Alkanes, C13-14

Short-term toxicity to fish

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

August - December 1996

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: This robust summary has a reliability rating of 1 because the study followed a standard guideline, followed GLP guidelines, and was conducted without deviations that would invalidate the study.

Justification for type of information:

A discussion and report on the read across strategy is given as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across: supporting information

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

Samples for analysis of new and old test solutions were taken new at 0 hours (test initiation), new and old at 24, 48, and 72 hours, and old at 96 hours.

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

The water accommodated fractions of the test material were prepared by stirring the test material at each loading level in the exposure solution for 21 to 24.5 hours with a 1.5 to 2 hour settling period, after which each aqueous phase was removed and added to a test system. An equilibration study was conducted over a period of 72 hours prior to the definitive study to determine the approximate length of time needed to stir the test substance in the test media to acheive a saturated solution. Results suggested that a stirring period of 20 to 28 hours would be sufficient to reach equilibrium.

Test organisms (species):

Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri)

Details on test organisms:

Fish were obtained from Brow Well Fisheries Ltd, Hebden, Yorkshire, UK, and acclimated to the test conditions for more than nine days before use. The seven control fish at test termination had a mean length of 4.0 cm and a mean weight of 0.53 g.

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Post exposure observation period:

None

Hardness:

149 to 164 mg/L CaCO3

Test temperature:

14.7 to 16.3 degrees C

pH:

7.3 to 8.2

Dissolved oxygen:

5.5 to 9.2 mg/L

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal loading rates were 0.3, 1, 3, 10, 30, and 100 mg/L. A control was also included. Based on analyses of new and old test solution samples taken new at 0 hours (test initiation), new and old at 24, 48, and 72 hours, and old at 96 hours (test termination), the nominal/measured (mean) concentration values were: control/<0.01 mg/L; 0.3/0.03 mg/L; 1/0.08 mg/L; 3/0.23 mg/L; 10/0.30 mg/L; 30/0.42 mg/L; and 100/0.36 mg/L.

Details on test conditions:

The study was conducted in closed test systems that were renewed daily with fresh treatment solution. The test systems used were 1L glass bottles. One control and six treatment test systems were filled with media and sealed without a headspace. Seven fish were exposed to each of the control and treatment solutions and were not fed during the study.

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 100 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

LL0

Effect conc.:

100 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 100 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LL0

Effect conc.:

10 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 10 - < 30 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

LL0

Effect conc.:

1 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 10 - < 30 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LL0

Effect conc.:

1 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Details on results:

Seven fish were added to the control and each treatment solution. Mortality results are as follows:

Loading Rate Mortality
(mg/L) 24 hr 48 hr 72 hr 96 hr
Control 0 0 0 1
0.3 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0
3 0 0 1 1
10 0 0 1 1
30 0 3 5 7
100 0 0 1 3

Reported statistics and error estimates:

Effect levels were estimated by visual inspection of the data, which is thought to be more appropriate than interpolative statistical analysis if the data are based on water accommodated fractions of a complex test substance with low water solubility.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

Water accommodated fractions of the test substance produced a 96-hour LL50 range of >10 to <30 mg/L and LL0 value of 1 mg/L with rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss.

Executive summary:

Water accommodated fractions of the test substance produced a 96-hour LL50 range of >10 to <30 mg/L and LL0 value of 1 mg/L with rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

November 1994

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: This robust summary has a reliability rating of 1 because the study followed a standard guideline, followed GLP guidelines, and was conducted without deviations that would invalidate the study.

Justification for type of information:

A discussion and report on the read across strategy is given as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across: supporting information

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

DO in the Day 2, 24-hour old high exposure solution fell below the 60% saturation guideline by 0.4 mg/L O2. DO was 5.5 mg/L. This is not believed to have affected the outcome of the study as DO levels on Days 3 and 4 were within guideline specifications.

GLP compliance:

yes

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

Samples were taken for analysis from selected new and 24-hour old solutions on days 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4.

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

Individual treatment solutions were prepared by adding the test substance, via syringe, to 17 L of laboratory blend water in 20 L glass carboys that were sealed to minimize volatile loss of test material. The stock solutions were mixed for 24 hours with a vortex of <10% (1-2 cm vortex). Mixing was performed using a magnetic stir plate and teflon stir bar. After mixing, the solutions were allowed to settle for one hour and the Water Accommodated Fraction (WAF) was then siphoned from the bottom of the mixing vessel and added to the test vessels. Siphons were placed in the carboys prior to adding the test material.

