Antimony nickel titanium rutile

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria

Administrative data

Endpoint:

toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study with acceptable restrictions

Remarks:

Rating in accordance with OECD SIDS (2002)

Data source

Reference

Reference 1

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2001

Reference 2

Reference Type:

secondary source

Title:

SIDS - C.I. PIGMENT YELLOW 53

Author:

OECD

Year:

2002

Bibliographic source:

UNEP PUBLICATIONS

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)

GLP compliance:

yes

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Antimony nickel titanium rutile

EC Number:

701-459-6

Cas Number:

8007-18-9

Molecular formula:

Ni(x/3)Sb(2x/3)Ti(1-x)O2 0,1≤x≤0,3

IUPAC Name:

Antimony nickel titanium rutile

Test material form:

solid

Sampling and analysis

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Test solutions

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method:
Pigment Yellow 53 was almost insoluble in water. Consequently, the experiments were carried out with 1.00 mg/L at which precipitates and floating substances were not observed. However, it was likely that the test substance was not dissolved, because the presence of the test substance in the filtrate (the test solution was filtered with 0.45 µm membrane filter) was below the detection limit of ICP-MS operating condition.

Test organisms

Test organisms (species):

Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Strain: ATCC22662
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): American Type Culture Collection
- Method of Cultivation: axenic Gorham medium

Study design

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

72 h

Test conditions

Test temperature:

22.7 - 23.5 ºC

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal Concentrations: control and 1.00 mg/L;
Stock Solution Preparation and Stability: 100 mg/L stock solution was prepared for 1.00 mg/L tests, in the following way: 100 mg test substance was added in 1000 mL OECD medium. The test substance was not dissolved but dispersed in the stock solution.

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 100 mL Medium in a 500 mL Erlenmeyer Flask with glass cap
- Initial cells density: 10000 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 3

GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes, OECD medium
- Light: 4000 lux (+/- 20%), continues


OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: yes
- Shaking: 100 rpm

Results and discussion

Effect concentrations

Effect concentrations 1

Key result

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

> 1 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Remarks:

dispersed

Basis for effect:

growth rate

Effect concentrations 2

Key result

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

> 1 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Remarks:

dispersed

Basis for effect:

growth rate

Reported statistics and error estimates:

- Analytical Procedure: Test concentrations were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer.
- Statistical Method: t-test
a) Data Analysis: Student's t-Test was used on comparison between means in control and treated (1 mg/L).

Any other information on results incl. tables

- Measured Concentrations:

The tested concentrations were measured at 0 hour and 72 hours. The test substance concentration at 72 hours was lower than that of detection limit. It appeared that most of the test chemical precipitated inadvertently with algal cells during centrifugation due to its low water solubility.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Nominal              Measured                  % of nominal

concentration     concentration            concentration

mg/L                     mg/L                          mg/L 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------             

                           0 Hour   72 Hours      0 Hour   72 Hours

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Control                  <0.07    <0.07               -         

1.00                         1.08    <0.07             108      0

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

 

Water chemistry in test (pH and DO): pH 7.7 at the start of the test, pH 10.1 at the end of the test

 

- Effect Data:

area method   

·        EbC50(0-72hr) >1.0 mg/L (95% C. I.: not available)   

·        NOEC >1.0 mg/L

rate method   

·        ErC50(24-48hr) >1.0 mg/L (95% C. I.: not available)   

·        NOEC >1.0 mg/L   

·        ErC50(24-72hr) >1.0 mg/L (95% C. I.: not available)   

·        NOEC >1.0 mg/L

 

- Percent Growth Inhibition of Selenastrum capricornutum

                                            

		Area under the growth curves
Nominal Concentration in mg/L                  No.		Area A (0-72hr)	Inhibition (%)*1            IA (0-72hr)
Control	1	44,754,000
	2	44,447,000
	3	44,912,000
	Average	44,704,000	-
	SD	236,0001.00
1.00	1	45,355.000
	2	47,551,000
	3	52,121,000
	Average	48,342,000	-8.1
	SD	3,452,000

           

 

		Growth Rate
Nominal Concentration in mg/L		Rate	Inhibition(%)*1	Rate	Inhibition(%)*1
	No.	u(24-48hr)	Im(24-48hr)	u(24-72hr)	Im(24-72hr)
Control	1	0.0768		0.0761
	2	0.0782		0.0756
	3	0.0777		0.0754
	Average	0.0776	-	0.0757	-
	SD	0.0007		0.0004
1.00	1	0.0776		0.0767
	2	0.0823		0.0779
	3	0.0820		0.0783
	Average	0.0806	-3.9	0.0776	-2.5
	SD	0.0026		0.0008

                                    

*1: Values are the percent inhibition relative to the control

SD: Standard deviation 

- Growth Curves: Log phase during the test period

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

Antimony nickel titanium rutile is not toxic to the freshwater algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata in a test according to OECD 201 with test suspensions prepared at nominal concentrations far exceeding its water solubility. The corresponding EC50 and NOEC for growth inhibtion are both estimated with > 1 mg/L (nominal, dispersed). The algae exposed to antimony nickel titanium rutile did not show any inhibition of growth compared to the control and chemical analysis of test suspension was performed. As the study was conducted according to a previous version of the guideline (OECD 201), section-by-section specific growth rates were not determined.