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EC number: 202-196-5 | CAS number: 92-84-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1999
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Well performed GLP study according to standard NTP protocols, which are similar to recent OECD TG.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 999
- Report date:
- 1999
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: standard NTP protocol
- Deviations:
- no
- Remarks:
- However, no report date is indicated. Therefore, 1999-01-01 was chosen as report date for the reference
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Remarks:
- According to the NTP-website only GLP-studies are accepeted for publication (http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/files/Specifications_2006Oct1.pdf)
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Phenothiazine
- EC Number:
- 202-196-5
- EC Name:
- Phenothiazine
- Cas Number:
- 92-84-2
- Molecular formula:
- C12H9NS
- IUPAC Name:
- 10H-phenothiazine
- Details on test material:
- - Test item: phenothiazine
Constituent 1
Method
- Target gene:
- - Histidine
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium, other: TA 97, TA 98, TA 100, TA 102, TA 104, TA 1535
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- not specified
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- Separately tested with Rat S9 and Hamster S9
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 0 µg/plate, 33 µg/plate, 100 µg/plate, 333 µg/plate, 1000 µg/plate, 3333 µg/plate, 10000 µg/plate
- Vehicle / solvent:
- DMSO
Controlsopen allclose all
- Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- DMSO
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- 2-nitrofluorene
- Remarks:
- w/o S9
Migrated to IUCLID6: TA 98
- Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- DMSO
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- sodium azide
- Remarks:
- w/o S9
Migrated to IUCLID6: TA 100 and TA 1535
- Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- DMSO
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- 9-aminoacridine
- Remarks:
- w/o S9
Migrated to IUCLID6: TA 97
- Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- DMSO
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- mitomycin C
- Remarks:
- w/o S9
Migrated to IUCLID6: TA 102
- Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- DMSO
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- methylmethanesulfonate
- Remarks:
- w/o S9
Migrated to IUCLID6: TA 104
- Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- DMSO
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- other: 2-aminoanthracene
- Remarks:
- used for all strains with S9
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- PREINCUBATION PROTOCOL
- Test tube containing a suspension of one strain of Salmonella typhimurium plus S9 mix or plain buffer without S9
- Incubation for 20 minutes at 37º C with the test chemical
- Control cultures, with all the same ingredients except the test chemical, are also incubated
- In addition, positive control cultures are prepared (containing the particular bacterial tester strain under investigation, the various culture ingredients, and a known potent mutagen)
- After 20 minutes, agar is added to the cultures and the contents of the tubes are thoroughly mixed
- Then the mixture is poured onto the surface of Petri dishes containing standard bacterial culture medium
- The plates are incubated, and bacterial colonies that do not require an excess of supplemental histidine appear and grow
- These colonies are comprised of bacteria that have undergone reverse mutation to restore function of the histidine-manufacturing gene
- The number of colonies is usually counted after 2 days. - Evaluation criteria:
- - Spontaneous mutations (those that occur by chance, not by chemical treatment) will appear as colonies on the control petri dishes.
- If the test chemical was mutagenic to any particular strain of bacterium, the number of histidine-independent colonies arising on those plates will be significantly greater than the corresponding control plates for that strain of bacteria.
- The positive control plates are also counted, and the number of mutant colonies appearing on them must be significantly increased over the spontaneous control number for the test to be considered valid.
- Failure of the positive control chemical to induce mutation is reason to discard the experiment. - Statistics:
- - No data given, according to OECD TG statistics are not obligate for conduction of the Ames-Test.
- However, mean values and standard errors are given in the results table
Results and discussion
Test results
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium, other: TA 97, TA 98, TA 100, TA 102, TA 104, TA 1535
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity, but tested up to precipitating concentrations
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not applicable
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- - Precipates observed onwards from 1000 µg/plate
- One replicate of TA 100 w/o activation resulted in equivocal results and was repeated twice with negative results
- One replicate of TA 98 w/ Hamster S9@30% was equivocal (weakly positive). However, a follow-up experiment applying identical conditions was negative, as well as all other TA98 experiments w/ an w/o S9. - Remarks on result:
- other: all strains/cell types tested
- Remarks:
- Migrated from field 'Test system'.
