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EC number: 231-820-9 | CAS number: 7757-82-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Acute Toxicity: inhalation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: inhalation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- Experimental Starting Date: 16-Mar-2010 Experimental Completion Date: 30-Mar-2010
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Study conducted in compliance with agreed protocols, with no or minor deviations from standard test guidelines and/or minor methodological deficiencies, which do not affect the quality of the relevant results. The study report was conclusive, done to a valid guideline and the study was conducted under GLP conditions.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 010
- Report date:
- 2010
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 436 (Acute Inhalation Toxicity: Acute Toxic Class Method)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Test type:
- acute toxic class method
- Limit test:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Sodium sulphate
- EC Number:
- 231-820-9
- EC Name:
- Sodium sulphate
- Cas Number:
- 7757-82-6
- Molecular formula:
- Na2SO4
- IUPAC Name:
- disodium sulfate
- Reference substance name:
- Sodium Sulfate
- IUPAC Name:
- Sodium Sulfate
- Details on test material:
- IdeIdentification: Sodium Sulfate
Description (determined at Harlan Laboratories Ltd.) White powder
Cas Number: 7757-82-6
EINECS Number: 231-820-9
Batch Number: 20091001
Purity: ≥ 99.5%
Expiry Date (Retest Date): 30-Sep-2010
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Wistar
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Harlan Laboratories Ltd. Kreuzelweg 53 5961 NM Horst / Netherlands
- Age at study initiation: 9-10 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: females: 195.7 to 200.6 g, males: 244.7 to 273.6g
- Fasting period before study: none
- Housing: Animals were housed in groups of 3 of the same sex in Makrolon® type-IV cages with wire mesh tops and standard softwood bedding ("Lignocel" J. Rettenmaier & Söhne GmbH & Co KG, 73494 Rosenberg / Germany, imported by Provimi Kliba AG, 4303 Kaiseraugst / Switzerland).
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Animals had ad libitum access to a pelleted standard Teklad rat maintenance diet (Provimi Kliba AG, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland) batch no. 82/09, except during the period when the animals were restrained in exposure tubes.
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): Community tap water from Füllinsdorf ad libitum in water bottles, except during the period when they were restrained in exposure tubes.
- Acclimation period: for five days under laboratory conditions, after clinical health examination
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 22 ± 3 °C
- Humidity (%):30 - 70%
- Air changes (per hr): 10-15
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12
Animal Welfare
This study was performed in an AAALAC-accredited laboratory in accordance with the Swiss Animal Protection Law under license no. 397.
IN-LIFE DATES: From: To: 2010-03-16 to 2010-03-30
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- inhalation: dust
- Type of inhalation exposure:
- nose only
- Details on inhalation exposure:
- GENERATION OF TEST ATMOSPHERE / CHAMBER DESCRIPTION
- Exposure apparatus: A dust aerosol was generated from the test item using a rotating brush aerosol generator (CR3020) connected to a micronizing jet mill. The aerosol generated was then discharged into the exposure chamber through a 63Ni charge neutralizer.
- Exposure chamber volume: not applicable
- Method of holding animals in test chamber: The animals were confined separately in restraint tubes which were positioned radially around the flow-past, nose-only exposure chamber
- Source and rate of air: compressed air was supplied by means of an oil free compressor and passed respiratory quality filters before it was introduced into the exposure system
- Method of conditioning air: respiratory quality filters
- System of generating particulates/aerosols: A dust aerosol was generated from the test item using a rotating brush aerosol generator (CR3020) connected to a micronizing jet mill. The aerosol generated was then discharged into the exposure chamber through a 63Ni charge neutralizer.
- Method of particle size determination: Mercer impactor
- Treatment of exhaust air: filtered
- Temperature, humidity, pressure in air chamber: 22.5°, 4.8% rel humidity, 20.6 % oxygen
TEST ATMOSPHERE
- Brief description of analytical method used: Gravimetric determinations of aerosol concentration were performed five times during exposure. The samples were collected on a Millipore®durapore filter, Type HVLP loaded in a 47 mm in-line stainless steel filter sampling device. The filters were weighed before and immediately after sampling using a calibrated balance. The test aerosol concentration was calculated from the amount of test item present on the filter and the sample volume.
- Samples taken from breathing zone: yes
VEHICLE
- Composition of vehicle (if applicable): no vehicle used
- Concentration of test material in vehicle (if applicable):
- Justification of choice of vehicle:
- Lot/batch no. (if required):
- Purity:
TEST ATMOSPHERE (if not tabulated)
- Particle size distribution:
- MMAD (Mass median aerodynamic diameter) / GSD (Geometric st. dev.): 2.65/2.67/2.71 ym, GSD: 0.991/0.994/0.995
CLASS METHOD (if applicable)
- Rationale for the selection of the starting concentration: - Analytical verification of test atmosphere concentrations:
- no
- Duration of exposure:
- 4 h
- Concentrations:
- gravimetric: 2.4 mg/L air
nominal: 9.1 mg/L air - No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5
- Control animals:
- no
- Details on study design:
- - Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Frequency of observations and weighing: Observations for viability were recorded once before exposure on the day of exposure (test day 1), three times during exposure, immediately, 1 h and 3 h after exposure on test day 1 and twice daily during the observation period. Each animal was examined three times during exposure, immediately and 1 h after exposure on test day 1 and once daily during the observation period. Observations were detailed and carefully recorded using explicitly defined scales as appropriate. Only grossly abnormal signs were detectable during exposure, as the animals were restrained in the exposure tubes. The body weight of each animal was recorded on test days 1 (before exposure), 2, 4, 8 and 15 (before necropsy).
