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EC number: 203-109-3 | CAS number: 103-41-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- From 2017-04-25 to 2017-04-28
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2011
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2016
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: 0.00632 - 0.0200 - 0.0632 - 0.200 - 0.632 - 2.00 mg/L
- Sampling method: All concentration levels and the control were analytically verified via GC-MS after 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours (end of the exposure).
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: All samples were stored at 6 ± 2 °C until sample preparation and at room temperature until the start of the analysis (on an autosampler). - Vehicle:
- yes
- Remarks:
- DMSO
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: The stock solutions were prepared in measuring flasks (10 or 20 mL capacity) by weighing out appropriate amounts of the test item and transferring it into the measuring glass flasks. Thereafter, the flasks were filled up with DMSO to 10 and 20 mL. The test concentrations were prepared by adding 0.1 mL/L of the appropriate stock solutions to the dilution water.
- Test concentrations: 0.00632 - 0.0200 - 0.0632 - 0.200 - 0.632 -2.00 mg/L
- Control: Test water was used without addition of the test item. - Test organisms (species):
- Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (previous names: Raphidocelis subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Strain: HINDAK, SAG 61.81
- Method of cultivation: Fresh stocks are prepared every month on Z-Agar. Light intensity amounted to 2567 - 5130 lux for 24 hours per day.
- Culture medium: Nutrient medium Z according to Lüttge et al. (1994) - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Hardness:
- 0.24 mmol Ca+Mg/L
- Test temperature:
- 22 – 23°C
- pH:
- 7.97-9.41
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations: 0.00632 - 0.0200 - 0.0632 - 0.200 - 0.632 - 2.00 mg/L
Measured concentrations (time weighted average test item concentration): 0.00435 - 0.0200 - 0.0486 - 0.156 - 0.411 - 1.72 mg/L - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Sterile headspace flasks
- Type: closed
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 59 mL, with aluminum tops with PTFE seals
- Initial cells density: 8548 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes, As recommended in OECD TG 201
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: yes
- Photoperiod: 24 hours/day light
- Light intensity and quality: Mean light intensity: 5719 lux (range: 5030 to 6284 lux)
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: The cell density was measured daily via Chlorophyll a-fluorescence, excitation at 436 nm, emission at 685 nm.
- Microscopic evaluation: Microscopic evaluation of the cells at the start and the end of the incubation period was carried out. The cells were checked for unusual cell shapes, colour differences, differences in chloroplast morphology, flocculation, adherence of algae to test containers and agglutination of algae cells. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.386 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 0.122 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.049 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.156 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.158 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 0.043 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: yiield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.004 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Details on results:
- - Microscopic Examination: no morphological abnormalities. There was no statistically significant difference between the control and solvent control regarding growth rate and yield.
- Physico-chemical data: The environmental conditions (pH-value, room temperature, light intensity) were determined to be within the acceptable limits. The test media were clear throughout the exposure phase.
- Analytical data: The measured concentrations of the test item at the start of the exposure (0 hours) ranged from 99% to 191% of the nominal test item concentrations. After 24 hours the measured concentrations of the test item were between 77% and 187%, after 48 hours between 38% and 80% and at the end of the exposure between- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? Yes
- EC50: most recent test: yield 0.230 mg/L (95% CI: 0.179-0.322), growth rate 0.435 mg/L (95% CI: 0.414-0.458)Mean cell densities (3 replicates):
TWA concentration (mg/L) cell densities (cells/mL) 0h 24h 48h 72h 1.72000 8548 5222 3171 < LOQ 0.41100 8548 18686 30081 74777 0.15600 8548 31444 81801 378219 0.04860 8548 41915 150738 629554 0.02000 8548 40900 189068 659731 0.00435 8548 43748 187871 715559 solvent control 8548 41210 199883 721426 control 8548 47684 224605 739592 Evaluation after 72h
TWA concentration (mg/L) growth rate (d-1) % inhibition yield (cells/mL) % inhibition 1.72000 n.a. 100 n.a. 100 0.41100 0.691 53 66229 91 0.15600 1.26 15 369671 48 0.04860 1.43 3 621006 13 0.02000 1.45 2 651183 9 0.00435 1.48 0 707011 1 solvent control 1.48 712878 control 1.49 731044 Measured concentrations
Nominal
Test item
Concentration
(mg/L)Time weighted average
Test item
Concentration
(mg/L)2.00 1.72 0.632 0.411 0.200 0.156 0.0632 0.0486 0.0200 0.0200 0.00632 0.00435 - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- In this study, the test item was found to inhibit the growth of the freshwater green alga Pseudokirchnerielia subcapitata after 72 hours with the following effect values (based on time weighted average test item concentration): The EC50-values with 95% confidence intervals for inhibition of growth rate (ErC50) and yield (EyC50) after 72 hours were 0.386 (0.349 - 0.434) mg/L and 0.158 (0.139 - 0.178) mg/L, respectively. The EC10-values with 95% confidence intervals for inhibition of growth rate (ErC10) and yield (EyC10) after 72 hours were 0.122 (0.0906 - 0.162) mg/L and 0.0435 (0.0227 - 0.0640) mg/L, respectively. The NOEC-values for inhibition of growth rate and yield after 72 hours were 0.0486 and 0.00435 mg/L, respectively.
Reference
Description of key information
ErC50 (72 h) = 0.386 mg/L (TWA;Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata; OECD 201)
ErC10 (72 h) = 0.0.122 mg/L (TWA; Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata; OECD 201)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 0.386 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 0.122 mg/L
Additional information
For this endpoint one test is available. The influence of test item on the growth of the freshwater green algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was assessed in a study conducted according to OECD Guideline 201 and GLP.
The study was performed under static conditions. For preparing the sock solutions a slow stirring procedure was not appropriate since the test item hydrolysis fastly. Therefore, to achieve the maximum solubility of the test item DMSO was used as a solvent. Six test item concentrations were tested in a geometrical series with a dilution factor of 3.16: 0.00632 - 0.0200 - 0.0632 - 0.200 - 0.632 - 2.00 mg/L.
All concentration levels and the (solvent) control were analytically verified via GC-MS after 0 (start of exposure), 24, 48 and 72 hours (end of the exposure). Analytical monitoring also comprised the degradation product Benzylalcohol.
Using the sum of the measured concentrations of the test item and the calculated amount resulted from the metabolite (molecular ratio was taken into account) the time weighted average (TWA) concentrations were calculated (0.00435 – 0.02 – 0.0486 – 0.156 – 0.411 – 1.72 mg/L).
The EC50-values with for inhibition of growth rate and yield after 72 hours were 0.386 mg/L and 0.158 mg/L, respectively. The EC10-values for inhibition of growth rate and yield after 72 hours were 0.122 mg/L and 0.0435 mg/L, respectively.
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