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Toxicological information

Skin sensitisation

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Administrative data

Endpoint:
skin sensitisation: in vivo (non-LLNA)
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
From June 27, 1994 to August 8, 1994
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study

Data source

Reference
Reference Type:
study report
Title:
Unnamed
Year:
1994
Report date:
1994

Materials and methods

Test guidelineopen allclose all
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 406 (Skin Sensitisation)
Deviations:
yes
Remarks:
(R temperature varied between 21-25 °C. Due to positive reactions in the control group, a 2nd epidermal pretest was performed. After 9 d second challenge was performed with 10 additional untreated control animals and two test substance concentrations).
Qualifier:
equivalent or similar to guideline
Guideline:
EU Method B.6 (Skin Sensitisation)
Deviations:
yes
Remarks:
(room temperature varied between 21-25°C. Due to positive reactions in the control group, a 2nd epidermal pretest was performed. After 9 d second challenge was performed with 10 additional untreated control animals and two test substance concentrations)
Principles of method if other than guideline:
not applicable
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Type of study:
guinea pig maximisation test
Justification for non-LLNA method:
Data from a reliable in vivo test conducted before the enforcement of Commission Regulation (EU) 640/2012 of 06 July 2012 amending, for the purpose of its adaptation to technical progress, Regulation (EC) No 440/2008 laying down test methods pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) are available.

Test material

Constituent 1
Chemical structure
Reference substance name:
Chromate(2-), [2,4-dihydro-4-[(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)azo]-5-methyl-2-phenyl-3H-pyrazol-3-onato(2-)][3-[(4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)azo]-2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzenesulfonato(3-)]-, disodium
EC Number:
274-386-6
EC Name:
Chromate(2-), [2,4-dihydro-4-[(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)azo]-5-methyl-2-phenyl-3H-pyrazol-3-onato(2-)][3-[(4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)azo]-2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzenesulfonato(3-)]-, disodium
Cas Number:
70209-87-9
Molecular formula:
C32H21CrN10Na2O11S
IUPAC Name:
Disodium-[2,4-dihydro-4-[(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)azo]-5-methyl-2-phenyl-3H-pyrazol-3-onato(2-)][3-[(4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)azo]-2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzenesulfonato(3-)]-chromate(2-)
Test material form:
other: solid
Details on test material:
Name of test material (as cited in study report): LANACRON ROT S-G ROH TROCKEN (FAT 20'060/E)
- Substance type: Dye
- Physical state: Solid
- Analytical purity: Approx. 80%
- Lot/batch No.: 252
- Expiration date: 07/99
- Stability: Stable under storage conditions
- Storage condition: At room temperature
-Storage Conditions: At room temperature (approx. 20°C); away from direct sunlight

In vivo test system

Test animals

Species:
guinea pig
Strain:
Himalayan
Sex:
female
Details on test animals and environmental conditions:
TEST ANIMALS
- Source: BRL, Biological Research Laboratories Ltd. Wolferstrasse 4, CH-4414 Füllinsdorf/Switzerland.
-Number of animals for main study / pretest: 40 females/10 females, nulliparous and non-pregnant
- Age: 5-7 weeks
- Weight: 226-353 g (Control Group I and Test Group), 274-362 g (Intradermal pretest and epidermal pretest I), 261 - 266 g (Epidermal pretest II)
- Housing: Individually in Makrolon type-3 cages with autoclaved standard softwood bedding ("Lignocel", Schill AG, CH-4132 Muttenz).
- Diet (e.g., ad libitum): Pelleted standard Kliba 342, Batch nos. 63/94 (at delivery of the animals to 03-August-94) and 64/94 (from 04-August-1994 to termination of test) guinea pig breeding/ maintenance diet ("Kliba", Klingentalmühle AG, CH-4303 Kaiseraugst) (ad libitum)
- Water (e.g., ad libitum): Community tap water (ad libitum); Once weekly additional supply of ascorbic acid (1 g/L) via the drinking water
- Acclimation period: One week for the control group I and test group under test conditions after health examination. 10 d for the control group II. No acclimatization for the animals of the intradermal pretest and epidermal pretest I. 1 d for the epidermal pretest II. Only animals without any visual signs of illness were used for the study.
-Identification: By unique cage number and corresponding ear tags.
-Randomization: Randomly selected at time of delivery