Test organisms (species):

Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri)

Details on test organisms:

Fish were supplied by the Thomas Fish Co. (Anderson, CA, USA) at an age of approximately 4.5 weeks, with a mean weight of 0.278 g and a mean total length of 3.2 cm. The organism loading was 0.31 g fish/L. The fish were slightly smaller than the guideline suggestion of 4.0 to 6.0 cm, and were purposely selected to help maintain oxygen levels in the closed system.

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Post exposure observation period:

None

Hardness:

Approximately 221 mg/L as CaCO3

Test temperature:

15.0 to 16.0 degrees C for the new and 24-hour old test solutions.
15.0 to 16.0 degrees C for the new and 24-hour old control solution.

pH:

7.4 to 8.6 for the new and 24-hour old test solutions.
7.3 to 8.3 for the new and 24-hour old control solution.

Dissolved oxygen:

6.0 to 8.3 mg/L for the new and 24-hour old test solutions. The 24-hour old test solution for the highest treatment level was 5.5 mg/L.
6.5 to 9.1 mg/L for the new and 24-hour old control solution.

Salinity:

Freshwater

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal treatment levels were control, 1.4, 3.2, 16.0, 36.0, and 80.0 mg/L, which measured as not detectable, 0.03, 0.10, 0.23, 0.21, and 0.51 mg/L, respectively. The measured data represent the mean values of samples taken from selected new and old solutions on days 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 that reported detected values. Results of samples reported as non detects, which occurred in the two lower treatment levels in 3 of 6 samples, were not included in the mean calculations.

Details on test conditions:

Test vessels were 4.0 L aspirator bottles containing 4.5 L of solution sealed with no headspace. Three replicates of each concentration and control were tested, each containing 5 fish. Approximately 80% of each solution was renewed daily from a freshly prepared WAF. Lighting was 59 to 73 ft. candles with 16 hours light and 8 hours dark.

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

50.9 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: 95% CL was 45.8 to 56.4

Reported statistics and error estimates:

Trimmed Spearman Karber Method

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

Water accommodated fractions of the test substance produced a 96-hour LL50 value of 50.9 mg/L with rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss.

Executive summary:

Water accommodated fractions of the test substance produced a 96-hour LL50 value of 50.9 mg/L with rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss.

Reference 3

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

January - May 1995

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: This robust summary has a reliability rating of 1 because the study followed a standard guideline, followed GLP guidelines, and was conducted without deviations that would invalidate the study.

Justification for type of information:

A discussion and report on the read across strategy is given as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across: supporting information

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

no

Test organisms (species):

Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri)

Details on test organisms:

Fish were obtained from Zeals Trout Farm, Zeals, Wiltshire, UK, and acclimated to the test conditions for more than nine days before use. A sample of seven of the fish had a mean length of 5.0 cm and a mean weight of 0.98 g.

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Post exposure observation period:

None

Hardness:

260 to 276 mg/L CaCO3

Test temperature:

15.8 to 16.2 degrees C

pH:

7.1 to 7.4

Dissolved oxygen:

8.5 to 9.2 mg/L

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal loading rates were 100, 300, and 1000 mg/L. A control was also included.

Details on test conditions:

The study was conducted in closed test systems that were renewed daily with fresh treatment solution. The test systems used were 1L glass aspirator bottles. Seven fish were exposed to each of the control and treatment solutions and were not fed during the study.

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

LL0

Effect conc.:

1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LL0

Effect conc.:

1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

LL0

Effect conc.:

1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LL0

Effect conc.:

100 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Details on results:

Seven fish were added to the control and each treatment solution. Mortality results are as follows:

Loading Rate Mortality
(mg/L) 24 hr 48 hr 72 hr 96 hr
Control 0 0 0 0
100 0 0 0 0
300 0 0 0 1
1000 0 0 0 0

Reported statistics and error estimates:

None

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

Water accommodated fractions of hydrocarbons, C9-C11, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics, produced a 96-hour LL50 value of >1000 mg/L and LL0 value of 100 mg/L with rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. No mortality was observed in the highest dose tested.

Executive summary:

Water accommodated fractions of hydrocarbons, C9-C11, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics, produced a 96-hour LL50 value of >1000 mg/L and LL0 value of 100 mg/L with rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. No mortality was observed in the highest dose tested.

