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EC number: 203-439-8 | CAS number: 106-89-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vivo
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vivo mammalian somatic cell study: cytogenicity / bone marrow chromosome aberration
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: chromosome aberration
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- not specified
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: This study was conducted prior to GLP and test guidelines, but sufficient data is available for interpretation of results
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 976
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 475 (Mammalian Bone Marrow Chromosome Aberration Test)
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Study was conducted prior to OECD guidelines but essentially followed guideline
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Type of assay:
- chromosome aberration assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane
- EC Number:
- 203-439-8
- EC Name:
- 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane
- Cas Number:
- 106-89-8
- Molecular formula:
- C3H5ClO
- IUPAC Name:
- 2-(chloromethyl)oxirane
- Details on test material:
- Epichlorohydrin (ECHH) to be tested was manufactured in Czechoslovakia.
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- mouse
- Strain:
- ICR
- Sex:
- female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- Female ICR mice, 8-10 weeks of age, weighing approximately 32-35 g were used.
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- DMSO obtained from Merck.
- Details on exposure:
- Test material was administered via oral gavage to mice for a single application (5, 20, 40 and 100 mg/kg) or for 5 repeated doses over 5 days or for 5 repeated doses over 7 days (test material was administered on days 1, 2, 5, 6 and 7) (20 mg/kg). Mice were sacrificed 6, 24 or 48 hr after a single dose or 6 hrs after the administration of the final dose in the scheme of repeated applications.
In addition, the test material was administered intraperitoneally to mice for a single dose (1, 3, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) or for 5 repeated doses over 5 days (10 mg/kg) or for 5 repeated doses over 7 days (test material administered on days 1, 2, 5, 6 and 7) (5, 10 or 20 mg/kg). Mice were sacrificed 6, 24 or 48 hr after a single dose or 6 hrs after the administration of the final dose in the scheme of repeated applications. - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- Test material was administered via oral gavage to mice for a single application (5, 20, 40 and 100 mg/kg) or for 5 repeated doses over 5 days or for 5 repeated doses over 7 days (test material was administered on days 1, 2, 5, 6 and 7) (20 mg/kg). Mice were sacrificed 6, 24 or 48 hr after a single dose or 6 hrs after the administration of the final dose in the scheme of repeated applications.
In addition, the test material was administered intraperitoneally to mice for a single dose (1, 3, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) or for 5 repeated doses over 5 days (10 mg/kg) or for 5 repeated doses over 7 days (test material administered on days 1, 2, 5, 6 and 7) (5, 10 or 20 mg/kg). Mice were sacrificed 6, 24 or 48 hr after a single dose or 6 hrs after the administration of the final dose in the scheme of repeated applications. - Frequency of treatment:
- Test material was administered via oral gavage to mice for a single application (5, 20, 40 and 100 mg/kg) or for 5 repeated doses over 5 days or for 5 repeated doses over 7 days (test material was administered on days 1, 2, 5, 6 and 7) (20 mg/kg). Mice were sacrificed 6, 24 or 48 hr after a single dose or 6 hrs after the administration of the final dose in the scheme of repeated applications.
In addition, the test material was administered intraperitoneally to mice for a single dose (1, 3, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) or for 5 repeated doses over 5 days (10 mg/kg) or for 5 repeated doses over 7 days (test material administered on days 1, 2, 5, 6 and 7) (5, 10 or 20 mg/kg). Mice were sacrificed 6, 24 or 48 hr after a single dose or 6 hrs after the administration of the final dose in the scheme of repeated applications. - Post exposure period:
- Test material was administered via oral gavage to mice for a single application (5, 20, 40 and 100 mg/kg) or for 5 repeated doses over 5 days or for 5 repeated doses over 7 days (test material was administered on days 1, 2, 5, 6 and 7) (20 mg/kg). Mice were sacrificed 6, 24 or 48 hr after a single dose or 6 hrs after the administration of the final dose in the scheme of repeated applications.