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature: 21 to 25 °C
- Humidity: 52-70 %
- Air changes: 10-15 air changes/h
- Photoperiod: 12 h/12 h (music during the light period)

IN-LIFE DATES: June 27, 1994, to August 8, 1994

Study design: in vivo (non-LLNA)

Inductionopen allclose all
Route:
intradermal
Vehicle:
other: ethanol
Concentration / amount:
5 %
Day(s)/duration:
day 1
Adequacy of induction:
highest technically applicable concentration used
Route:
epicutaneous, occlusive
Vehicle:
other: vaselinum album
Concentration / amount:
50%
Day(s)/duration:
day 8
Adequacy of induction:
non-irritant substance, but skin pre-treated with 10% SDS
Challengeopen allclose all
No.:
#1
Route:
epicutaneous, occlusive
Vehicle:
other: vaselinum album
Concentration / amount:
Induction:
Concentration for intradermal induction: 5 %
Concentration for epicutaneous induction: 50 %

1st Challenge:
Concentration for epicutaneous application: 50 %
Day(s)/duration:
day 22
Adequacy of challenge:
highest non-irritant concentration
No.:
#2
Route:
epicutaneous, occlusive
Vehicle:
other: vaselinum album
Concentration / amount:
Induction:
Concentration for intradermal induction: 5 %
Concentration for epicutaneous induction: 50 %

1st Challenge:
Concentration for epicutaneous application: 50 %

2nd Challenge:
Concentration for epicutaneous application: 50 and 25 %
Day(s)/duration:
day 26
Adequacy of challenge:
highest non-irritant concentration
No. of animals per dose:
Preliminary study:
Intradermal injections group: 2 animals
Epicutaneous applications group: 4 animals
Main study:
Control group: 10 animals
Test group: 20 treated animals
Details on study design:
PRETEST
INTRADERMAL INJECTIONS:
Intradermal injections (0.1 mL/site) were made into the clipped flank of two guineapigs at concentrations of 5, 3 and 1 % of the test substance in ethanol. The resulting dermal reactions were assessed 24 h later. For intradermal induction application a 5 % test substance dilution was selected.

EPIDERMAL PRETEST I:
Both flanks of each of 4 guinea pigs were clipped and shaved just prior to the application. Thereafter 4 patches of filter paper (2 x 2 cm) were saturated with the test substance at 50% (this concentration used was found to be the most qualified to assure an optimum technical application procedure), 25 %, 15 % and 10 % of the test substance in Vaseline and applied to the clipped and shaved flanks. The patches were covered by a strip of aluminum foil and firmly secured by elastic plaster wrapped around the trunk and covered with impervious adhesive tape. This procedure ensured the intensive contact of the test substance. The dressings were removed after an exposure period of 24 h. 21 h after removing of the dressing the application site was depilated with an approved depilatory cream to clean the application site from staining produced by the test substance, so that possible erythema reactions were clearly visible at that time. The depilatory was placed on the patch sites and surrounding areas and left on for 3-5 minutes. It was then thoroughly washed off with a stream of warm, running water. The animals were then dried with a disposable towel and returned to their cages. The reaction sites were assessed 24 and 48 h after removal of the bandage for erythema and oedema on a numerical basis according to Draize score. The allocation of the different test dilutions to the sites on the animals was alternated in order to minimize site to site variation in responsiveness. For the epidermal induction and first challenge procedure the test substance at 50 % was selected.

INDUCTION

Intradermal injections / performed on test Day 1: An area of dorsal skin from the scapular region (approximately 6 x 8 cm) was clipped free of hair. Three pairs of intradermal injections (0.1 mL/site) were made at the border of a 4 x 6 cm area in the clipped region as follows:
Test Group:
1) 1:1 (v/v) mixture of Freund's Complete Adjuvant and physiological saline.
2) The test substance, diluted to 5 % with ethanol.
3)* The test substance diluted to 5 % by emulsion in a 1:1 (v/v) mixture of Freund's Complete Adjuvant and physiological saline.
Control Group:
1) 1:1 (v/v) mixture of Freund's Complete Adjuvant and physiological saline.
2) Ethanol
3)*1:1 (w/w) mixture of ethanol in a 1:1 (v/v) mixture of Freund's Complete Adjuvant and physiological saline.