Any other information on results incl. tables
1) Summary Data
Chemical Name: |
Phenothiazine |
CASRN: |
92-84-2 |
Study Type: |
Salmonella |
Study ID: |
A72526 |
Study Result: |
Negative |
Year Completed: |
1999 |
Vehicle Control: |
Dimethyl Sulfoxide |
Protocol: |
Preincubation |
2) Results for this Salmonella study's detailed data
Individual strain data is
presented as mean ± standard error.
Abbreviations are noted at bottom of page.
Trial summary calls are shown in parentheses.
Strain: TA1535
Dose |
No Activation |
No Activation |
10% HLI |
30% HLI |
10% RLI |
30% RLI |
||||||
Protocol |
Preincubation |
Preincubation |
Preincubation |
Preincubation |
Preincubation |
Preincubation |
||||||
µg/Plate |
Mean |
± SEM |
Mean |
± SEM |
Mean |
± SEM |
Mean |
± SEM |
Mean |
± SEM |
Mean |
± SEM |
0 |
11 |
1.7 |
13 |
2.8 |
16 |
2.6 |
14 |
2.3 |
13 |
2.7 |
16 |
1.5 |
33 |
10 |
0.3 |
|
|
|
|
11 |
2 |
|
|
16 |
1.9 |
100 |
14 |
0.9 |
11 |
1.2 |
11 |
0.6 |
14 |
2.1 |
14 |
2.7 |
11 |
1.7 |
333 |
9 |
4.6 |
15 |
0 |
14 |
2.5 |
11 |
1.5 |
11 |
2 |
12 |
0.9 |
1000 |
10p |
0.6 |
12p |
0 |
13p |
1.5 |
13p |
1.5 |
14p |
0.6 |
15p |
1.5 |
3333 |
16p |
1.8 |
12p |
2.6 |
10p |
1.7 |
13p |
2.4 |
16p |
2.4 |
16p |
1.8 |
10000 |
9p |
0.7 |
15p |
2 |
12p |
2.7 |
16p |
0.9 |
10p |
1.7 |
11p |
1.3 |
Positive Control |
939 |
17.8 |
960 |
10.4 |
169 |
10.5 |
103 |
4.6 |
135 |
12.6 |
107 |
7.2 |
Strain: TA97
Dose |
No Activation |
No Activation |
10% HLI |
30% HLI |
10% RLI |
30% RLI |
||||||
Protocol |
Preincubation |
Preincubation |
Preincubation |
Preincubation |
Preincubation |
Preincubation |
||||||
µg/Plate |
Mean |
± SEM |
Mean |
± SEM |
Mean |
± SEM |
Mean |
± SEM |
Mean |
± SEM |
Mean |
± SEM |
0 |
130 |
3.3 |
124 |
3.7 |
150 |
7 |
138 |
8.4 |
154 |
11.8 |
138 |
2 |
33 |
134 |
2.9 |
|
|
|
|
133 |
5.2 |
|
|
134 |
3.4 |
100 |
121 |
3.2 |
139 |
6.7 |
150 |
13.3 |
147 |
2.2 |
145 |
9.5 |
149 |
2 |
333 |
144 |
7.2 |
132 |
7.8 |
147 |
5.8 |
133 |
15.3 |
146 |
9.9 |
135 |
2.3 |
1000 |
135p |
3 |
124p |
8.4 |
158p |
2.3 |
135p |
4.9 |
149p |
8.1 |
134p |
10.7 |
3333 |
117p |
6.1 |
132p |
11.5 |
151p |
3.8 |
144p |
4.3 |
137p |
6.4 |
132p |
10 |
10000 |
117p |
1.9 |
124p |
3.2 |
141p |
5.8 |
149p |
12.2 |
121p |
2.5 |
117p |
6.7 |
Positive Control |
448 |
29.6 |
558 |
19.5 |
619 |
10.7 |
593 |
13.8 |
551 |
24.5 |
552 |
12.6 |
Strain: TA100
Dose |
No Activation |
No Activation |
No Activation |
10% HLI |
