Alcohols, C16-18

Toxicity to microorganisms

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

toxicity to microorganisms, other

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Justification for type of information:

Alcohols, C16-18 is a member and is from Long Chain Alcohols (C6-22 primary aliphatic alcohols) category.
The Long Chain Alcohols (C6-22 primary aliphatic alcohols) category is considered suitable as a source of data for Alcohols, C16-18.
Considered valid for read-across for purposes of classification.
No further vertebrate testing can be justified.

Long Chain Alcohols (C6-22 primary aliphatic alcohols) category covers a family of 30 primary aliphatic alcohols within a carbon chain length range of C6-C22. Commercial products generally include several aliphatic alcohol components, with a range of carbon chain lengths present. The family consists of alcohols with varying compositions and structures. Composition depends on the route to manufacture and the related feedstocks. Most of the alcohols have linear carbon chains but certain manufacturing processes create branched structures. Data are also available for eleven other similar substances, which support the category. Non-sponsored alcohols may not be HPV or may not be produced by members of the consortium, but have structures similar to sponsored linear alcohols.

Key points are that the members share:
• The same structural features
• Similar metabolic pathways
• Common mode of ecotoxicological action
• Common levels and mode of human health related effects.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across: supporting information

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: ISO 10712

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Toxicity threshold test in Pseudomonas putida based on cell multiplication

GLP compliance:

not specified

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Vehicle:

no

Test organisms (species):

Pseudomonas putida

Details on inoculum:

- Laboratory culture: Stock cultures of Pseudomonas putida kept on nutrient medium in agar slant tubes. For onward culturing of the test strain, new stock cultures prepared at intervals of 1 week.

- Preparation of inoculum for exposure: Determine the extinction of the monochromatic radioation at 436 nm for a 10mm layer of the bacterial suspension by photoelectric measurement. On the bases of the values thus measured, adjust the final turbidity value of the bacterial suspension by means of sterile saline in such a way that the extinction value for a measuring sample that has been subject to onward dilution 1 + 9 with saline will correspond to the extinction value of a Formazin standard suspension TE/F/436nm = 10.

Test type:

other: Cell multiplication inhibition test

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

16 h

Remarks on exposure duration:

Incubation period

Hardness:

Not reported

Test temperature:

25 degC

pH:

Not reported

Dissolved oxygen:

Not reported

Salinity:

na

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 300 ml Erlenmeyer flasks, stoppered with cotton-lined plastic cups

- Test vessel content: 80ml culture liquid, 5ml stock solution I, 5ml stock solution II, and 10ml each of bacterial suspension (or 10ml each of saline for the dilution series not inoculated)

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Double distilled water

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: Pollutant solution neutralised by addition of small amount acid or alkaline solution, in such a way that the volume added is kept as small as possible.

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable)
- Concentration of the bacterial suspension measured turbidimetrically, and expressed as extinction of the primary light of monochromatic radiation at 436nm for a layer 10mm thick. The concentration at which the inhibitory action of a pollutant starts will be present in that step of a dilution series of the pollutant having an extinction value at the end of the test period that is ¿3% below the mean value of extinction for non-toxic dilutions of the test cultures.


TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: Four parallel dilution series, 1:2 to 1:2E+14 v/v. One series inoculated, one not.

Reference substance (positive control):

not required

Remarks:

not applicable

Duration:

16 h

Dose descriptor:

other: TT or EC3

Effect conc.:

> 50 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: cell multiplication inhibition

Remarks on result:

other: TT/EC3/(~NOEC) :

Details on results:

A toxicity threshold (TT) value for bacteria (Pseudomonas putida) of >50 mg/l was determined in a reliable study conducted according to generally accepted scientific principles.
This toxicity study is classified as acceptable and satisfies the guideline requirement to assess toxicity to bacteria.
Results synopsis
TT/EC3/(~NOEC) : 16hr: >50 mg/l

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

A toxicity threshold (~NOEC) of >5 0 mg/l was observed.
Based on the results of this study, this substance is predicted to have low toxicity to bacteria or waste water treatment systems.

Executive summary:

 

In an standard study to assess the toxicity tto bacteria, Psuedomonas Putida were exposed to the substance at nominal concentrations and under static conditions. A toxicity threshold (or EC3) of > 50 mg/l was observed. Based on the results of this study, this substance has low toxicity to bacteria or waste water treatment systems.

This toxicity study is classified as acceptable and satisfies the guideline requirement to assess toxicity to bacteria.

Results synopsis

TT/EC3/(~NOEC) : 16hr: > 50 mg/l

Reference 2

Endpoint:

activated sludge respiration inhibition testing

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Justification for type of information:

Alcohols, C16-18 is a member and is from Long Chain Alcohols (C6-22 primary aliphatic alcohols) category.
The Long Chain Alcohols (C6-22 primary aliphatic alcohols) category is considered suitable as a source of data for Alcohols, C16-18.
Considered valid for read-across for purposes of classification.
No further vertebrate testing can be justified.

