4'-cyanoacetophenone

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Biodegradation in water

Estimation Programs Interface Suite (EPI suite, 2017) was run to predict the biodegradation potential of the test compound 4'-Cyanoacetophenone (CAS no. 1443 -80 -7) in the presence of mixed populations of environmental microorganisms. The biodegradability of the substance was calculated using seven different models such as Linear Model, Non-Linear Model, Ultimate Biodegradation Timeframe, Primary Biodegradation Timeframe, MITI Linear Model, MITI Non-Linear Model and Anaerobic Model (called as Biowin 1-7, respectively) of the BIOWIN v4.10 software. The results indicate that chemical 4'-Cyanoacetophenone is expected to be readily biodegradable.

 

Biodegradation in water and sediment

Estimation Programs Interface (EPI Suite, 2017) prediction model was run to predict the half-life in water and sediment for the test compound 4'-Cyanoacetophenone

(CAS No. 1443 -80 -7). If released in to the environment, 25.3% of the chemical will partition into water according to the Mackay fugacity model level III and the half-life period of

4'-Cyanoacetophenone in water is estimated to be 15 days (360 hrs). The half-life (15 days estimated by EPI suite) indicates that the chemical is not persistent in water and the exposure risk to aquatic animals is moderate to low whereas the half-life period of 4'-Cyanoacetophenone in sediment is estimated to be 135 days (3240 hrs). However, as the percentage release of test chemical into the sediment is less than 1% (i.e, reported as 0.0822%), indicates that 4'-Cyanoacetophenone is not persistent in sediment.

Biodegradation in soil

The half-life period of 4'-Cyanoacetophenone (CAS No.1443 -80 -7) in soil was estimated using Level III Fugacity Model by EPI Suite version 4.1 estimation database (EPI suite, 2017). If released into the environment, 73.2% of the chemical will partition into soil according to the Mackay fugacity model level III. The half-life period of 4'-Cyanoacetophenone in soil is estimated to be 30 days (720 hrs). Based on this half-life value of 4'-Cyanoacetophenone, it is concluded that the chemical is not persistent in the soil environment and the exposure risk to soil dwelling animals is moderate to low.

Additional information

Biodegradation in water

Predicted data for the target compound 4'-Cyanoacetophenone (CAS No. 1443-80-7) and various supporting weight of evidence studies for its read across substance were reviewed for the biodegradation end point which are summarized as below:

 

In a prediction using the Estimation Programs Interface Suite (EPI suite, 2017), the biodegradation potential of the test compound 4'-Cyanoacetophenone(CAS No. 1443-80-7) in the presence of mixed populations of environmental microorganisms was estimated.The biodegradability of the substance was calculated using seven different models such as Linear Model, Non-Linear Model, Ultimate Biodegradation Timeframe, Primary Biodegradation Timeframe, MITI Linear Model, MITI Non-Linear Model and Anaerobic Model (called as Biowin 1-7, respectively) of the BIOWIN v4.10 software. The results indicate that chemical4'-Cyanoacetophenoneis expected to be readily biodegradable.

 

In a supporting weight of evidence study from authoritative database (J-CHECK, 2017) for the read across chemical 1-(4-methylphenyl)ethan-1-one (CAS no. 122-00-9),biodegradation experiment was conducted for 14 days for evaluating the percentage biodegradability of read across substance 1-(4-methylphenyl)ethan-1-one. Activated sludge was used as a test inoculums for the study. Concentration of inoculum i.e, sludge used was 30 mg/l and initial test substance conc. used in the study was 100 mg/l, respectively. The percentage degradation of substance 1-(4-methylphenyl)ethan-1-one was determined to be 77, 92 and 96% by BOD, TOC removal and HPLC parameter in 14 days. Thus, based on percentage degradation,1-(4-methylphenyl)ethan-1-one is considered to be readily biodegradable in nature.

 

For the read across chemical 1-phenylethan-1-one (CAS no. 98-86-2) from peer reviewed journal (Kohei Urano and Zenji Kato, 1986), biodegradation study was conducted with an electrolytic respirometer for 14 days for evaluating the percentage biodegradability of read across substance 1-phenylethan-1-one at a temperature of 20± 1°C and pH 7 ± 1. Activated sludge was used as a test inoculums for the study. Concentration of inoculum i.e, sludge used was 30 mg/l and initial test substance conc. used in the study was 100 mg/l, respectively. JIS inorganic medium (1ml/300 ml) was used as a test medium for the study. The measurements of the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) curves and the concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were repeated two or three times for the test compound, and the reproducibilities were confirmed. The percentage degradation of substance 1-phenylethan-1-one was determined to be ranges from 65 to 73% by BOD and ThOD parameter in 11 days. Thus, based on percentage degradation,1 -phenylethan-1-one is considered to be readily biodegradable in nature.