- Necropsy of survivors performed: yes
- Other examinations performed: clinical signs, body weight, - Statistics:
- no
Results and discussion
Effect levels
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect level:
- > 2.4 mg/L air
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Exp. duration:
- 4 h
- Mortality:
- none
- Clinical signs:
- other: (See Individual Tables on p 26 in the attached "Figures & individual tables"). All animals survived the scheduled observation period. Ruffled fur was recorded in all animals one 1 hour after the end of exposure and on day 2. There were no clinical signs f
- Body weight:
- Body Weights
(See Individual Tables on page 32 in the attached "Figures & individual tables").
From test day 1 to test day 2, slight body weight loss was noted in two females, stagnation of body weight was recorded in the males and one female. Thereafter normal body weight development was recorded in the males and one female. Stagnation of body weight was observed in one female from day 2 to test day 4 and from test day 8 to test day 15. Slight body weight loss was recorded in another female from test day 2 to test day 4. Thereafter normal body weight development was noted in this female. - Gross pathology:
- (See Individual Tables on p 35 in the attached "Figures & individual tables").
There were no macroscopic findings during necropsy. - Other findings:
- none
Any other information on results incl. tables
Test Atmosphere Conditions
Temperature, relative humidity and oxygen concentration during exposure were considered to be satisfactory for this type of study.
Data on temperature, relative humidity and oxygen concentration are presented in the following table.
The first relative humidity measurement of exposure (marked with a *) was excluded from the calculation of the mean. This was considered not to represent the relative humidity of the test atmosphere. Slight humidity in the cotton wick protecting the probe from test aerosol adhesion or slight humidity from ambient air around the probe may have affected these measurements at the beginning of exposure and shortly afterwards
Recording Time [hours:min] |
O2Concentration [Vol %] |
Temperature [°C] |
Relative Humidity [% RH] |
06:15 06:45 07:15 07:45 08:15 08:45 09:15 09:45 10:15 10:20 Mean St. Dev. N |
20.7 20.7 20.6 20.6 20.6 20.6 20.6 20.6 20.6 20.6 20.6 0.0 10 |
22.3 22.5 22.5 22.6 22.5 22.7 22.6 22.7 22.6 22.6 22.5 0.1 10 |
21.7* 5.2 4.5 5.4 4.4 5.6 4.3 5.0 4.3 4.3 4.8 0.5 9 |
Determination of Aerosol Concentrations
The gravimetric aerosol concentration determined was 2.4 mg/L air as targeted. The aerosol concentration was stable during the exposure period. Data on gravimetric aerosol concentration are presented in the following table:
The nominal aerosol concentration was 9.1 mg/L air.
Sampling Time [hours:min] |
Sampling Volume [L] |
Amount of Test Item on the Filter [mg] |
Gravimetric Aerosol Concentration [mg/L air] |
06:25 – 06:30 |
5.0 |
11.578 |
2.4 |
07:30 – 07:35 |
5.0 |
11.755 |
2.4 |
08:30 – 08:35 |
5.0 |
11.671 |
2.4 |
09:30 – 09:35 |
5.0 |
10.652 |
2.2 |
09:55 – 10:00 |
5.0 |
11.544 |
2.4 |
Mean |
|
2.4 |
|
St. Dev. |
0.1 |
||
N |
5 |
Particle Size Distribution
The Mass Median Aerodynamic Diameters (MMAD) obtained from three gravimetric
measurements of particle size distribution during the exposure were similar (MMAD = 2.71 μm, 2.65 μm and 2.67 μm). This led to the conclusion that the particle size of the generated aerosol was fairly stable during the whole exposure period. The MMADs were within the target range of 1 to 4 μm, thus deposition of the particles can be assumed to have occurred in both the upper and the lower respiratory tract. Hence, the particle size distribution and MMADs obtained were considered to be appropriate for acute inhalation toxicity testing.
Data on particle size distribution are presented in the attached table “Particle Size Distribution”:
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- study cannot be used for classification
- Remarks:
- Migrated information
- Conclusions:
- In conclusion, the LC50 of Sodium Sulfate obtained in this study was estimated to be greater than 2.4 mg/L air (gravimetrically determined mean aerosol concentration) which was the highest technically feasible aerosol concentration. There was no indication of relevant sex-related differences in toxicity of the test item.
- Executive summary:
A group of three male and three female albino rats [HanRcc:WIST(SPF)] was exposed by nose-only, flow-past inhalation for four hours to the test item at agravimetricallydetermined mean concentration of 2.4 mg/L air.All animals were observed for clinical signs and mortality during the inhalation exposure and theobservation period of 14 days. Body weights were recorded prior to exposure on test day 1, and during the observation period on test days 2, 4, 8 and 15 before necropsy. On day 15 all animals were sacrificed and necropsied.
The ranges of aerosol concentration, temperature, relative humidity, oxygen content and airflow rate measured during the exposure were considered to be satisfactory for a study of this type. In addition, the test item was considered to be respirable to rats.
All animals survived the scheduled observation period.
Ruffled fur was recorded in all animals one hour after the end of exposure and on test day 2. From test day 3 onwards no clinical signs were observed.
Slight effects on body weight were recorded during the observation period.
There were no macroscopic findings during necropsy.
In conclusion, the LC50 of Sodium Sulfate obtained in this study was estimated to be greater than 2.4 mg/L air (gravimetrically determined mean aerosol concentration) which was the highest technically feasible aerosol concentration.There was no indication of relevant sex-related differences in toxicity of the test item.
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