30% HLI |
10% RLI |
30% RLI |
|||||||
Protocol |
Preincubation |
Preincubation |
Preincubation |
Preincubation |
Preincubation |
Preincubation |
Preincubation |
|||||||
µg/Plate |
Mean |
± SEM |
Mean |
± SEM |
Mean |
± SEM |
Mean |
± SEM |
Mean |
± SEM |
Mean |
± SEM |
Mean |
± SEM |
0 |
115 |
4 |
137 |
3.9 |
112 |
3.3 |
122 |
8.4 |
110 |
8.7 |
116 |
2.4 |
122 |
3 |
33 |
90 |
0.3 |
133 |
2.7 |
|
|
|
|
131 |
9.2 |
|
|
141 |
3.2 |
100 |
142 |
1.9 |
121 |
3.2 |
106 |
8.2 |
118 |
6.7 |
129 |
5.2 |
110 |
2.5 |
124 |
2.6 |
333 |
136 |
4.3 |
134 |
5.5 |
101 |
3.5 |
119 |
2.4 |
117 |
8.4 |
110 |
7.4 |
110 |
5.3 |
1000 |
135p |
7.8 |
125p |
1.7 |
118p |
3.8 |
121p |
4 |
114p |
6.7 |
114p |
8.7 |
122p |
4 |
3333 |
134p |
3.2 |
123p |
4.1 |
111p |
1.5 |
119p |
11 |
93p |
3.2 |
109p |
6.4 |
109p |
5.5 |
10000 |
|
|
124p |
15 |
114p |
3 |
115p |
2 |
|
|
107p |
0.7 |
|
|
Positive Control |
878 |
19.5 |
855 |
24.8 |
931 |
9 |
767 |
15.4 |
620 |
12.8 |
721 |
16.8 |
570 |
11.9 |
Strain: TA104
Dose |
No Activation |
No Activation |
10% HLI |
30% HLI |
10% RLI |
30% RLI |
||||||
Protocol |
Preincubation |
Preincubation |
Preincubation |
Preincubation |
Preincubation |
Preincubation |
||||||
µg/Plate |
Mean |
± SEM |
Mean |
± SEM |
Mean |
± SEM |
Mean |
± SEM |
Mean |
± SEM |
Mean |
± SEM |
0 |
317 |
12.1 |
316 |
6 |
413 |
21.4 |
370 |
30.6 |
417 |
3.8 |
372 |
28.5 |
100 |
317 |
9.4 |
319 |
1.8 |
423 |
24.9 |
385 |
13.9 |
421 |
2 |
420 |
6.8 |
333 |
288 |
5.5 |
304 |
9.2 |
420 |
11.2 |
347 |
18 |
363 |
27.9 |
403 |
8.4 |
1000 |
262p |
25.3 |
346p |
27.4 |
374p |
29.5 |
366p |
11.4 |
379p |
9.7 |
387p |
4.9 |
3333 |
285p |
19.1 |
277p |
4.9 |
425p |
30.7 |
392p |
16.4 |
367p |
28.8 |
392p |
9.4 |
10000 |
259p |
37.6 |
311p |
8.7 |
391p |
8.1 |
361p |
22.7 |
392p |
6.5 |
383p |
26.8 |
Positive Control |
835 |
20.2 |
933 |
21.2 |
1216 |
19.5 |
1182 |
9.8 |
1107 |
52 |
1076 |
32.3 |
Strain: TA98
Dose |
No Activation |
No Activation |
10% HLI |
30% HLI |
30% HLI |
10% RLI |
30% RLI |
|||||||
Protocol |
Preincubation |
Preincubation |
Preincubation |
Preincubation |
Preincubation |
Preincubation |
Preincubation |
|||||||
µg/Plate |
Mean |
± SEM |
Mean |
± SEM |
Mean |
± SEM |
Mean |
± SEM |
Mean |
± SEM |
Mean |
± SEM |
Mean |
± SEM |
0 |
19 |
1.8 |
21 |
4.8 |
29 |
2.2 |
20 |
2.5 |
29 |
1.8 |
33 |
2.3 |
23 |
1.8 |
33 |
24 |
2.2 |
|
|
|
|
17 |
1.5 |
34 |
2.2 |
|
|
20 |
0.9 |
100 |
24 |
1.2 |
25 |
