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EC number: 202-626-1 | CAS number: 98-00-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Effects on fertility
Description of key information
Two 14 week studies have been conducted, one in mice and one in rats, to investigate the effects of repeated exposure to furfuryl alcohol by inhalation. These studies were conducted as preliminaries to two year studies and included evaluation of vaginal cytology and sperm analysis. No treatment-related effects on estrous cyclicity, sperm number or motility were detected and no potential for impaired reproductive performance indicated.
Additional information
There are no fertility or reproduction studies available for furfuryl alcohol or for furfural. From the evaluation of estrus cyclicity and sperm analysis conducted as part of 14 week repeat dose inhalation studies with furfuryl alcohol , there is no indication of any adverse effect in rats or in mice, that would impair reproductive performance.
Effects on developmental toxicity
Description of key information
There is no available developmental toxicity study of furfuryl alcohol. A developmental toxicity study in rats is available for furfural (proximate metabolite). On the basis of this study, neither furfural nor furfuryl alcohol are considered to have the potential to cause developmental or teratogenic effects at dose levels below a maternally lethal dose.
Effect on developmental toxicity: via oral route
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- 100 mg/kg bw/day
Additional information
Based on comparable absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of furfural and furfuryl alcohol it is considered appropriate to consider data for the proximate metabolite, furfural, for systemic toxicity.
The available OECD Guideline 414 developmental toxicity study in rats used the oral (gavage) route of administration for furfural (Nemec, 1997). This key study was described in the Risk Assessment Report of 2-Furaldehyde (Furfural) published as a final version by the EU in 2008.Mated female rats were dosed with 0, 50, 100 or 150 mg/kg bw/day furfural from days 6 to 15 of gestation. The highest dose level of 150 mg/kg bw/day produced maternal lethality and was unsuitable for the evaluation of developmental toxicity. The maternal NOAEL was considered to be less than 50 mg/kg bw/day, based on clinical observations (exophthalmia) at all dose levels. The developmental NOAEL was considered to be 100 mg/kg bw/day, the highest dose level that could be evaluated; no teratogenicity was observed at this dose level.
Toxicity to reproduction: other studies
Additional information
For female rats and mice, at approximately 18 weeks of age and following 12 weeks repeated exposure to furfuryl alcohol at concentrations of up to 32 ppm, vaginal samples were collected for up to 12 consecutive days prior to the end of the study. The period of exposure to furfuryl alcohol was consistent with the pre-mating period for a reproduction study and the animals were of a similar age. The vaginal samples were evaluated for the relative frequency of estrous stages and for estrous cycle length and the stage of estrous cycle was determined (diestrus, proestrus, estrus or metestrus).
For male rats and mice, at approximately 18 weeks of age and following 14 weeks repeated exposure to furfuryl at concentrations of up to 32 ppm, sperm samples were collected at the end of the study. The period of exposure to furfuryl alcohol was slightly longer than required for the pre-mating period for a reproduction study and the animals were of an equivalent age for mating. The samples were evaluated for sperm count and motility and the left cauda epididymis, left epididymis, and left testis were weighed.
There was no effect of furfuryl alcohol on estrous cyclicity or on sperm parameters in rats or mice at exposure concentrations of up to 32 ppm (equivalent to 128 mg/m3).
Justification for classification or non-classification
Exposure to furfuryl alcohol by inhalation for 14 weeks caused no adverse effect on sperm count or motility or on estrous cyclicity in rats or in mice. Although there are no reproduction data available to confirm the lack of effect, the existing data indicate that furfuryl alcohol is not a reproductive toxicant. The assessment of developmental toxicity in rats exposed to furfural by oral gavage confirmed a lack of effect on the foetus in the presence of maternal toxicity. These data provide adequate information from which to assess the potential of furfuryl alcohol to induce reproductive or developmental effects and to conclude that classification under the DSD or CLP is not warranted.
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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