE / CHAMBER DESCRIPTION
- Exposure apparatus: dynamic inhalation chamber
- Exposure chamber volume: 0.25 m3
- Air change 12 - 15x
- Method of holding animals in test chamber:
- Source and rate of air:
- Method of conditioning air:
- System of generating particulates/aerosols: Vapours were generated by heating the solvent in a washer to 85 °C.
- Method of particle size determination: none
- Treatment of exhaust air:
- Temperature, humidity, pressure in air chamber:
TEST ATMOSPHERE
- Brief description of analytical method used:
- Samples taken from breathing zone: yes/no
VEHICLE
- Composition of vehicle (if applicable):
- Concentration of test material in vehicle (if applicable):
- Justification of choice of vehicle:
- Lot/batch no. (if required):
- Purity:
TEST ATMOSPHERE (if not tabulated)
- Particle size distribution:
- MMAD (Mass median aerodynamic diameter) / GSD (Geometric st. dev.):
CLASS METHOD (if applicable)
- Rationale for the selection of the starting concentration: - Analytical verification of test atmosphere concentrations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- GC FID, every 30 min
- Duration of exposure:
- 4 h
- Concentrations:
- nominal: 150 - 500 mg/m3
1-MN - mean analytical concentrations: 152, 253, and 407 mg/m3 (the latter maximally attainable)
2-MN - mean analytical concentrations: 229, 325, and 522 mg/m3 (the latter maximally attainable) - No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 10 - 20
- Control animals:
- yes
- Details on study design:
- - Duration of observation period following administration: < 2 d
- Frequency of observations and weighing:
- Necropsy of survivors performed: no
- Other examinations performed: clinical signs, behaviour, pain tolerance - Statistics:
- Kruskal-Wallis test for evaluating the decrease in the sensitivity to pain.
Results and discussion
Effect levelsopen allclose all
- Sex:
- male
- Dose descriptor:
- LC0
- Effect level:
- > 404 mg/m³ air (analytical)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- 1-MN
- Exp. duration:
- 4 h
- Remarks on result:
- other: concentration maximally attainable
- Sex:
- male
- Dose descriptor:
- LC0
- Effect level:
- > 522 mg/m³ air (analytical)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- 2-MN
- Exp. duration:
- 4 h
- Remarks on result:
- other: concentration maximally attainable
- Sex:
- male
- Dose descriptor:
- other: NOAEC (pain sensitivity)
- Effect level:
- 152 mg/m³ air (analytical)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- 1-MN
- Exp. duration:
- 4 h
- Remarks on result:
- other: Test for central-nervous effects
- Sex:
- male
- Dose descriptor:
- other: NOEC (pain sensitivity)
- Effect level:
- 229 mg/m³ air (analytical)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- 2-MN
- Exp. duration:
- 4 h
- Remarks on result:
- other: Test for central-nervous effects
- Sex:
- male
- Dose descriptor:
- other: NOAEC (balance reflexes)
- Effect level:
- 404 mg/m³ air (analytical)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- 1-MN
- Exp. duration:
- 4 h
- Remarks on result:
- other: Test for central-nervous effects
- Sex:
- male
- Dose descriptor:
- other: NOAEC (balance reflexes)
- Effect level:
- 522 mg/m³ air (analytical)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- 2-MN
- Exp. duration:
- 4 h
- Remarks on result:
- other: Test for central-nervous effects
- Mortality:
- none
- Clinical signs:
- other: no details
- Body weight:
- not applicable
- Gross pathology:
- not performed
- Other findings:
- Other observations:
1. Rotarod test (according to Kaplan and Murphy 1972):
No statistically significant influence on performance,
but 1/10 animals of the high-dose 2-MN group failed. (n = 10 per group)
2. Pain tolerance test (hot plate):
A statistically significant concentration-related influence on the paw-lick response was observed (see below).
Any other information on results incl. tables
Latency of the paw-lick response (hot-plate behaviour) in rats exposed to 1- or 2 -Methylnaphthalene, respectively
(Report, Table 3 and 4):
Group [mg/m3] |
Animal number |
Latency of response [sec] |
Mean decrease in pain sensitivity [%] # |
1-Methylnaphthalene |
|||
Control |
50 |
10.2 ±2.3 |
0 |
152 |
10 |
12.8 ±2.9 |
4.8 |
253 |
20 |
24.8 ±15.9 * |
29 |
407 |
20 |
36.1 ±18.6 * |
51.8 |
2- Methylnaphthalene |
|||
Control |
20 |
10.5 ±2.6 |
0 |
229 |
10 |
13.9 ±3.3 |
6.8 |
352 |
10 |
25.7 ±6.3 * |
30.7 |
525 |
20 |
33.3 ±19.9* |
46.0 |
* Statistically significant difference from control: p =< 0.001
# Latency elongation to 60 sec over the control was taken as 100 % decrease in pain sensitivity
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- other: not classifiable
- Executive summary:
1 -Methyl- and 2 -methylnaphthalene vapours were not lethal to rats exposed for 4 h to concentrations that were maximally attainable (407 and 522 mg/m3, respectively). They produced significant CNS depression shown by concentration-related decrease in the pain tolerance. The NOAECs for this sublethal effect were approx. 150 and 200 mg/m3 for 1 -MN and 2 -MN, respectively.
No significant but only slight impairment of the trained rotarod performance was observed with 1 of 10 failures in the high-dose 2 -MN group.
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