3.3 |
27 |
2.4 |
35 |
10.2 |
24 |
1.5 |
27 |
4.2 |
19 |
4.2 |
333 |
19 |
3.5 |
23 |
1.2 |
27 |
1.5 |
41 |
1.2 |
30 |
6.6 |
28 |
3.1 |
22 |
1.3 |
1000 |
20p |
1.5 |
23p |
0.9 |
21p |
3.7 |
37p |
1 |
26p |
1 |
17p |
2.3 |
20p |
1.2 |
3333 |
19p |
1.2 |
26p |
3.6 |
21p |
2.7 |
22p |
2 |
30p |
1.5 |
26p |
1 |
15p |
1.2 |
10000 |
|
|
25p |
2 |
24p |
2.6 |
|
|
22p |
2.3 |
22p |
3.2 |
|
|
Positive Control |
500 |
14.2 |
407 |
29.1 |
604 |
4.9 |
561 |
10.4 |
446 |
20.2 |
541 |
19.1 |
449 |
16.3 |
Strain: TA102
Dose |
No Activation |
No Activation |
10% HLI |
30% HLI |
10% RLI |
30% RLI |
||||||
Protocol |
Preincubation |
Preincubation |
Preincubation |
Preincubation |
Preincubation |
Preincubation |
||||||
µg/Plate |
Mean |
± SEM |
Mean |
± SEM |
Mean |
± SEM |
Mean |
± SEM |
Mean |
± SEM |
Mean |
± SEM |
0 |
183 |
13.5 |
192 |
12.5 |
257 |
13.7 |
261 |
15.3 |
235 |
12 |
252 |
15.7 |
100 |
203 |
9.5 |
192 |
10 |
228 |
10 |
248 |
15.6 |
229 |
26.3 |
278 |
11.6 |
333 |
186 |
20.1 |
171 |
7.6 |
248 |
3.2 |
250 |
3.2 |
251 |
8.4 |
260 |
11.8 |
1000 |
173p |
14.1 |
180p |
8.1 |
273p |
2.8 |
273p |
16.4 |
217p |
0.7 |
239p |
19.4 |
3333 |
209p |
20.5 |
176p |
14.6 |
267p |
25.2 |
281p |
6.5 |
264p |
8.7 |
243p |
18 |
10000 |
175p |
14 |
178p |
11.3 |
241p |
20.3 |
242p |
18.8 |
214p |
7.4 |
257p |
22.9 |
Positive Control |
700 |
18.9 |
788 |
31 |
961 |
19.1 |
968 |
21.7 |
946 |
21.3 |
913 |
10.4 |
Abbreviations:
RLI = induced male Sprague Dawley rat liver S9
HLI = induced male Syrian hamster liver S9
p = Precipitate
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative with and without metabolic activation
Based on the results of this NTP-study, phenothiazine is non-mutagenic in the Salmonella mutagenicity assay (Ames test) when tested with and without metabolic activation using several Salmonella strains. Tests were conducted up to precipitating concentrations. - Executive summary:
Phenothiazine was tested in 6 different concentrations up to 10000 µg/plate. Precipitation was observed onward 1000 µg/plate. Six different Salmonella strains (TA 97, TA 98, TA 100, TA 102, TA 104 and TA 1535) were used for testing. Based on the results of this NTP-study, phenothiazine is non-mutagenic in the Salmonella mutagenicity assay (Ames test) when tested with and without metabolic activation.
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Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.