Concentrates of lead and zinc compounds with sulfur resulting from hydrometallurgy (hot acid leaching, super-hot acid leaching and flotation)

Toxicity to terrestrial arthropods

Administrative data

Endpoint:

toxicity to terrestrial arthropods: long-term

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: see 'Remark'

Remarks:

meets generally accepted scientific standards, well documented and acceptable for hazard assessmentRead-across justification:Based on the mineralogical composition, lead is the main constituent in the target substance and appears in sulphate form in the substance. The target substance is a solid inorganic UVCB substance and insoluble in water. Therefore, the environmental hazard assessment and classification is based on the results of the transformation/dissolution study (OECD guidance 29) conducted for the target substance. According to the T/D study results, the readily soluble constituent is lead. Based on the hazard profile of lead it is also the most hazardous constituent of this substance. Therefore, the read-across data focuses on the properties of lead, and the ERV values and the environmental fate properties are collected from the lead and its bioavailable compounds.

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2004

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

ISO 11267 (Inhibition of Reproduction of Collembola by Soil Pollutants)

GLP compliance:

no

Application method:

soil

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Lead dichloride

EC Number:

231-845-5

EC Name:

Lead dichloride

Cas Number:

7758-95-4

Molecular formula:

Cl2Pb

IUPAC Name:

lead dichloride

Constituent 2

Reference substance name:

007758-95-4

Cas Number:

007758-95-4

IUPAC Name:

007758-95-4

Details on test material:

Test material of > 98% purity obtained from Merck, Darmstadt, Germany

Sampling and analysis

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Test substrate

Vehicle:

no

Details on preparation and application of test substrate:

PbCl2 solution was mixed into the soil.

Test organisms

Test organisms (species):

Folsomia candida

Animal group:

Collembola (soil-dwelling springtail)

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM- Folsomia candida Willem 1902- Common name: Springtail- Source: culture originated from arable land at an experimental farm, The Lovinckhoeve at Marknesse, The Netherlands. Animals were cultured in laboratory at 16 +- 1 °C, under 12:12h light:dark regime, in plastic containers with a layer of moist plaster of Paris mixed with activated charcoal (9:1 w/w) and are fed with dried baker's yeast (Oetker, Veenendaal, The Netherlands).- Age at test initiation (mean and range, SD): juveniles of 10-12 daysACCLIMATION- Acclimation period: no data

Study design

Study type:

laboratory study

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

4 wk

Test conditions

Test temperature:

20 +- 0.1 °C

pH (if soil or dung study):

6.1 (in 0.01 M CaCl2)

Humidity:

75% relative humidity

Photoperiod and lighting:

12h:12h light:dark cycle

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM- Test container (material, size): 100 ml glass jars- Amount of soil or substrate: 30 g- No. of organisms per container (treatment): 10- No. of replicates per treatment group: 5 replicatesSOURCE AND PROPERTIES OF SUBSTRATE (if soil)- soil type: natural standard soil (Landwirtschaftliche Untersuchungs- und ForschungsAnsalt, LUFA 2.2) was obtained from LUFA institute at Speyer, Germany.- Soil texture (if natural soil): no data- Organic carbon (%): 2.27- CEC: 9 meq/100g- Maximum water holding capacity (in % wet weight): 48%- Pretreatment of soil: after metal amendment, the soil was left for three weeks at room temperature to equilibrate. Half of the soil was leached with deionized water (two times the amount of water present in the soil), dried to a moisture content of 24% and left to equilibrate for one more week.EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : mortality and reproduction of F. candida: after exposure, the contents of the jars were washed into a glass beaker using 100ml of deionized water. The mixture was gently stirred to let all living animals float on the water surface. Surviving animas were counted by eye and the number of juveniles was counted on color slide of the water surface.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

nominal added test concentrations: 0, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, 8000 mg Pb/kg soil dw

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Results and discussion

Effect concentrations

Duration:

4 wk

Dose descriptor:

EC10

Effect conc.:

1 300 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Conc. based on:

element

Remarks:

Pb

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Remarks on result:

other: 95% CL: -640 - 3200 mg Pb/kg dw

Details on results:

Duration Endpoint Effect conc. nominal/measured Conc. based on Basis for effect Remarks (mg Pb/kg soil dw )4 wk EC10 1600 measured element Pb reproduction percolation4 wk LC50 2900 measured element Pb mortality no percolation4 wk LC50 2900 measured element Pb mortality percolationconcentrations were calculated based on measured values

Reported statistics and error estimates:

The logistic model of Haanstra et al. (1985), modified according to Van Bummelen et al. (1996) was used to estimated EC10 and EC50 using measured Pb concentrations in soil. The trimmed Spearman-Karber method was used to estimate the median LC50

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

Reliable study; EC10 values for reproduction in unpercolated soil used for PNEC derivation. Results for mortality and for percolated soils are presented as supporting information.