Diphenyl sulphide

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

06-09-2017 - 08-09-2017

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Justification for type of information:

Experimental test result using OECD guidelines.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Determination of the inhibition of the mobility of Daphnids was carried out with the substance Diphenyl sulphide (CAS No. 139-66-2) according to OECD Guideline 202.

GLP compliance:

no

Specific details on test material used for the study:

SOURCE OF TEST MATERIAL
- Source and lot/batch No.of test material: No data available
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: No data available
- Purity test date: No data available

RADIOLABELLING INFORMATION (Not applicable)
- Radiochemical purity: N/A
- Specific activity: N/A
- Locations of the label: N/A
- Expiration date of radiochemical substance: N/A

STABILITY AND STORAGE CONDITIONS OF TEST MATERIAL
- Storage condition of test material: No data available
- Stability under test conditions: No data available
- Solubility and stability of the test substance in the solvent/vehicle: No data available
- Reactivity of the test substance with the solvent/vehicle of the cell culture medium: No data available

TREATMENT OF TEST MATERIAL PRIOR TO TESTING
- Treatment of test material prior to testing: No data available
- Preliminary purification step (if any): No data available
- Final dilution of a dissolved solid, stock liquid or gel: No data available
- Final preparation of a solid: No data available

FORM AS APPLIED IN THE TEST (if different from that of starting material): No data available

OTHER SPECIFICS: No data available

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

yes

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
The stock solution 10.0 g/L was prepared by dissolving light yellow liquid in acetone. The test solutions of required concentrations were prepared by mixing the stock solution of the test sample in reconstituted test water.

- Controls: Reconstituted water as specified in OECD 202, used as a control and for sample dilution.

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Water flea
- Strain/clone: Straus
- Source: Own breeding at University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague
- Age: Young daphnids, aged less than 24 hours used at the start of the test and they should not be first brood progeny.
- Feeding during test : Without feeding

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: No data available
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): No data available
- Type and amount of food: No data available
- Feeding frequency: No data available
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): No data available

QUARANTINE (wild caught)
- Duration: No data available
- Health/mortality: No data available

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Remarks on exposure duration:

± 1 h

Post exposure observation period:

No data available

Hardness:

No data available

Test temperature:

20 °C ± 1 °C

pH:

Sample at concentration 5.2 mg/L: pH = 7.9 changed to pH = 7.8 during the test,
Control: pH = 7.9 changed to pH = 7.8 during the test.
Control+acetone: pH = 7.8 did not change during the test.

Dissolved oxygen:

Higher than 7.7 mg/L both in the control and the sample.

Salinity:

No data available

Conductivity:

No data available

Nominal and measured concentrations:

0, 0, 0.10, 0.22, 0.48, 1.10, 2.30 and 5.20 mg/L.

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 50 ml glass vessel
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 25 ml
- Aeration: No data available
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5 pieces
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): No data available
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): No data available
- Biomass loading rate: No data available

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Natural water (surface or ground water), reconstituted water or dechlorinated tap water are acceptable as culturing and dilution water if D. magna survives in it for the duration of the culturing, acclimation and testing without showing signs of stress. Waters in the range pH 6 to pH 9, with hardness between 140 mg/l and 275 mg/l (as CaCO3) are recommended.As an example, the preparation of dilution water meeting the requirements is described below.Dissolve known quantities of reagents in water. The dilution water prepared shall have a pH of 7.8 ± 0.5, a hardness of (225 ± 50) mg/l (expressed as CaCO3), a molar Ca + Mg ratio close to 4 + 1 and a dissolved oxygen concentration above 7 mg/l.

Prepare the solutions specified below:
- Calcium chloride solution: Dissolve 117.6 g of calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl2.2H2O) in water (4.2) and make up to 1 l with water (4.2).
- Magnesium sulfate solution: Dissolve 49.3 g of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (MgSO4.7H2O) in water (4.2) and make up to 1 l with water (4.2).
- Sodium bicarbonate solution: Dissolve 25.9 g of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) in water (4.2) and make up to 1 l with water (4.2).
- Potassium chloride solution: Dissolve 2.3 g of potassium chloride (KCI) in water (4.2) and make up to 1 l with water (4.2).