Reference 4

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

May 1994

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: This robust summary has a reliability rating of 1 because the study followed a standard guideline, followed GLP guidelines, and was conducted without deviations that would invalidate the study.

Justification for type of information:

A discussion and report on the read across strategy is given as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across: supporting information

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

The water accommodated fraction of the test material was prepared by stirring the test material in the exposure solution for 22 hours after which the the aqueous phase was removed for testing.

Test organisms (species):

Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri)

Details on test organisms:

Fish were obtained from Zeals Trouit Farm, Zeals, Wiltshire, UK, and acclimated to the test conditions for more than nine days before use. A sample of seven of the fish had a mean length of 4.7 cm and a mean weight of 0.95 g.

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Post exposure observation period:

None

Hardness:

220 to 290 mg/L CaCO3

Test temperature:

15 to 17 degrees C

pH:

7.1 to 7.4

Dissolved oxygen:

9.0 to 9.8 mg/L

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal loading rate was 1000 mg/L. A control was also included.

Details on test conditions:

The study was conducted in closed test systems that were renewed daily with fresh treatment solution. The test systems used were 1L glass aspirator bottles. Seven fish were exposed to each of the control and treatment solutions and were not fed during the study.

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

LL0

Effect conc.:

1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LL0

Effect conc.:

1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

LL0

Effect conc.:

1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LL0

Effect conc.:

1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Details on results:

Seven fish were added to the control and treatment solutions. Mortality results are as follows:

Loading Rate Mortality
(mg/L) 24 hr 48 hr 72 hr 96 hr
Control 0 0 0 0
1000 0 0 0 0

Reported statistics and error estimates:

None

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

The water accommodated fraction of the test substance produced a 96-hour LL50 value of >1000 mg/L and LL0 value of 1000 mg/L with rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. No mortality was observed in either the control or treatment test systems.

Executive summary:

The water accommodated fraction of the test substance produced a 96-hour LL50 value of >1000 mg/L and LL0 value of 1000 mg/L with rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. No mortality was observed in either the control or treatment systems.

Reference 5

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

March - November 1993

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: This robust summary has a reliability rating of 1 because the study followed a standard guideline, followed GLP guidelines, and was conducted without deviations that would invalidate the study.

Justification for type of information:

A discussion and report on the read across strategy is given as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across: supporting information

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

An equilibration study was conducted prior to the study to determine the length of time needed to develop water accommodated fractions (WAFs) at the 1000 mg/L loading level. The aqueous phase of the WAF was analyzed after 1, 24, 48, and 96 hours of stirring. In all samples, the quantity of test substance in solution was less than the limit of detection (0.5 mg/L). Further analysis of test substance in test media a loading level of 1 g/L also showed no detectable amounts of test substance. Consequently, analysis of treatment solutions from the definitive study were not conducted.

Vehicle:

no

Test organisms (species):

Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri)

Details on test organisms:

Fish were obtained from Zeals Trouit Farm, Zeals, Wiltshire, UK, and acclimated to the test conditions for more than nine days before use. A sample of ten of the fish had a mean length of 4.6 cm and a mean weight of 0.97 g.

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Post exposure observation period:

None

Hardness:

242 to 340 mg/L CaCO3

Test temperature:

15 to 17 degrees C

pH:

6.7 to 7.0

Dissolved oxygen:

8.3 to 9.5 mg/L

Nominal and measured concentrations:

The nominal loading rate was 1000 mg/L. A control was also included.

Details on test conditions:

The study was conducted in closed test systems that were renewed daily with fresh treatment solution. The test systems used were 12L glass bottles. Ten fish were exposed to each of the control and treatment solutions and were not fed during the study.

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LL0

Effect conc.:

1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Details on results:

Ten fish were added to the control and treatment solution. Mortality results are as follows:

Loading Rate Mortality
(mg/L) 24 hr 48 hr 72 hr 96 hr
Control 0 0 0 0
1000 0 0 0 0

Reported statistics and error estimates:

None

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

A water accommodated fraction of the test substance produced a 96-hour LL50 value of >1000 mg/L and a LL0 value of 1000 mg/L with rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. No mortality was observed in the treatment solution.

Executive summary:

Water accommodated fractions of the test substance produced a 96-hour LL50 value of >1000 mg/L and a LL0 value of 1000 mg/L with rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. No mortality was observed in the treatment solution.

Reference 6

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

January 1986

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: see 'Remark'

Remarks:

This robust summary has a reliability rating of 2 because the study did not follow GLP and the test containers were open to the air, which allowed for some volatile loss of the test substance. The study followed a standard guideline and was conducted without deviations that would invalidate the study.

