lambda4-cerium(4+) zirconium(4+) tetraoxidandiide

Boiling point

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

boiling point

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

from 03 Nov 2005 to 19 Apr 2006

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 103 (Boiling point/boiling range)

Version / remarks:

and EU method A2 (Boiling temperature)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Type of method:

other: thermal analysis

Boiling pt.:

> 400 °C

Atm. press.:

ca. 1 013 hPa

Decomposition:

no

Preliminary test: No endothermic heat effect was observed from which boiling could be deduced. After the experiment, the sample was still a powder, losing about 0.6% of its mass.

Main test: No endothermic reaction could be observed. After the experiment, the sample had lost about 0.3% of its mass and the sample was unchanged in appearance.

Conclusions:

Cerium dioxide does not boil under the conditions of the test.

Executive summary:

The boiling point of cerium dioxide was assessed using thermal analysis, according to OECD Guideline 103.

A test item amount of 24.06 mg was heated up from 25°C to 400°C at a rate of 20°C/min. The quantities of heat absorbed or released were measured by Differential Scanning Calorimeter and recorded. No endothermic heat effect was observed from which boiling could be deduced. After the experiment, the sample was still a powder, losing about 0.6% of its mass.

To confirm the results of the preliminary test, the thermal analysis was repeated with 19.2 mg of test item in the same temperature range but with the rise adjusted to 10°C/min. No endothermic reaction could be observed. After the experiment, the sample had lost about 0.3% of its mass and the sample was unchanged in appearance.

In conclusion, cerium dioxide does not boil under the conditions of the test.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

boiling point

Data waiving:

study scientifically not necessary / other information available

Justification for data waiving:

the study does not need to be conducted because the substance is a solid which melts above 300°C

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

data waiving: supporting information

Reference 3

Endpoint:

boiling point

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

no data

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

data from handbook or collection of data

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Data in this peer-reviewed publication were taken from many sources, including both compilations and primary literature. Where conflicts were found, the value deemed most reliable was chosen for inclusion in the handbook. Reference sources were not provided for this parameter, nor were the experimental methods.

GLP compliance:

no

Boiling pt.:

4 300 °C

Conclusions:

The boiling point under the study conditions was reported to be 4300 degrees C.

Reference 4

Endpoint:

boiling point

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Justification for type of information:

Read across from boiling point data on the constituents cerium dioxide and zirconium dioxide which are used as supporting information for the reaction mass of cerium dioxide and zirconium dioxide. The read across justification document is attached to IUCLID Section 13.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Remarks on result:

other: Based on boiling point data of the constituents CeO2 and ZrO2, the reaction mass of CeO2 and ZrO2 is not expected to boil at temperatures < 400°C, which supports the conclusion of the key study.

Remarks:

No boiling point was determined for CeO2 based on an experimental study (boiling point > 400°C) and handbook data on ZrO2 indicated a boiling point of 4300°C.

One experimental study on CeO2, scored as Klimisch 1, confirmed that cerium dioxide does not boil up to 400°C (Weissenfeld, 2006). Literature data scored as Klimisch 2 (O'Neil, 2006) indicated a boiling point of 4300°C for zirconium dioxide. Data on these constituents are used as supporting information in a read across analogue approach.

Description of key information

The boiling point study was waived based on the high melting point value of the reaction mass of cerium dioxide and zirconium dioxide (> 500°C; Défitraces study N°10-918025-011, 2010).

Additional information

One experimental study on cerium dioxide, scored as Klimisch 1, confirmed that cerium dioxide does not boil up to 400°C (Weissenfeld, 2006). Literature data scored as Klimisch 2 (O'Neil, 2006) indicated a boiling point of 4300°C for zirconium dioxide. Data on these constituents are used as supporting information in a read across analogue approach.