Carbon tetrachloride

Biotransformation and kinetics

Administrative data

Endpoint:

biotransformation and kinetics

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Very well documented publication; no guideline available; not under GLP

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Uptake, distribution and effects of carbon tetrachloride in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)

Author:

Statham, C.N.

Year:

1978

Bibliographic source:

Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 45, 131-140

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

no guideline available

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Exposure of fish to radiolabeled CTC in water and directly by intraperitoneal injection. Evaluation of uptake, distribution and elimination measuring the 14C-CTC present in blood, bile and different tissues.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Type of medium:

aquatic

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Carbon tetrachloride

EC Number:

200-262-8

EC Name:

Carbon tetrachloride

Cas Number:

56-23-5

Molecular formula:

CCl4

IUPAC Name:

tetrachloromethane

Details on test material:

Radioactive CTC obtained from Amersham/Searle (Illinois).

Results and discussion

Transformation products:

no

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Executive summary:

Effects of CTC in rainbow trout after water exposure and by intraperitoneal injection were analyzed. The fish, after a period of acclimatization (at least 1 week), were exposed to radiolabeled CTC by exposure water or directly by i.p. administration. A control group was used for both administration routes.

Fish administrated intraperitoneally were sacrificed after 6 h and blood, tissue and serum samples were assayed. The fish were also subjected to histological examination (liver, spleen). I.p. injection produced 5 -10 fold increases in serum GOT, GPT and ICD activities, without elevating liver triglyceride concentrations.Vacuolization, focal and laminar necrosis were observed in liver.

The spleen displayed severe laminar necrosis of the splenic capsule and parenchyma.

CTC administrated intraperitoneally resulted in much higher liver concentrations at all time periods, compared to water exposure groups.

Fish exposed to water with radiolabeled CTC (1 -80 mg/L ) were transferred to fresh flowing dechlorinated water after 2 hr exposure period. Approximately 22% of the radioactivity removed from the exposure water was accounted for in the fish (whole body). The remaining 78% presumably was lost to the atmosphere (static system with continuous areation). Uptake by water exposure was rapid and levels reached a plateau in liver, muscles, and blood at 15 to 30 min, but increased further in fat, suggesting

a redistribution to the adipose tissue. After 2 h of exposure, 14C-levels were highest in fat followed by liver and brain, and lowest in skin and gill. Half-lives for elimination were about 2-4 h except for live(39 h) and rates  followed first-order kinetics.

Exposure up to 80 mg/L produced neither mortality nor significant changes in enzymatic activities.