*Deviation of EU Method in which the vehicle is mixed with FCA only in the control group and liposoluble or insoluble substances are mixed with FCA only in the test group. A mixture of FCA: physiological saline was chosen instead of FCA only in order to decrease the site effects of FCA when applied alone.

Epidermal applications / performed on test Day 8: On 7 d and 23.5 h prior to the epidermal application the scapular area (approx. 6 x 8 cm) was clipped, shaved free of hair and the test area was pretreated with 10 % Sodium-Lauryl-Sulfate (SLS) in paraffinum perliquidum as no primary irritation had been observed in the pretest. The SLS was massaged into the skin with a glass rod without bandaging. This 10 % concentration of SLS enhances sensitization by provoking a mild inflammatory reaction.
On 8 d, a 2 x 4 cm patch of filter paper was saturated with the test substance (50 % in vaselinum album) and placed over the injection sites of the test animals. The patch was covered with aluminum foil and firmly secured by an elastic plaster wrapped around the trunk of the animal and secured with impervious adhesive tape. The dressings were left in place for 48 h. The epidermal application procedure described ensured intensive contact of the test substance. The guinea pigs of the control group I were treated as described above with Vaseline only. Reaction sites were assessed for erythema and oedema 24 and 48 h after removal of the dressing, using the numerical grading system according to Draize.


FIRST CHALLENGE / performed on test Day 22: The test group and control group I were challenged two weeks after the epidermal induction application. The test and control guineapigs were treated in the same way. Hair was clipped and shaved from a 5 x 5 cm area on the left and right flank of each guineapig just prior to the application. Two patches (2 x 2 cm) of filter paper were saturated with the highest non-irritating concentration of 50 % (left flank) and the vehicle only (Vaseline, applied to the right flank) using the same method as for the epidermal application. The dressing was left in place for 24 h. 21 h after removing of the dressing the test sites were depilated with an approved depilatory cream (VEET Cream, Reckitt & Colman AG, CH-4123 Allschwil). The cream was placed on the patch sites for 3-5 minutes and then washed off with a stream of warm running water. When the application sites were clean and any stains from the test substance removed the animals were dried with a disposable paper towel and returned to their cages. 25 and 48.5 h after the removal of the dressing the application sites were assessed for erythema and oedema using the numerical scoring system according to Draize.

EPIDERMAL PRETEST II / performed on test Day 26: Very slight to well-defined erythematous reactions were observed in the control group I after the first challenge when treated with the test substance at 50 % in Vaseline Therefore, a second epidermal pretest was performed prior to the second challenge to confirm the highest non-irritating concentration of 50 % in Vaseline determined in the pretest I. The second epidermal pretest was performed in the same way and in the same concentrations as the first pretest. Four additional animals were used. The test substance at 50 % in Vaseline was considered to be the highest nonirritating concentration used for the second challenge procedure. In addition, the test substance at 25 % in Vaseline was applied in the second challenge.

SECOND CHALLENGE / performed on test Day 31: A second challenge was performed nine days after the first challenge. The treatment procedure used for the animals in the test group was the same as that described for the first challenge except the applications were made to the opposite flanks of the guinea pigs. Ten additional untreated control animals were used and treated in the same conditions as the test group. The test substance at 50 % and 25 % in Vaseline was applied on the right cranial and right caudal flank.
Challenge controls:
First challenge: Test substance (50 % (left flank)) and Vaseline album (right flank)
Second challenge: Test substance (50 % (right cranial flank) 25 % (right caudal flank) (Ten additional untreated control animals were used)
Positive control substance(s):
yes
Remarks:
2-mercaptobenzothiazol and 4-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester tested in another study)

Results and discussion

Positive control results:
Positive response was observed in 60 % of treated animals after the epidermal challenge application.

