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Ecotoxicological information

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria

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Endpoint:
toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
January 1995
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
Version / remarks:
Richtlinie 92/69/EWG
Principles of method if other than guideline:
Highest measured concentration: 5.3 mg/L
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Analytical monitoring:
yes
Details on sampling:
No details available.
Vehicle:
no
Details on test solutions:
The test item was prepared with deionised water (1g/L) and shaked for 18h. Thereafter the solution was filtrated and the DOC value determined.
Test organisms (species):
Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus)
Details on test organisms:
TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Green algea
- Strain: CHODAT (86.81 SAG)
- Source: Institut für Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene, Berlin

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: no
- Culturing media and conditions: same as test conditions
- Any deformed or abnormal cells observed: no
Test type:
static
Water media type:
freshwater
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
72 h
Test temperature:
22.5 - 22.8 °C
pH:
7.9 - 9.2
Nominal and measured concentrations:
Nominal concentrations: 0.59, 0.99, 1.8, 2.9, 5.3 mg/L
Measured concentrations (0h): 0.085, 0.82, 1.6, 3.05, 5.77 mg/L
Measured concentrations (72h): 1.01, 0.97, 1.52, 2.22, 2.81 mg/L
Details on test conditions:
TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Erlenmeyer vessel
- Type: open
- Material, fill volume: glass
- Aeration: yes
- Initial cells density: 20.000 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: 650.000 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 5
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 8

GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes, according to 92/69/EWG

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Preparation of dilution water: according to 92/69/EWG

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: yes
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Light intensity and quality: 8000 Lux, white

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED:
- Determination of cell concentrations: photometric (absorption at 685 nm)
Reference substance (positive control):
no
Key result
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
> 4.29 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (geom. mean)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
growth rate
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
> 4.29 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (geom. mean)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
biomass
Key result
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
> 4.29 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (geom. mean)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
growth rate
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
> 4.29 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (geom. mean)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
biomass
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
>= 4.29 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (geom. mean)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
growth rate
Details on results:
No negative effects on the growth and biomass wer observed in any concentration.
- Exponential growth in the control: yes
- Observation of abnormalities: no
- Unusual cell shape: no
- Colour differences: no
- Flocculation: no
- Adherence to test vessels: no
- Aggregation of algal cells: no
- Any observations that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: no

Table 1: Cell density in relation to test item concentration and time

Time weight average test item concentration [mg/L]

Replicate No.

Cell density [104cells/mL]

0h

24h

48h

72h

4.29

1

2

5

23

87

2

2

4

19

85

3

2

5

22

83

4

2

5

20

80

5

2

6

24

81

Mean

2

5

22

83

2.64

1

2

5

20

70

2

2

5

23

78

3

2

6

23

78

4

2

5

21

80

5

2

6

24

78

Mean

2

5

22

77

1.56

1

2

6

24

73

2

2

6

24

74

3

2

6

22

72

4

2

6

24

74

5

2

5

23

79

Mean

2

6

23

74

0.89

1

2

6

24

71

2

2

6

23

69

3

2

5

23

72

4

2

6

25

70

5

2

6

24

69

Mean

2

6

24

70

0.54

1

2

5

22

73

2

2

5

24

69

3

2

6

24

66

4

2

5

24

69

5

2

6

24

68

Mean

2

5

24

69

Control

1

2

6

26

65

2

2

6

27

64

3

2

6

26

63

4

2

5

26

65

5

2

6

25

69

6

2

6

26

64

7

2

5

24

67

8

2

6

24

65

Mean

2

6

26

65
Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
Conclusions:
In a growth inhibition test with green algae a EC50 and EC10 of >4.29 mg/L were determined.
Executive summary:

The toxicity of the test item to the unicellular freshwater green alga Desmodesmus subspicatus was determined according to the principles of OECD 201. The aim of the study was the determination of NOEC, LOEC, EC10- , EC20- and EC50-values of growth rate and yield over a period of 72 hours. The study was conducted under static conditions with an initial cell density of 20.000 cells/mL. A stock solution of 1 g/L was prepared with deionised water. Five concentrations were tested in a geometrical series (nominal): 0.59 - 0.99 - 1.8 - 2.9 - 5.3 mg/L. Five replicates were tested for each test item concentration and eight replicates for the control. The environmental conditions were within the acceptable limits. The concentrations of the test item in all test concentrations and the control were analytically verified by TOC Infrared analyser at the start and the end of exposure. The measured concentrations were not in the range of 20 % of the nominal values of all concentrations. Therefore, all effect values given are based on the geometric mean measured test item concentrations. The following geometric mean measured results were determined: EC50 >4.29 mg/L, EC10 >4.29 mg/L, NOEC ≥ 4.29 mg/L.

Endpoint:
toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
22. - 25.07.1997
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study with acceptable restrictions
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
Version / remarks:
Amtsblatt der Europaischen Gemeinschaft, Richtlinie 92/69/EWG
Principles of method if other than guideline:
Highest measured concentration: 3 mg/L
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Analytical monitoring:
no
Details on sampling:
The analytical determination of the stability of the test item was tested separately. Concentrations of 0.5, 1.2 and 2.4 mg/L were analyzed after 24, 48 and 72 h. The recovery rate was >80%, therefore nominal values were used for the test. Determination of Carbon with a TOC-500 Infrared analyser. No additional details available. During the test no concentrations were measured.
Vehicle:
no
Details on test solutions:
The test item was prepared with deionised water (1g/L) and shaked for 18h. Thereafter the solution was filtrated and the DOC value determined.
Test organisms (species):
Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus)
Details on test organisms:
TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Green algae
- Strain: CHODAT (86.81 SAG)
- Source: Institut für Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene, Berlin

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: no
- Culturing media and conditions: same as test conditions
- Any deformed or abnormal cells observed: no
Test type:
static
Water media type:
freshwater
Limit test:
yes
Total exposure duration:
72 h
Test temperature:
23.5 - 23.8 °C
pH:
7.7 - 9.3
Nominal and measured concentrations:
Nominal concentration: 3 mg/L
Details on test conditions:
TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Erlenmeyer vessel
- Type: open
- Material, fill volume: glass
- Aeration: yes
- Initial cells density: 20.000 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: 930.000 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 5
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 8

GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes, according to 92/69/EWG

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Preparation of dilution water: according to 92/69/EWG

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: yes
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Light intensity and quality: 8000 Lux, white

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED:
- Determination of cell concentrations: photometric (absorption at 685 nm)
Reference substance (positive control):
no
Key result
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
> 3 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
growth rate
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
> 3 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
biomass
Key result
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
> 3 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
growth rate
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
> 3 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
biomass
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
>= 3 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
growth rate
Details on results:
- Exponential growth in the control: yes
- Observation of abnormalities: no
- Unusual cell shape: no
- Colour differences: no
- Flocculation: no
- Adherence to test vessels: no
- Aggregation of algal cells: no
- Any stimulation of growth found in any treatment: no
- Any observations that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: no

Table 1: Cell density in relation to test item concentration and time

Nominal test item concentration [mg/L]

Replicate No.

Cell density [104cells/mL]

0h

24h

48h

72h

3.0

1

2

9

33

104

2

2

8

31

100

3

2

8

30

98

4

2

8

30

97

5

2

8

33

101

Mean

2

8

31

100

Control

1

2

8

33

106

2

2

7

31

95

3

2

7

32

94

4

2

7

30

89

5

2

7

31

94

6

2

7

29

87

7

2

7

29

88

8

2

6

28

90

Mean

2

7

30

93
Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
Conclusions:
In a growth inhibition test with green algae a EC50 and EC10 of >3.0 mg/L were determined.
Executive summary:

The toxicity of the test item to the unicellular freshwater green alga Desmodesmus subspicatus was determined according to the principles of OECD 201. The aim of the study was the determination of NOEC, LOEC, EC10- , EC20- and EC50-values of growth rate and yield over a period of 72 hours. The study was conducted under static conditions with an initial cell density of 20.000 cells/mL. A stock solution of 1 g/L was prepared with deionised water. One concentration was tested: 3.0 mg/L. Five replicates were tested for the test item concentration and eight replicates for the control. The environmental conditions were within the acceptable limits. The analytical determination of the stability of the test item was tested separately. Concentrations of 0.5, 1.2 and 2.4 mg/L were analyzed after 24, 48 and 72 h. The recovery rate was >80%, therefor nominal values were used for the test. During the test no concentrations were measured. Therefore, all effect values given are based on the geometric mean measured test item concentrations. The following geometric mean measured results were determined: EC50 >3.0 mg/L, EC10 >3.0 mg/L, NOEC ≥ 3.0 mg/L.

Endpoint:
toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Type of information:
read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
Adequacy of study:
key study
Justification for type of information:
See read-across justification attached to section 13.
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
read-across source
Key result
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
> 4.29 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (geom. mean)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
growth rate
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
> 4.29 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (geom. mean)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
biomass
Key result
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
> 4.29 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (geom. mean)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
growth rate
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
> 4.29 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (geom. mean)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
biomass
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
>= 4.29 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (geom. mean)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
growth rate
Endpoint:
toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Type of information:
read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
Adequacy of study:
key study
Justification for type of information:
See read-across justification attached to section 13.
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
read-across source
Key result
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
> 3 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
growth rate
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
> 3 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
biomass
Key result
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
> 3 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
growth rate
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
> 3 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
biomass
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
>= 3 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
growth rate

Description of key information

No data on the test item is available. With the read-across substances the following results were obtained:

CAS 68583-51-7: EC50 >4.29 mg/L, EC10 >4.29 mg/L, NOEC ≥ 4.29 mg/L.

CAS 853947-59-8: EC50 >3.0 mg/L, EC10 >3.0 mg/L, NOEC ≥ 3.0 mg/L.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
3 mg/L

Additional information

No data on the test item is available. With the read-across substances the following results were obtained:

The toxicity of the read across substance CAS 68583-51-7 to the unicellular freshwater green alga Desmodesmus subspicatus was determined according to the principles of OECD 201. The aim of the study was the determination of NOEC, LOEC, EC10- , EC20- and EC50-values of growth rate and yield over a period of 72 hours. The study was conducted under static conditions with an initial cell density of 20.000 cells/mL. A stock solution of 1 g/L was prepared with deionised water. Five concentrations were tested in a geometrical series (nominal): 0.59 - 0.99 - 1.8 - 2.9 - 5.3 mg/L. Five replicates were tested for each test item concentration and eight replicates for the control. The environmental conditions were within the acceptable limits. The concentrations of the test item in all test concentrations and the control were analytically verified by TOC Infrared analyser at the start and the end of exposure. The measured concentrations were not in the range of 20 % of the nominal values of all concentrations. Therefore, all effect values given are based on the geometric mean measured test item concentrations. The following geometric mean measured results were determined: EC50 >4.29 mg/L, EC10 >4.29 mg/L, NOEC ≥ 4.29 mg/L.

The toxicity of the read-across substance CAS 853947-59-8 to the unicellular freshwater green alga Desmodesmus subspicatus was determined according to the principles of OECD 201. The aim of the study was the determination of NOEC, LOEC, EC10- , EC20- and EC50-values of growth rate and yield over a period of 72 hours. The study was conducted under static conditions with an initial cell density of 20.000 cells/mL. A stock solution of 1 g/L was prepared with deionised water. One concentration was tested: 3.0 mg/L. Five replicates were tested for the test item concentration and eight replicates for the control. The environmental conditions were within the acceptable limits. The analytical determination of the stability of the test item was tested separately. Concentrations of 0.5, 1.2 and 2.4 mg/L were analyzed after 24, 48 and 72 h. The recovery rate was >80%, therefor nominal values were used for the test. During the test no concentrations were measured. Therefore, all effect values given are based on the geometric mean measured test item concentrations. The following geometric mean measured results were determined: EC50 >3.0 mg/L, EC10 >3.0 mg/L, NOEC ≥ 3.0 mg/L.