In addition, the test material was administered intraperitoneally to mice for a single dose (1, 3, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) or for 5 repeated doses over 5 days (10 mg/kg) or for 5 repeated doses over 7 days (test material administered on days 1, 2, 5, 6 and 7) (5, 10 or 20 mg/kg). Mice were sacrificed 6, 24 or 48 hr after a single dose or 6 hrs after the administration of the final dose in the scheme of repeated applications.
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
Oral gavage: 5, 20, 40 or 100 mg/kg (single application), 20 mg/kg for 5 applications over 5 or 7 days. IP: 1, 3, 5, 10, 20 or 40 mg/kg (single application), 20 mg/kg (5 applications over 5 days) or 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg (5 applications over 7 days).
Basis:
no data
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- no data
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
- Positive control(s):
- no data
Examinations
- Tissues and cell types examined:
- The mouse bone marrow was prepared according to the modification of Tjino and Whang's method (Goetz et al., 1975). 250 metaphases were analyzed in each group. Gaps, breaks and exchanges were evaluated. Cells bearing some of these changes were considered abnormal. Cells with more than 10 aberrations were counted separately (Adler et al., 1971, Nichols et al., 1972).
Adler, I.D., Ramarao, G., and Epstein, S.S. (1971). In vivo cytogenetic effects of trimethylphosphate and of TEPA on bone marrow cells of male rats. Mutation Research 13:263-273.
Goetz, P., Sram, R.J., and Dohnalova, J. (1975). Relationship between experimental results in mammals and man. I. Cytogenetic analysis of bone marrow injury induced by a single dose of cyclophosphamide. Mutation Research 31:247-254.
Nichols, W.W., Moorhead, P. and Brewen, G. (1972)., Chromosome methodologies in mutation testing. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 22:269-275. - Details of tissue and slide preparation:
- No additional information available.
- Evaluation criteria:
- Gaps, breaks and exchanges were evaluated. Cells bearing some of these changes were considered abnormal.
- Statistics:
- Statistical evaluation was apparently not conducted.
Results and discussion
Test results
- Sex:
- female
- Genotoxicity:
- positive
- Toxicity:
- not specified
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- not specified
- Additional information on results:
- The time-effect relationship was evaluated after applying an i.p. injection of 50 mg ECHH/kg and after application of p.0.100mg ECHH/kg. Since no difference was found in the frequency of abnormal cells after i.p. application in the 6 and 24 h groups and in all the groups after p.o. application, the dose-effect relationship and the routes of applications were compared always 24 h after the administration of ECHH.
Dose-effect relationship expressed in the frequency changes of abnormal cells was found after a single ip. application of a dose ranging from 1-20 mg ECHH/kg and after p.0. application especially in, a range of 5-20 mg ECHH/kg. Dose-effect relationship was found also after repeated i.p. application of 5 doses ranging between 5-20 mg ECHH/kg. The comparative evaluation of thc effect of the total dose applied in a single or repeated scheme, showed that the same total dose - if applied in repeated doses - induced both a higher frequency of abnormal cells and a higher frequency of breaks per cell. As to the comparison of the routes of administration at the same dose, the intraperitoneally applied ECHH induced approx. twice as many chromasomal abnormalities than ECBH applied perorally.
ECHH induced mostly breaks and exchanges. The cells bearing more than 10 aberrations were found quite exceptionally.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Dose-effect relationship expressed in the frequency changes of abnormal cells was found after a single ip. application of a dose ranging from 1-20 mg ECHH/kg and after p.o. application especially in, a range of 5-20 mg ECHH/kg.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information): positive
This cytogenetic study showed a positive response following oral or ip administration of epichlorohydrin. - Executive summary:
Epichlorohydrin (ECH) is one of the more commercially important aliphatic epoxides used extensively as an industrial intermediate, a laboratory reagent, and as an insecticide. It is a volatile, colourless liquid with an ethereal odour. This cytogenetic study showed a positive response following oral or ip administration of epichlorohydrin.
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