2-bromoethylammonium bromide

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Short-term toxicity to fish

The toxic effects of the test compound 2-bromoethanaminium bromide (CAS no. 2576-47-8) were predicted using QSAR toolbox version 3.4. The prediction was based on the effects of the test compound on Danio rerio (previous name: Brachydanio rerio) in a static fresh water system during a 96 hour exposure. The lethal concentration (LC50) for the test compound 2-bromoethanaminium bromide (CAS no. 2576-47-8) was estimated to be 67.49 mg/l on the basis of mortality effect. Thus, based on this value, test chemical compound 2-bromoethanaminium bromide was considered to be toxic to fish and can be classified in aquatic chronic 3 as per the CLP regulations.

Short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates:

Based on the prediction done using the OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.4 with log kow as the primary descriptor and considering the five closest read across substances, the short term toxicity on aquatic invertebrates was predicted for 2-bromoethanaminium bromide (CAS No.2576-47-8). EC50 value was estimated to be 85.54mg/L on the basis of intoxication for Daphnia magna for 48 hrs duration.

Based on this value it can be concluded that the 2-bromoethanaminium bromide (CAS No.2576-47-8) was considered to be toxic to aquatic invertebrates and can be classified in aquatic chronic 3 as per the CLP regulations.

 

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria

The effect of test item 2-bromoethylammonium bromide, CAS No. 2576-47-8 was studied on the growth of fresh water green alga Chlorella vulgaris (UERL study report, Sustainability Support Services (Europe) AB, 2017). The study was conducted following OECD guideline 201- Alga, growth inhibition test. The test concentration chosen for the study were 6.25 mg/L,12.5 mg/L,25 mg/L,50 mg/L,100 mg/L,200 mg/L. The test concentrations were prepared using stock solution of the test item using mineral media. The green alga was exposed to the test concentration for a period of 72 hours to observe average specific growth rate and % growth inhibition under the effect of the test item. EC50 calculated graphically through probit analysis was observed to be 129.652 mg/L. Thus based on this value, it can be concluded that the substance 2-bromoethylammonium bromide can be considered as non-toxic to aquatic organisms and thus cannot be classified as hazardous as per the CLP classification criteria.

Additional information

Short-term toxicity to fish

Two studies including predicted report from reliable prediction toolbox and experimental data from authorative database for short term fish toxicity study of chemical 2-bromoethanaminium bromide (Cas no. 2576-47-8) with relevant read across which is close to target using log kow as the primary descriptor were summarized as follows:

First report indicates the toxic effects of the test compound 2-bromoethanaminium bromide (CAS no. 2576-47-8) were predicted using QSAR toolbox version 3.4. The prediction was based on the effects of the test compound on Danio rerio (previous name: Brachydanio rerio) in a static fresh water system during a 96 hour exposure. The lethal concentration (LC50) for the test compound 2-bromoethanaminium bromide (CAS no. 2576-47-8) was estimated to be 67.49 mg/l on the basis of mortality effect. Thus, based on this value, test chemical compound 2-bromoethanaminium bromide was considered to be toxic to fish and can be classified in aquatic chronic 3 as per the CLP regulations.

Above aquatic classification support by another experimental evidence of read across Oxytetracycline hydrochloride (Cas no. 2058-46-0) which suggest in Acute fish toxicity data the Lethal concentration (LC50) determine of test substance Oxytetracycline hydrochloride for exposure period of 96 hrs. on the basis of mortality effects. Test organism was used as Morone saxatilis (Striped Bass)in static freshwater with test temp.21.1deg.C and dissolved oxygen > 4 mg/l.In acute fish toxicity study the Lethal concentration to 50% of test organisms(LC50) on the basis of mortality effect was observed to be 75 mg/l for exposure period of 96 hrs.

Thus based on the basis of available Lethal concentration to 50% of test organisms (LC50) it is concluded that the test chemical 2-bromoethanaminium bromide (Cas no. 2576-47-8) toxic to fish and can be classified in aquatic chronic 3 as per the CLP regulations.

