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EC number: 212-449-1 | CAS number: 818-08-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- Aug - Sept 1998
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: EC guideline 92/69/EEC
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Schering Method No. TXME. 656.2
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: A suspension with a nominal loading of 100 mg di-n-butyltin oxide/l was stirred for 24 hours; The following diluations were used as further concentrations 1:2, 1:4, and 1:8
The substance concentrations was calculated on the basis of the molecular formula. The concentration of a separately prepared saturated solution was confirmed by ICP/MS analysis of tin. - Vehicle:
- not specified
- Details on test solutions:
- For the stock solution, 100 mg of di-n-butyltin oxide were suspended in 1000 ml deminerlised water under constant stirring for approximately 24 hours. Thereafter, the suspension was filtered through a glassfibre filter. Aliquots of the solution were diluted 1:8, 1:4, and 1:2 with demineralized water to prepare the appropriate test concentrations.
PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
Solution 1:
160 mg potassium dihydrogenphosphate
8 mg ferrous (III) chloride x 6 H2O
10 mg titriplex III x 2 H2O
19 mg boric acid
42 mg manganese chloride x 4 H2O
dissolved in 100 ml demineralized water
Solution 2:
30 mg zinc chloride
15 mg cobalt chloride x 6 H2O
70 mg sodium molybdate x 2 H2O
dissolved in 100 ml demineralized water and thereafter 1:10 diluted
Solution 3:
10 mg copper chloride x 2 H2O
dissolved in 100 ml demineralized water and thereafter 1:10 diluted - Test organisms (species):
- Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Green algae
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): Sammlung von Algenkulturen, Universitat Gottingen
- Method of cultivation: 10 ml of the concentrated nutrient solution were added to the 80 ml demineralized water. 10 ml of the inoculum were added. The pre-culture was incubated in triplicate for 72 hours in an incubator shaker apparatus. Thereafter the cell concentration of the algae was measured. The fastest growing culture of the three was used as a stock for inoculation. This stock was diluted to approximately 100000 cells per ml with demineralized water, ready to be used as inoculum.
- Test type:
- not specified
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- No further information required.
- Hardness:
- No information available.
- Test temperature:
- 23 °C
- pH:
- 7.7 to 8.2
- Dissolved oxygen:
- No information available.
- Salinity:
- No information available.
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.6 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Control end cells density: 269317 cells/ml
- No. of organisms per vessel: Range of means = 31880 to 39230 cells/ml at 24 hours; 141067 to 187800 cells/ml at 72 hours
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Detailed composition if non-standard medium was used:
NUTRIENT SOLUTION
Solution A:
572 mg boric acid
44 mg zinc sulphate x 7 H2O
16 mg copper sulphate x 5 H2O
12 mg cobalt nitrate x 6 H2O
3 mg ammonium molybdate x 4 H2O
Solution B:
200 mg ferric chloride x 6 H2O
225 mg titriplex III
Solution C:
147 mg calcium chloride x 2 H2O
Solution D:
9400 mg potassium nitrate
950 mg magnesium sulphate x 7 H2O
565 mg potassium dihydrogenphosphate
5 ml of solution A, B, and C were added to solution D and filled up to 6 l with demineralized water
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Total organic carbon: 0.79 mg TOC corresponding to 2.05 mg di-n-butyltin oxide/l
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: Coulter Counter - measured after 24, 48, and 72 hours of incubation - Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- >= 1.6 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- >= 1.6 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Details on results:
- Di-n-butyltin oxide had an inhibitory effect on the growth of the algae at all chosen concentrations. The inhibition was already observed after 24 hours. However, it did not show a concentration dependence and did not exceed 40% and 20 % for biomass integral and growth rate, even after 72 hours. Therefore the observed effects were regarded as not being substance-related.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The percentage inhibition of the cell growth at each substance concentration was calculated as the difference between the area under the control growth curve and the area under the growth curve at each test substance concentration.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- The observed reduction of growth of the algae during di-n-butyltin oxide exposure was not very prominent and showed no concentration-dependence. It was therefore interpreted as not being substance-related. The biomass and growth rate could not be calculated. Consequently, according to the author, a saturated solution of di-n-butyltin oxide is not toxic to the green algae.
- Executive summary:
Di-n-butyltin oxide was incubated in an aqueous solution including nutrients with an algae population of Scendesmus subspicatus for a test duration of 72 hours. The increase in biomass and growth rate of each concentration were compared to those of the controls, and the inhibition was calculated. The observed reduction in growth was not prominent and showed no concentration-dependence. It was therefore interpreted as not being substance-related. the biomass and growth rates could not be calculated. A saturated solution of di-n-butyltin oxide is not toxic to the green algae Scenedesmus subspicatus.
Reference
Concentrations of di-n-butyltin oxide (mg/l) | Inhibition in percent | |
Biomass (integral) | Growth Rate | |
0 | 0 | 0 |
0.2 | 24.74 | 12.02 |
0.4 | 29.56 | 12.66 |
0.8 | 39.61 | 19.9 |
1.6 | 26.29 | 13.26 |
Description of key information
The following study has been submitted to address the toxicity to algae and cyanobacteria endpoint:
Steger-Hartmann T (1999). Growth inhibition test of di-n-butyltin oxide (ZK 26385) on the green algae Scenedesmus subspicatus. Testing laboratory: Schering AG, Experimentelle Toxikologie, D-13342 Berlin, Germany. Report no.: IC28. Owner company: Schering AG, Experimentelle Toxikologie, Berlin, Germany. Study number: TXST19980234. Report date: 1999-02-17. The EC50 was found to be 1.6 mg/L.
The study has been allocated a Klimisch score of 2 and is the key study for this endpoint.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 1.6 mg/L
Additional information
Steger-Hartmann T (1999) was provided as the key study for the endpoint. The study was performed in accordance with the OECD Guideline 201. The study was therefore assigned a reliability score of 2 and considered adequate for the assessment of the toxicity of the test material to algae. Di-n-butyltin oxide was incubated in an aqueous solution including nutrients with an algae population of Scendesmus subspicatus for a test duration of 72 hours. The increase in biomass and growth rate of each concentration were compared to those of the controls, and the inhibition was calculated. The observed reduction in growth was not prominent and showed no concentration-dependence. It was therefore interpreted as not being substance-related. The biomass and growth rates could not be calculated. A saturated solution of di-n-butyltin oxide is not toxic to the green algae Scenedesmus subspicatus.
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