 

Another biodegradation study was conducted for 5 days for evaluating the percentage biodegradability of the same read across substance 1-phenylethan-1-one (CAS no. 98-86-2) (Dinesh D. Vaishnav et. al; 1987). The biodegradation was determined using the BOD technique. Acclimated microbial culture capable of degrading the test chemical as sole carbon and energy source was used as a test inoculum obtained from by a conventional enrichment technique. Mineral salts medium containing either 250 mg/ of the chemical was inoculated with domestic sewage, and incubated on a rotary shaker (120 rpm) at 21 + 3°C. These cultures were stored individually at 4 °C in 0.2 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) containing 100 mg/L of the enrichment substrate. Test chemical and 1 mL of acclimated seed were added to 20 mL of dilution water in 300-mL BOD bottles. The bottles were then filled to capacity with dilution water, sealed, and incubated for 5 d at 21 ± 3 °C. Initial concentrations of test chemical in the BOD bottles ranged from 0 to 3.2 mg/L. Initial and 5-day dissolved 02 (DO) concentrations were measured using a YSI 54 oxygen meter with a self-stirring probe. The DO concentrations in randomly selected bottles were determined by the azide modification of the iodometric titration method. Nonlinear and linear regression were performed using the NLIN and REG procedures, respectively, in the Statistical Analysis System (SAS), on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's VAX 11/780 computer at Research Triangle Park, N.C. The percentage degradation of substance 1-phenylethan-1-one was determined to be 59.1% by ThOD parameter in 5 days. Thus, based on percentage degradation,1-phenylethan-1-one is considered to be readily biodegradable in nature.

 

In a supporting weight of evidence study from authoritative database (J-CHECK, 2017 and EnviChem, 2014) for the read across chemical 1-phenylethan-1-one (CAS no. 98-86-2),biodegradation study was conducted for 14 days for evaluating the percentage biodegradability of read across substance 1-phenylethan-1-one. The study was performed according to OECD Guideline 301 C (Ready Biodegradability: Modified MITI Test (I).Activated sludge was used as a test inoculums for the study. Concentration of inoculum i.e, sludge used was 30 mg/l and initial test substance conc. used in the study was 100 mg/l, respectively. The percentage degradation of substance 1-phenylethan-1-one was determined to be 64.7, 80.9 and 90.7% by BOD, TOC removal and GC parameter in 14 days. Thus, based on percentage degradation,1-phenylethan-1-one is considered to be readily biodegradable in nature.

 

On the basis of above results for target chemical 4'-Cyanoacetophenone (from EPI suite, 2017) and for its read across substance (from peer reviewed journals and authoritative database J-CHECK & EnviChem), it can be concluded that the test substance 4'-Cyanoacetophenone can be expected to be readily biodegradable in nature.

Biodegradation in water and sediment

Estimation Programs Interface (EPI Suite, 2017) prediction model was run to predict the half-life in water and sediment for the test compound 4'-Cyanoacetophenone

(CAS No. 1443 -80 -7). If released in to the environment, 25.3% of the chemical will partition into water according to the Mackay fugacity model level III and the half-life period of

4'-Cyanoacetophenone in water is estimated to be 15 days (360 hrs). The half-life (15 days estimated by EPI suite) indicates that the chemical is not persistent in water and the exposure risk to aquatic animals is moderate to low whereas the half-life period of 4'-Cyanoacetophenone in sediment is estimated to be 135 days (3240 hrs). However, as the percentage release of test chemical into the sediment is less than 1% (i.e, reported as 0.0822%), indicates that 4'-Cyanoacetophenone is not persistent in sediment.

Biodegradation in soil

The half-life period of 4'-Cyanoacetophenone (CAS No.1443 -80 -7) in soil was estimated using Level III Fugacity Model by EPI Suite version 4.1 estimation database (EPI suite, 2017). If released into the environment, 73.2% of the chemical will partition into soil according to the Mackay fugacity model level III. The half-life period of 4'-Cyanoacetophenone in soil is estimated to be 30 days (720 hrs). Based on this half-life value of 4'-Cyanoacetophenone, it is concluded that the chemical is not persistent in the soil environment and the exposure risk to soil dwelling animals is moderate to low.

On the basis of available information, the test substance 4'-Cyanoacetophenone can be considered to be readily biodegradable in nature.