Short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates:

Short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates was summarised with 3 weight of evidence for 2-bromoethanaminium bromide (CAS No.2576-47-8) with one predicted QSAR report for target and supporting studies for read-across substances 2-chloro-N, N, N-trimethylethanaminium chloride (999-81-5) and 2-(2-chloroethyl) phosphonic acid (16672-87-0):

 

Based on the prediction done using the OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.4 with log kow as the primary descriptor and considering the five closest read across substances, the short term toxicity on aquatic invertebrates was predicted for 2-bromoethanaminium bromide (CAS No.2576-47-8). EC50 value was estimated to be 85.54mg/L on the basis of intoxication for Daphnia magna for 48 hrs duration.

Based on this value it can be concluded that the 2-bromoethanaminium bromide (CAS No.2576-47-8) was considered to be toxic to aquatic invertebrates and can be classified in aquatic chronic 3 as per the CLP regulations.

 

Short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates was performed in read across 2-chloro-N, N, N-trimethylethanaminium chloride (999-81-5) (ECOTOX database, 2017) for 5 Daphnia with age of 6-24 hr old. Concentrations ranges from 14.9-19.2 mg/l were treated for 48 hrs on the basis of effect intoxication. After the 48 hrs, the EC 50 value for 2-chloro-N, N, N-trimethylethanaminium chloride (999-81-5) for daphnia magna was determined to be 16.7 mg/l on the basis of intoxication. Based on the value, 2-chloro-N, N, N-trimethylethanaminium chloride was considered to be toxic to aquatic invertebrates and can be classified in aquatic chronic 3 category as per the CLP regulations.

Another read across supporting weight of evidence of short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates was performed in 5 Daphnia for read across (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (16672-87-0) (ECOTOX database,2017)Concentrations ranges from 17 -58 mg/l were treated for 48 hrs on the basis of effect intoxication.

After the 48 hrs, the EC 50 value for (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (16672-87-0) for daphnia magna was determined to be 31.7 mg/l on the basis of intoxication.Based on the value, (2-chloroethyl) phosphonic acid was considered to be toxic to aquatic invertebrates and can be classified in aquatic chronic 3 category as per the CLP regulations.

 

On the basis of results for toxicity to aquatic invertebrates from target prediction and read across chemical results which were likely to be toxic to aquatic invertebrates at environmentally relevant concentrations also supported the target substances hence, from all weight of evidences it can be considered that 2-bromoethanaminium bromide (CAS No.2576-47-8) can be toxic and can be classified in aquatic chronic 3 category as per the criteria of CLP regulation.

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria

Experimental key studyfor the target chemical 2-bromoethanaminium bromide (CAS no. 2576-47-8) which is supported further by total 2 studies (both from secondary source) for its closest structurally similar read across substance with logKow as the primary descriptor were reviewed for the toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria end point which are summarized as below:

 

In an experimental key study, the effect of test item 2-bromoethylammonium bromide, CAS No. 2576-47-8 was studied on the growth of fresh water green alga Chlorella vulgaris(UERL study report, Sustainability Support Services (Europe) AB, 2017). The study was conducted following OECD guideline 201- Alga, growth inhibition test. The test concentration chosen for the study were 6.25 mg/L,12.5 mg/L,25 mg/L,50 mg/L,100 mg/L,200 mg/L. The test concentrations were prepared using stock solution of the test item using mineral media. The green alga was exposed to the test concentration for a period of 72 hours to observe average specific growth rate and % growth inhibition under the effect of the test item. EC50 calculated graphically through probit analysis was observed to be 129.652 mg/L. Thus based on this value, it can be concluded that the substance 2-bromoethylammonium bromide can be considered as non-toxic to aquatic organisms and thus cannot be classified as hazardous as per the CLP classification criteria.