Long Chain Alcohols (C6-22 primary aliphatic alcohols) category covers a family of 30 primary aliphatic alcohols within a carbon chain length range of C6-C22. Commercial products generally include several aliphatic alcohol components, with a range of carbon chain lengths present. The family consists of alcohols with varying compositions and structures. Composition depends on the route to manufacture and the related feedstocks. Most of the alcohols have linear carbon chains but certain manufacturing processes create branched structures. Data are also available for eleven other similar substances, which support the category. Non-sponsored alcohols may not be HPV or may not be produced by members of the consortium, but have structures similar to sponsored linear alcohols.

Key points are that the members share:
• The same structural features
• Similar metabolic pathways
• Common mode of ecotoxicological action
• Common levels and mode of human health related effects.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across: supporting information

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: OECD Oxygen Consumption Test

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Method: German standard methods for the examination of water, waste water and sludge; bioassays (group L); determination of the inhibitory effect of waste water on the oxygen consumption of pseudomonas putida (L 27); DIN 38412 part 27.
The oxygen consumption rate of a bacterial suspension fed with glucose as nutrient base is measured after a contact time of 30 minutes. The oxygen consumption rate of the same bacterial suspension in the presence of various concentrations of a test substance under otherwise identicl conditions is also measured. The inhibitory effect of the test substance at a particular concentration is expressed as a percentage of the mean oxygen consumption rates of the controls. An EC0 value can be determined from these measurements.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Vehicle:

no

Test organisms (species):

Pseudomonas putida

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

30 min

Details on test conditions:

The oxygen consumption rate of a bacterial suspension fed with glucose as nutrient base is measured after a contact time of 30 minutes. The oxygen consumption rate of the same bacterial suspension in the presence of various concentrations of a test substance under otherwise identicl conditions is also measured. The inhibitory effect of the test substance at a particular concentration is expressed as a percentage of the mean oxygen consumption rates of the controls. An EC0 value can be determined from these measurements.

Reference substance (positive control):

not specified

Duration:

30 min

Dose descriptor:

EC0

Effect conc.:

10 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Remarks on result:

other: non-toxic at the limit of solubility

Duration:

30 min

Dose descriptor:

EC10

Effect conc.:

> 10 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Remarks on result:

other: non-toxic at the limit of solubility

Details on results:

Acute toxicity to Microorganism (Pseudomonas putida): 30min-EC10 is >10000 mg/L.
The water solubility of the compound is approximately 0.001 mg/l, therefore the EC50 was not achieved at the solubility limit.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

Acute toxicity to Microorganism (Pseudomonas putida): 30min-EC0 is >10000 mg/L.
The water solubility of the compound is approximately 0.001 mg/l, therefore the EC50 was not achieved at the solubility limit.

Reference 3

Endpoint:

toxicity to microorganisms, other

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Justification for type of information:

Alcohols, C16-18 is a member and is from Long Chain Alcohols (C6-22 primary aliphatic alcohols) category.
The Long Chain Alcohols (C6-22 primary aliphatic alcohols) category is considered suitable as a source of data for Alcohols, C16-18.
Considered valid for read-across for purposes of classification.
No further vertebrate testing can be justified.

Long Chain Alcohols (C6-22 primary aliphatic alcohols) category covers a family of 30 primary aliphatic alcohols within a carbon chain length range of C6-C22. Commercial products generally include several aliphatic alcohol components, with a range of carbon chain lengths present. The family consists of alcohols with varying compositions and structures. Composition depends on the route to manufacture and the related feedstocks. Most of the alcohols have linear carbon chains but certain manufacturing processes create branched structures. Data are also available for eleven other similar substances, which support the category. Non-sponsored alcohols may not be HPV or may not be produced by members of the consortium, but have structures similar to sponsored linear alcohols.

Key points are that the members share:
• The same structural features
• Similar metabolic pathways
• Common mode of ecotoxicological action
• Common levels and mode of human health related effects.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across: supporting information

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: ISO 10712

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Toxicity threshold test in Pseudomonas putida based on cell multiplication

GLP compliance:

not specified

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Vehicle:

no

Test organisms (species):

Pseudomonas putida

Details on inoculum:

- Laboratory culture: Stock cultures of Pseudomonas putida kept on nutrient medium in agar slant tubes. For onward culturing of the test strain, new stock cultures prepared at intervals of 1 week.

- Preparation of inoculum for exposure: Determine the extinction of the monochromatic radioation at 436 nm for a 10mm layer of the bacterial suspension by photoelectric measurement. On the bases of the values thus measured, adjust the final turbidity value of the bacterial suspension by means of sterile saline in such a way that the extinction value for a measuring sample that has been subject to onward dilution 1 + 9 with saline will correspond to the extinction value of a Formazin standard suspension TE/F/436nm = 10.

Test type:

other: Cell multiplication inhibition test

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

16 h

Remarks on exposure duration:

Incubation period

Hardness:

Not reported

Test temperature:

25 degC

pH:

Not reported

Dissolved oxygen:

Not reported

Salinity:

na

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 300 ml Erlenmeyer flasks, stoppered with cotton-lined plastic cups

- Test vessel content: 80ml culture liquid, 5ml stock solution I, 5ml stock solution II, and 10ml each of bacterial suspension (or 10ml each of saline for the dilution series not inoculated)

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Double distilled water

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: Pollutant solution neutralised by addition of small amount acid or alkaline solution, in such a way that the volume added is kept as small as possible.