In vivo (non-LLNA)

Resultsopen allclose all
Key result
Reading:
1st reading
Group:
positive control
Remarks on result:
not measured/tested
Key result
Reading:
1st reading
Hours after challenge:
24
Group:
positive control
Remarks on result:
not measured/tested
Key result
Reading:
1st reading
Hours after challenge:
24
Group:
negative control
Dose level:
50 %
No. with + reactions:
1
Total no. in group:
10
Clinical observations:
none
Remarks on result:
other: first challenge
Key result
Reading:
rechallenge
Hours after challenge:
24
Group:
negative control
Dose level:
50 %
No. with + reactions:
0
Total no. in group:
10
Clinical observations:
none
Key result
Reading:
rechallenge
Hours after challenge:
24
Group:
negative control
Dose level:
25 %
No. with + reactions:
0
Total no. in group:
10
Clinical observations:
none
Key result
Reading:
rechallenge
Hours after challenge:
48
Group:
negative control
Dose level:
50 %
No. with + reactions:
0
Total no. in group:
10
Clinical observations:
none
Key result
Reading:
rechallenge
Hours after challenge:
48
Group:
negative control
Dose level:
25 %
No. with + reactions:
0
Total no. in group:
10
Clinical observations:
none
Key result
Reading:
1st reading
Hours after challenge:
24
Group:
test chemical
Dose level:
50 %
No. with + reactions:
1
Total no. in group:
20
Clinical observations:
none
Remarks on result:
other: first challenge
Key result
Reading:
rechallenge
Hours after challenge:
24
Group:
test chemical
Dose level:
50 %
No. with + reactions:
1
Total no. in group:
20
Clinical observations:
none
Key result
Reading:
rechallenge
Hours after challenge:
24
Group:
test chemical
Dose level:
25 %
No. with + reactions:
0
Total no. in group:
20
Clinical observations:
none
Key result
Reading:
rechallenge
Hours after challenge:
48
Group:
test chemical
Dose level:
25 %
No. with + reactions:
0
Total no. in group:
20
Clinical observations:
none
Key result
Reading:
1st reading
Hours after challenge:
48
Group:
test chemical
Dose level:
50 %
No. with + reactions:
11
Total no. in group:
20
Clinical observations:
none
Remarks on result:
other: first challenge
Key result
Reading:
rechallenge
Hours after challenge:
48
Group:
test chemical
Dose level:
50 %
No. with + reactions:
3
Total no. in group:
20
Clinical observations:
none
Key result
Reading:
1st reading
Hours after challenge:
48
Group:
negative control
Dose level:
50 %
No. with + reactions:
6
Total no. in group:
10
Clinical observations:
none
Remarks on result:
other: first challenge
Key result
Reading:
1st reading
Hours after challenge:
24
Group:
test chemical
Dose level:
Vaseline
No. with + reactions:
0
Total no. in group:
20
Clinical observations:
none
Remarks on result:
other: first challenge
Key result
Reading:
1st reading
Hours after challenge:
48
Group:
test chemical
Dose level:
Vaseline
No. with + reactions:
0
Total no. in group:
20
Clinical observations:
none
Remarks on result:
other: first challenge
Key result
Reading:
1st reading
Hours after challenge:
24
Group:
negative control
Dose level:
Vaseline
No. with + reactions:
0
Total no. in group:
10
Clinical observations:
none
Remarks on result:
other: first challenge
Key result
Reading:
rechallenge
Hours after challenge:
48
Group:
negative control
Dose level:
Vaseline
No. with + reactions:
0
Total no. in group:
10
Clinical observations:
none
Key result
Reading:
rechallenge
Hours after challenge:
24
Group:
negative control
Dose level:
Vaseline
No. with + reactions:
0
Total no. in group:
10
Clinical observations:
none

Any other information on results incl. tables

Main Study:

Skin effects after intradermal induction performed on test Day 1

CONTROL GROUP I:

Injection site 1: The area around the injection site was oedematous and erythematous from test Day 2 to 5, and became necrotic from test Day 6 to 10, followed by encrustation and exfoliation of encrustation up to the termination of test.

Injection site 2: The reactions observed were identical to those obtained at injection site 1 with the mixture of FCA and physiological saline

Injection site 3: The reactions observed were identical to those obtained at injection site 1 with the mixture of FCA and physiological saline.

As the animals were bandaged with the semi-occlusive dressing no observations of the skin were possible on test Day 9.