 

In a supporting studyof read across substance Glutamic acid (CAS no. 56-86-0) from peer secondary source (OECD SIDS Initial Assessment Report, CoCam 4, 2013),short term toxicity to Pseudokirchnerella subcapitata (algae) study was carried out for 72 hrs. The study was performed according to OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test). The study was based on the effects of the read across compound Glutamic acid on Pseudokirchnerella subcapitata in a static fresh water system at an average temperature of 23 ± 2ᵒC. Range finding study was carried out at a test conc. of 100 mg/l, respectively. Test chemical conc. used for the study were1, 3, 10, 31 and 100, respectively. The control group was prepared for this study. The concentration of the test substance during the exposure period was within +/-20% of the nominal concentrations. Therefore, all test results were determined as the nominal concentrations. In the control group, the concentration of the test substance was not detected. Pseudokirchnerella subcapitata was used as test organism obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC. U.S.A.). Pre-culture, algal suspensions were added to replicate flasks containing the test substance solutions and adjusted to an algal biomass concentration of 1x104 cells/mL. Flasks were incubated at 23 +/-2℃under continuous illumination (4440 -8880 Lux) and constantly shaken at approximately 100 rpm using a shaker incubator for a period of 72 hours. Flasks were rotated upward and to the left at 24 hours intervals during incubation in an attempt to equally distribute light intensity. Six replicate flasks were prepared for each dosed group and control group. All test and control cultures were inspected microscopically at 72 hours. At 72 hours after initiation of exposure, the percent inhibition of growth in the dosed group and control group was calculated and a concentration-percent inhibition growth curve generated. The ErC50 (0 -72 hours) and EyC50 (0 -72 hours) were calculated and their 95% confidence limits were statistically analyzed using the Logit method. Statistical analysis was conducted using SAS (version 9.1.3). For determination of NOEC and LOEC values, in the case of the multiple comparisons for the determination of the NOEC and LOEC for average specific growth rate and yield, Bartlett's test was conducted to test for homogeneity. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed on homogeneous data. And then, if significant, followed by Dunnett's t-test for multiple comparisons. A Kruskal-Wallis test was employed on heterogeneous data and if significant, followed by Steel test for multiple comparisons. Statistical analysis was conducted using SAS (version 9.1.3). The 72hr-EC50 values of L-glutamic acid (CAS No. 56 -86 -0) to Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was determined as 68.5 mg/L (95% confidence limits: 62.4 -74.1 mg/L) and as 54.4 mg/L (95% confidence limits: 50.0 -59.4 mg/L), respectively. The NOEC and LOEC for the results of the average specific growth rate and yield were determined as 31 mg/L and as 100 mg/L, respectively. Thus, based on EC50 value, it can be concluded that the substance Glutamic acid can be considered as toxic to aquatic organisms. Since the test chemical is readily biodegradable in nature, chemical Glutamic acid can be considered as non-toxic to aquatic organisms and thus can be considered as not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.

Another supporting study of read across substance11 -Aminoundecanoic acid (CAS no. 2432-99-7) on Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata in a static fresh water system was carried out for 72 hrs (OECD SIDS Initial Assessment Report, SIAM 15, 2002).The study was performed according to OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test) and other method C3 described in directive 92/69/EEC of the European Commission. The study was based on the effects of the test compound 11 -Aminoundecanoic acid on Pseudokirchnerella subcapitata in a static fresh water system at an average temperature of 23.0 ± 1ᵒC and pH of 8.0, respectively under constantly illumination of light with intensity between 6000 to 10000lx. Test chemical conc. used for the study were 0, 4.5, 7.4, 12.3, 20.2, 33.4, 55.1, 90.9 and 150 mg/l, respectively (nominal concentrations). Stock solution prepared at the beginning of the test, by adding 150 ml of substance in 1 l of dilution water. After about one hour of agitation, the solution was and homogenate. The No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) is determined by a statistical procedure: analysis of variance and Dunnett's test. The 72hr-EC50 values of 11 -Aminoundecanoic acid (CAS No. 2432 -99 -7) to Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was determined as 53 and 23 mg/L, respectively for growth rate and biomass and the NOEC value was determined to be 4.5 mg/l, respectively. Thus, based on EC50 value, it can be concluded that the substance 11 -Aminoundecanoic acid can be considered as toxic to aquatic organisms. Since the test chemical is readily biodegradable in nature, chemical 11 -Aminoundecanoic acid can be considered as non-toxic to aquatic organisms and thus can be considered as not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.

 

Thus, based on the overall reported results for target chemical 2 -bromoethanaminium bromide (UERL study report, 2017) and for its read across substance (from secondary source), it can be concluded that the test substance 2 -bromoethanaminium bromide can be considered as non-toxic to aquatic organisms at environmentally relevant concentrations and can be considered to be not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.