reaction mass of cerium(IV)oxide, praseodymium(III,IV)oxide and zirconium (IV)oxide

Flammability

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

substances / mixtures which in contact with water emit flammable gases

Data waiving:

study scientifically not necessary / other information available

Justification for data waiving:

the study does not need to be conducted because the experience in production or handling shows that the substance does not react with water, e.g. the substance is manufactured with water or washed with water

Reference 2

Endpoint:

pyrophoric solids

Data waiving:

study scientifically not necessary / other information available

Justification for data waiving:

the study does not need to be conducted because the substance is known to be stable in contact with air at room temperature for prolonged periods of time (days) and hence, the classification procedure does not need to be applied

Reference 3

Endpoint:

self-heating substances / mixtures

Data waiving:

study scientifically not necessary / other information available

Justification for data waiving:

other:

Reference 4

Endpoint:

flammable solids

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Study period:

10 June 2005 - 13 October 2005

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method A.10 (Flammability (Solids))

Version / remarks:

Cited as Directive 92/69/EEC, A.10

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

Ignition source: use of a platinum wire heated by electrical power instead of a direct flame. This modification has no effect on the conclusion.

GLP compliance:

yes

Test procedure:

burning rate test: preliminary screening test

Remarks on result:

substance does not ignite and propagate combustion either by burning with flame or smouldering along 200 mm of the powder train within the 2 minutes test period

The test item did not burn. No further testing was required.

Interpretation of results:

GHS criteria not met

Conclusions:

Cerium dioxide is not highly flammable under the conditions of the test.

Executive summary:

The determination of the flammability of cerium dioxide was performed using a powder train about 250 mm long, according to EU Method A10.

The test item did not burn. No further testing was required. Cerium dioxide is not highly flammable under the conditions of the test.

Reference 5

Endpoint:

flammable solids

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Justification for type of information:

Since no reliable studies on this endpoint are available for the reaction mass of cerium dioxide, praseodymium(III,IV) oxide and zirconium dioxide, read across was performed using studies performed with praseodymium(III,IV) oxide and cerium dioxide. No such study is available for zirconium dioxide, however, as explained below, zirconium dioxide can be concluded to be not flammable based on non-testing information. The read across justification document is attached to IUCLID Section 13.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Test procedure:

burning rate test: preliminary screening test

Remarks on result:

substance does not ignite and propagate combustion either by burning with flame or smouldering along 200 mm of the powder train within the 2 minutes test period

Remarks:

The reaction mass of cerium dioxide, praseodymium(III,IV) oxide and zirconium dioxide is not expected to be readily combustible/highly flammable. This conclusion is based on testing information for cerium dioxide and praseodymium(III,IV) oxide and non-testing information for zirconium dioxide.

Interpretation of results:

GHS criteria not met

Conclusions:

Cerium dioxide and praseodymium(III,IV) oxide have been demonstrated not to be readily combustible/highly flammable. No testing information is available for zirconium dioxide, however, inorganic oxides in which the element bound to oxygen is in its highest possible oxidation state are incapable of further reaction with oxygen and can thus be designated as non-flammable. The oxidation state of zirconium in zirconium dioxide is in its highest possible state (4+) and thus zirconium dioxide can be considered as non-flammable. Based on this information on its main constituents, the reaction mass of cerium dioxide, praseodymium(III,IV) oxide and zirconium dioxide can be considered not to be readily combustible/highly flammable either and does not need to be classified under the CLP regulation.

Reference 6

Endpoint:

flammable solids

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Study period:

17 July 2012 - 21 January 2013

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

UN Manual of Tests and Criteria: Test N.1 (Test method for readily combustible solids)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Test procedure:

burning rate test: preliminary screening test

Remarks on result:

substance does not ignite and propagate combustion either by burning with flame or smouldering along 200 mm of the powder train within the 2 minutes test period

Preliminary Screening Test

The pile of test material failed to ignite during the 2 minutes that the Bunsen flame was applied.

Burning Rate Test

Due to the results obtained during the preliminary screening test, no definitive test was performed.

Interpretation of results:

GHS criteria not met

Conclusions:

Under the conditions of this study, the test material is not a flammable or readily combustible solid.

Description of key information

No key information is available on the flammability, pyrophoricity, self-heating properties, and flammability in contact with water for the reaction mass of cerium dioxide, praseodymium(III,IV) oxide and zirconium dioxide. Given the studies and data available on these properties for the substances forming the reaction mass, namely cerium dioxide, praseodymium(III,IV) oxide and zirconium dioxide, it can be concluded that the reaction mass does not exhibit any of these physical hazards.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Flammability:

not classified

Additional information

1. Information on cerium dioxide

Based on a guideline study (Cerutti, 2005; Klimisch 1), it can be concluded that cerium dioxide is not highly flammable. Further, based on experience in day-to-day handling and use, cerium dioxide can be concluded not to be pyrophoric and not to be capable of releasing flammable gases in contact with water. Further, because there were no indications of self-heating observed during the autoflammability test, the substance is concluded to be not self-heating either.

2. Information on praseodymium(III, IV) oxide

Based on a guideline study (White, 2013; Klimisch 1), it can be concluded that praseodymium(III,IV) is not readily combustible.

Further, based on experience in day-to-day handling and use, praseodymium(III,IV) oxide can be concluded not to be pyrophoric and not to be capable of releasing flammable gases in contact with water. Further, because there were no indications of self-heating observed during the autoflammability test, the substance is concluded to be not self-heating either.

3. Information on zirconium dioxide

Zirconium dioxide is considered non-flammable since zirconium is in its highest possible oxidation state (4+) in the molecule and is therefore not capable of further reaction with oxygen. Further, based on experience in day-to-day handling and use, zirconium dioxide can be concluded not to be pyrophoric or self-heating and not to be capable of releasing flammable gases in contact with water.

4. Conclusion on the reaction mass of cerium dioxide, praseodymium(III,IV) oxide and zirconium dioxide

Based on the information available on its individual constituents, as well as experience in day-to-day handling and use, the reaction mass of cerium dioxide, praseodymium(III,IV) oxide and zirconium dioxide can be concluded no to be highly flammable/readily combustible, self-heating, pyrophoric, or capable of releasing flammable gases in contact with water.

Justification for classification or non-classification

Based on the information available on its individual constituents, as well as experience in day-to-day handling and use, the reaction mass of cerium dioxide, praseodymium(III,IV) oxide and zirconium dioxide can be concluded no to be highly flammable/readily combustible, self-heating, pyrophoric, or capable of releasing flammable gases in contact with water. It does not need to be classified for any of these endpoints under the CLP Regulation.