TEST GROUP:

Injection site 1: The reactions observed were identical to those obtained in the control group with the mixture of FCA and physiological saline, at injection site 1.

Injection site 2: The area around the injection site was oedematous and red discolored from test Day 2 to 5 and 2 to 6 respectively, necrotic from test Day 6 to 10, followed by encrustation and exfoliation of encrustation up to the termination of test.

Injection site 3: The reactions observed were identical to those obtained at injection site 2 with the 5% solution of test substance in ethanol.

As the animals were bandaged with the semi-occlusive dressing no observations of the skin were possible on test Day 9.

Skin effects after epidermal induction performed on test Day 8:

CONTROL GROUP I: No erythematous or oedematous reaction was observed in the animals treated with vaselinum album only.

TEST GROUP: As the test substance stained the skin red, it was not possible to determine whether erythema was present. However, no oedema was observed. Red discoloration was noted from test Day 10 to 24. All animals of the control and test group were pretreated with a 10% SLS in paraffinum per liquidum.

Skin effects after the first and second challenge performed on test Day 22 and 31 respectively:

CONTROL GROUP I

First Challenge: No positive reactions were observed in the animals treated with vaselinum album alone. Red discoloration was noted from test Day 23 (after removal of the dressing) to 24 (prior to the depilation). One animal was observed with a very slight erythematous reaction at the 24 h reading when treated with the test substance at 50 % in vaselinum album. At the 48 h reading, 6 animals (out of 10) were observed with very slight or well defined erythematous reactions.

CONTROL GROUP II

Second Challenge: No positive reactions were observed in the animals either when treated with vaselinum album alone or when treated with the test substance at 50 % and 25 % in vaselinum album. Red discoloration was noted from test Day 32 (after removal of the dressing) and 33 (prior to the depilation).

TEST GROUP

First Challenge: No positive reactions were observed in the animals treated with vaselinum album alone. One animal was observed with a very slight erythematous reaction at the 24 h reading when treated with the test substance at 50 % in vaselinum album. At the 48 h reading, 11 animals (out of 20) were observed with very slight or well defined erythematous reactions. Red discoloration was noted from test Day 23 (after removal of the dressing) to 24 (prior to the depilation).

Second Challenge: No positive reactions were observed in the animals either when treated with vaselinum album alone or when treated with the test substance at 25 % in vaselinum album. One animal was observed with a very slight erythematous reaction at the 24 h reading when treated with the test substance at 50 % in vaselinum album. At the 48 h reading 3 animals (out of 20) were observed with the same reactions. Red discoloration was noted from test Day 32 (after removal of the dressing) to 33 (prior to the depilation).

Viability / mortality / macroscopic findings:

One animal of the intradermal pretest was found dead on test Day 27. At necropsy many dark red foci (D = 10 mm) were observed in the lungs.

CLINICAL SIGNS, SYSTEMIC:

No symptoms of systemic toxicity were observed in the animals

Body weights:

One animal of the control group lost weight during the acclimatization period. The loss of weight should be considered to be of incidental nature

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Interpretation of results:
GHS criteria not met
Conclusions:
The test substance was not considered to induce delayed contact hypersensitivity in treated animals when tested at the concentration of 25 %.
Executive summary:

A guinea pig maximization study was conducted to evaluate the skin sensitization potential of the test substance (of 80 % purity) according to OECD Guideline 406 and EU Method B.6 with few deviations. Based on the results of a preliminary study, 5 and 50 % were selected as intradermal and topical induction doses, respectively. The highest non-irritating test substance concentration used for challenge application was 50 %. After the first challenge, positive skin reactions were observed in the control group. Therefore, a second challenge was performed with an additional control group. The test substance at 50 % in vaselinum album was determined twice as the highest non-irritating concentration. However, by comparison, the second challenge did not confirm the first challenge with the test article at 50 % and the interpretation is therefore very ambiguous. Further, an additional test substance concentration of 25 % was applied in the second challenge procedure. No skin reactions were observed in the control and test group at test substance concentration of 25 %. Under the conditions of the study, the test substance was not considered to induce delayed contact hypersensitivity in treated animals when tested at the concentration of 25 %.