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable)
- Concentration of the bacterial suspension measured turbidimetrically, and expressed as extinction of the primary light of monochromatic radiation at 436nm for a layer 10mm thick. The concentration at which the inhibitory action of a pollutant starts will be present in that step of a dilution series of the pollutant having an extinction value at the end of the test period that is ¿3% below the mean value of extinction for non-toxic dilutions of the test cultures.


TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: Four parallel dilution series, 1:2 to 1:2E+14 v/v. One series inoculated, one not.

Reference substance (positive control):

not required

Remarks:

not applicable

Duration:

16 h

Dose descriptor:

other: TT or EC3

Effect conc.:

62 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: cell multiplication inhibition

Remarks on result:

other: TT/EC3/(~NOEC) :

Details on results:

A toxicity threshold (TT) value for bacteria (Pseudomonas putida) of 62 mg/l was determined in a reliable study conducted according to generally accepted scientific principles.
This toxicity study is classified as acceptable and satisfies the guideline requirement to assess toxicity to bacteria.
Results synopsis
TT/EC3/(~NOEC) : 16hr: = 62 mg/l

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

A toxicity threshold (~NOEC) of 62 mg/l was observed.
Based on the results of this study, this substance is predicted to have low toxicity to bacteria or waste water treatment systems.

Executive summary:

In an standard study to assess the toxicity tto bacteria, Psuedomonas Putida were exposed to the substance at nominal concentrations and under static conditions. A toxicity threshold (or EC3) of 62mg/l was observed. Based on the results of this study, this substance has low toxicity to bacteria or waste water treatment systems.

This toxicity study is classified as acceptable and satisfies the guideline requirement to assess toxicity to bacteria.

Results synopsis

TT/EC3/(~NOEC) : 16hr: = 62 mg/l

Reference 4

Endpoint:

toxicity to microorganisms, other

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

test procedure in accordance with national standard methods with acceptable restrictions

Justification for type of information:

Alcohols, C16-18 is a member and is from Long Chain Alcohols (C6-22 primary aliphatic alcohols) category.
The Long Chain Alcohols (C6-22 primary aliphatic alcohols) category is considered suitable as a source of data for Alcohols, C16-18.
Considered valid for read-across for purposes of classification.
No further vertebrate testing can be justified.

Long Chain Alcohols (C6-22 primary aliphatic alcohols) category covers a family of 30 primary aliphatic alcohols within a carbon chain length range of C6-C22. Commercial products generally include several aliphatic alcohol components, with a range of carbon chain lengths present. The family consists of alcohols with varying compositions and structures. Composition depends on the route to manufacture and the related feedstocks. Most of the alcohols have linear carbon chains but certain manufacturing processes create branched structures. Data are also available for eleven other similar substances, which support the category. Non-sponsored alcohols may not be HPV or may not be produced by members of the consortium, but have structures similar to sponsored linear alcohols.

Key points are that the members share:
• The same structural features
• Similar metabolic pathways
• Common mode of ecotoxicological action
• Common levels and mode of human health related effects.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across: supporting information

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: OECD Oxygen Consumption Test

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Method: other: OECD Oxygen Consumption Test
German standard methods for the examination of water, waster water and sludge; bioassays (group L); determination of the inhibitory effect of waste water on the oxygen consumption of Pseudomonas putida (L 27); DIN 38412 part 27.

GLP compliance:

yes

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Vehicle:

no

Test organisms (species):

Pseudomonas putida

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

30 min

Details on test conditions:

The oxygen consumption rate of a bacterial suspension fed glucose as nutrient base is measured after a contact time of 30 minutes. The oxygen consumption rate of the same bacterial suspension in the presence of various concentrations of a test substance under otherwise identical conditions is also measured.

Reference substance (positive control):

not specified

Key result

Duration:

30 min

Dose descriptor:

EC0

Effect conc.:

> 10 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Remarks on result:

other: non-toxic at the limit of solubility,

Details on results:

Acute toxicity to Microorganism (Pseudomonas putida): 30min-EC0 is >10000 mg/L.
The water solubility of the compound is approximately 0.001 mg/l, therefore the EC50 was not achieved at the solubility limit.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

Acute toxicity to Microorganism (Pseudomonas putida): 30min-EC0 is >10000 mg/L.
The water solubility of the compound is approximately 0.001 mg/l, therefore the EC50 was not achieved at the solubility limit.

Description of key information

Acute toxicity to Microorganism (Pseudomonas putida): 30min-EC0 is >10000 mg/L.
The water solubility of the compound is approximately 0.001 mg/l, therefore the EC50 was not achieved at the solubility limit.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

EC50 for microorganisms:

50 000 mg/L

EC10 or NOEC for microorganisms:

10 000 mg/L

Additional information

Acute toxicity to Microorganism (Pseudomonas putida): 30min-EC0 is >10000 mg/L. The water solubility of the compound is approximately 0.001 mg/l, therefore the EC50 was not achieved at the solubility limit.