Justification for type of information:

A discussion and report on the read across strategy is given as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across: supporting information

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: Unpublished Environment Canada Guideline: Environmental Protection Service 1985; Laboratory for determining the acute lethality of a water-soluble fraction of mineral oil to rainbow trout. Environment Canada, Dartmouth, N.S. June 17.

GLP compliance:

no

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

Samples for analyses were taken at test initiation and termination.

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

The treatment solution was prepared by adding one part of the test substance to nine parts dechlorinated tap water for a total volume of 100 L in 120 L cylindrical fiberglass tanks. The tanks were covered with a sheet of polyethylene, and the stock solution was mixed for 20 hours at room temperature with a vortex of approximately 25%. Mixing was performed using a magnetic stir plate and stir bar. After mixing, the solutions were allowed to separate for four hours and the Water Accommodated Fraction (WAF) was then siphoned from the bottom of the mixing vessel and added to the test vessels. Siphons were placed in the tanks prior to adding the test material. Analytical measurements confirmed components of the test material were present in the test solution.

Test organisms (species):

Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri)

Details on test organisms:

Reported as former name, Salmo gairdneri. Juvenile trout were obtained from Loch Bras d'Or Salmon Farms in Baddeck, Nova Scotia, Canada. The fish had been maintained at a temperature of approximately 5 degrees C at the hatchery. The fish were kept in the testing laboratory in dechlorinated tap water. Prior to the start of the test, the holding water was increased in temperature to approximately 15 degrees C in 2 degrees C/day increments. Fish were fed daily until 24 hours prior to test initiation. The mean length of the fish was 45.9 mm, mean weight was 0.85 gm, and test loading was approximately 0.125 g fish/L. Fish were not fed during the exposure period.

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Post exposure observation period:

None

Test temperature:

15.3 to 18.2 degrees C for the test substance.
15.5 to 17.0 degrees C for the control.

pH:

6.7 to 7.2 for the test substance.
6.7 to 7.3 for the control.

Dissolved oxygen:

7.7 to 9.1 mg/L for the test substance.
7.6 to 10.5 mg/L for the control.

Salinity:

Freshwater

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Water accomodated fractions were prepared by adding one part of the test substance to nine parts dechlorinated tap water for a total volume of 100 L in 120 L cylindrical fiberglass tanks. The nominal loading was 792,000 mg/L. The test substance concentration was 160 ppb at test initiation and 70 ppb at termination. The control measured 40 ppb at test initiation.

Details on test conditions:

Test vessels were 60 L circular polyethylene containers with 2 L of test solution per gram of fish per 24 hours of exposure, for approximately 60 L of solution open to the air. One replicate for the concentration and one replicate for the control were tested, each containing 10 fish.

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

792 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Details on results:

No mortality was observed from a water soluble fraction of the test substance prepared at a loading of 792,000 mg/L.

Reported statistics and error estimates:

None were needed as there was no mortality.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

A water soluble fraction of the test substance prepared at a loading of 792,000 mg/L did not produce mortality to the fish, Oncorhynchus mykiss, during a 96-hour exposure period.

Executive summary:

A water soluble fraction of the test substance prepared at a loading of 792,000 mg/L did not produce mortality to the fish, Oncorhynchus mykiss, during a 96-hour exposure period. Test systems were not covered during the exposure period, but analytical results showed that constituents of the test substance were present at test initiation and termination.

Reference 7

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

January 1986

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: see 'Remark'

Remarks:

This robust summary has a reliability rating of 2 because the study did not follow GLP and the test containers were open to the air, which allowed for some volatile loss of the test substance. The study followed a standard guideline and was conducted without deviations that would invalidate the study.

Justification for type of information:

A discussion and report on the read across strategy is given as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across: supporting information

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: Unpublished Environment Canada Guideline: Environmental Protection Service 1985; Laboratory for determining the acute lethality of a water-soluble fraction of mineral oil to rainbow trout. Environment Canada, Dartmouth, N.S. June 17.

GLP compliance:

no

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

Samples for analyses were taken at test initiation and termination.