Mixing
Mix 2.5 ml of each of the four solutions and make up to 1 l with water.
The dilution water shall be aerated until the dissolved oxygen concentration has reached saturation and the pH has stabilized. If necessary, adjust the pH to 7.8 ± 0.5 by adding sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution or hydrochloric acid (HCI). The dilution water prepared in this way shall not be further aerated before use.

- Sodium hydroxide solution, e.g. [NaOH] : 1 mol/l.
- Hydrochloric acid, e.g. [HCl] : 1 mol/l.

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: Without adjustment
- Photoperiod: No - Darkness

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : EC50 was calculated using nonlinear regression by the software Prism 4.0 (GraphPad Software, Inc., San Diego CA).

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7)

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

0.84 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks on result:

other: 95% CL: 0.63 - 1.13 mg/L

Details on results:

No data available

Results with reference substance (positive control):

- Results with reference substance valid
- 24h EC50 = 0.76 mg/L K2Cr2O7

Reported statistics and error estimates:

No data available

Control solution: Reconstituted water without the sample, 0 % of the daphnids were immobilized at the end of test, 5% of the daphnids were immobilized at the end of test in control + acetone.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

The median effective concentration (EC50) for the test substance, Diphenyl sulphide (CAS No. 139-66-2) in Daphnia magna was determined to be 0.84 mg/L with 95% confidence limit of 0.63 to 1.13 mg/L on the basis of mobility inhibition effects in a 48 hours of study.

Executive summary:

Determination of the inhibition of the mobility of Daphnids was carried out with the substance Diphenyl sulphide according to OECD Guideline 202. The stock solution 10.0 g/L was prepared by dissolving light yellow liquid in acetone. The test solutions of required concentrations were prepared by mixing the stock solution of the test sample in reconstituted test water and tested at the concentrations of 0, 0, 0.10, 0.22, 0.48, 1.10, 2.30 and 5.20 mg/L. Effects on immobilisation were observed for 48 hours. The test was performed under static conditions in a fresh water system at a temperature of 20 °C± 1 °C. EC50 was calculated.

The median effective concentration (EC50) for the test substance, Diphenyl sulphide, in Daphnia magna was determined to be 0.84 mg/L for immobilisation effects with 95% confidence limit of 0.63 to 1.13 mg/L.

Thus, it can be concluded that Diphenyl sulphide (CAS No. 139-66-2) exhibits toxicity to aquatic invertebrates (Daphnia magna) in the acute 1 classification category. Also, the substance is not rapidly degradable, the final classification of the substance Diphenyl sulphide (CAS No. 139-66-2) for aquatic invertebrates was considered to be ''Acute category 1'' as well as ''Chronic category 1'' as per criteria of CLP.

Description of key information

The median effective concentration (EC50) for the test substance, Diphenyl sulphide (CAS No. 139-66-2) in Daphnia magna was determined to be 0.84 mg/L with 95% confidence limit of 0.63 to 1.13 mg/L on the basis of mobility inhibition effects in a 48 hours of study.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water invertebrates

Fresh water invertebrates

Effect concentration:

0.84 mg/L

Additional information

Determination of the inhibition of the mobility of Daphnids was carried out with the substance Diphenyl sulphide according to OECD Guideline 202. The stock solution 10.0 g/L was prepared by dissolving light yellow liquid in acetone. The test solutions of required concentrations were prepared by mixing the stock solution of the test sample in reconstituted test water and tested at the concentrations of 0, 0, 0.10, 0.22, 0.48, 1.10, 2.30 and 5.20 mg/L. Effects on immobilisation were observed for 48 hours. The test was performed under static conditions in a fresh water system at a temperature of 20 °C± 1 °C. EC50 was calculated.

The median effective concentration (EC50) for the test substance, Diphenyl sulphide, in Daphnia magna was determined to be 0.84 mg/L for immobilisation effects with 95% confidence limit of 0.63 to 1.13 mg/L.

Thus, it can be concluded that Diphenyl sulphide (CAS No. 139-66-2) exhibits toxicity to aquatic invertebrates (Daphnia magna) in the acute 1 classification category. Also, the substance is not rapidly degradable, the final classification of the substance Diphenyl sulphide (CAS No. 139-66-2) for aquatic invertebrates was considered to be aquatic ''Acute category 1'' as well as ''Chronic category 1'' as per criteria of CLP.