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

The treatment solution was prepared by adding one part of the test substance to nine parts dechlorinated tap water for a total volume of 100 L in 120 L cylindrical fiberglass tanks. The tanks were covered with a sheet of polyethylene, and the stock solution was mixed for 20 hours at room temperature with a vortex of approximately 25%. Mixing was performed using a magnetic stir plate and stir bar. After mixing, the solutions were allowed to separate for four hours and the Water Accommodated Fraction (WAF) was then siphoned from the bottom of the mixing vessel and added to the test vessels. Siphons were placed in the tanks prior to adding the test material. Analytical measurements confirmed components of the test material were present in the test solution.

Test organisms (species):

Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri)

Details on test organisms:

Reported as former name, Salmo gairdneri. Juvenile trout were obtained from Loch Bras d'Or Salmon Farms in Baddeck, Nova Scotia, Canada. The fish had been maintained at a temperature of approximately 5 degrees C at the hatchery. The fish were kept in the testing laboratory in dechlorinated tap water. Prior to the start of the test, the holding water was increased in temperature to approximately 15 degrees C in 2 degrees C/day increments. Fish were fed daily until 24 hours prior to test initiation. The mean length of the fish was 45.9 mm, mean weight was 0.85 gm, and test loading was approximately 0.125 g fish/L. Fish were not fed during the exposure period.

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Post exposure observation period:

None

Test temperature:

15.3 to 19.0 degrees C for the test substance.
15.5 to 17.0 degrees C for the control.

pH:

6.4 to 6.9 for the test substance.
6.7 to 7.3 for the control.

Dissolved oxygen:

7.5 to 9.2 mg/L for the test substance.
7.6 to 10.5 mg/L for the control.

Salinity:

Freshwater

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Water accomodated fractions were prepared by adding one part of the test substance to nine parts dechlorinated tap water for a total volume of 100 L in 120 L cylindrical fiberglass tanks. The nominal loading was 803,000 mg/L. The test substance concentration was 190 ppb at test initiation and 90 ppb at termination. The control measured 40 ppb at test initiation.

Details on test conditions:

Test vessels were 60 L circular polyethylene containers with 2 L of test solution per gram of fish per 24 hours of exposure, for approximately 60 L of solution open to the air. One replicate for the concentration and one replicate for the control were tested, each containing 10 fish.

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

803 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Details on results:

No mortality was observed from a water soluble fraction of the test substance prepared at a loading of 803,000 mg/L.

Reported statistics and error estimates:

None were needed as there was no mortality.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

A water soluble fraction of the test substance prepared at a loading of 803,000 mg/L did not produce mortality to the fish, Oncorhynchus mykiss, during a 96-hour exposure period.

Executive summary:

A water soluble fraction of the test substance prepared at a loading of 803,000 mg/L did not produce mortality to the fish, Oncorhynchus mykiss, during a 96-hour exposure period. Test systems were not covered during the exposure period, but analytical results showed that constituents of the test substance were present at test initiation and termination.

Description of key information

Substances identified as C9-10 hydrocarbons containing n-alkanes, isoalkanes, and cyclics, with <2% aromatics have demonstrated a range of acute fish toxicity based on results with a freshwater fish, Oncorhynchus mykiss. The effect loading results, as measured by mortality in 96-hour LL₅₀ studies, ranged from 10 to 51 mg/L.

In comparison, substances identified as C9-11 hydrocarbons, C10 -13 hydrocarbons, and C11 -14 hydrocarbons, each containing n-alkanes, isoalkanes, and cyclics, with <2% aromatics are not expected to demonstrate acute fish toxicity based on results of studies with a freshwater fish, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Each of these substances has been shown not to demonstrate effects, as measured by mortality in 96-hour LL₅₀ studies, at the highest loading levels tested, which have ranged from 1000 to greater than 10,000 mg/L.

Additional information

Substances identified as C9-10 hydrocarbons containing n-alkanes, isoalkanes, and cyclics, with <2% aromatics have demonstrated a range of acute fish toxicity based on results with a freshwater fish, Oncorhynchus mykiss. The effect loading results, as measured by mortality in 96-hour LL₅₀ studies, ranged from 10 to 51 mg/L.

In comparison, substances identified as C9-11 hydrocarbons, C10 -13 hydrocarbons, and C11 -14 hydrocarbons, each containing n-alkanes, isoalkanes, and cyclics, with <2% aromatics are not expected to demonstrate acute fish toxicity based on results of studies with a freshwater fish, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Each of these substances has been shown not to demonstrate effects, as measured by mortality in 96-hour LL₅₀ studies, at the highest loading levels tested, which have ranged from 1000 to greater than 10,000 mg/L.