Tangor, Murcote, ext.

Biodegradation in water: screening tests

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability

Type of information:

other: Known constituent approach

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

2015

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: see 'Remark'

Remarks:

Tangerine oil is a Natural Complex Substance (NCS). With 97% of the constituents of Tangerine oil known, this NCS can be considered as a well defined NCS. Tangerine oil typically consists for 88% (80-90%) of d-limonene and a range of minor constituents. If the constituents of the NCS are readily biodegradable, the NCS itself is readily biodegradable as well.

Justification for type of information:

No test result on the biodegradation of Tangerine oil is available. According to the NCS Protocol (The Registration for REACH of Natural Complex Substances used as Fragrance Ingredients Revision 2, January 7, 2009 and EFEO/IFRA Guidelines on the Environmental Assessment of Natural Complex Substances (NCS) Version 01, May 26, 2016), the assessment of the biodegradability of a NCS can be based on a constituent approach.

The read across justification is attached under 'background material'

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 301 B (Ready Biodegradability: CO2 Evolution Test)

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 301 C (Ready Biodegradability: Modified MITI Test (I))

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 310 (Ready Biodegradability - CO2 in Sealed Vessels (Headspace Test)

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 301 D (Ready Biodegradability: Closed Bottle Test)

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Assessment of the Ready biodegradability of the known constituents; addition of the percentage of readily biodegradable constituents in the mixture gives the fraction of ready biodegradable substances. If this fraction exceeds 75%, the NCS is classified as 'readily biodegradable'.

GLP compliance:

no

Oxygen conditions:

aerobic

Inoculum or test system:

mixture of sewage, soil and natural water

Remarks:

several guideline tests with different inocula were used

Duration of test (contact time):

28 d

Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:

CO2 evolution

Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:

O2 consumption

Key result

Parameter:

% degradation (O2 consumption)

Value:

>= 60

Sampling time:

28 d

Remarks on result:

other:

Remarks:

Decanal, γ-Terpinene, Linalool

Key result

Parameter:

% degradation (CO2 evolution)

Value:

>= 60

Sampling time:

28 d

Remarks on result:

other:

Remarks:

D-limonene,a-Pinene, b-pinene, Citral, b-Myrcene

Details on results:

Details for all constituents are summarised in window "Any other information on results" and in attached document

Assessment of the biodegradability of TANGERINE OIL:

All identified constituents, totalling 97% of the composition, are readily biodegradable, see underlying data in table below.

Constituent	Results of biodegradation assessment
D-limonene C10H16	READILY BIODEGRADABLE: - Headspace CO2: 71.4% (Quest 1993). The biodegradability of perfume ingredients in the sealed vessel test. - MITI (I) / OECD 301C, improved for volatile substance: Limonene 14d - BOD: 41, 81, 98% Direct analysis: GC: 100%; TOC 50, 73, 81% (MITI 1980 http://www.safe.nite.go.jp/sitemap/db_map_e.html) - Readily biodegradable (Misra, G.; Pavlostathis, S. G.; Perdue, E. M.; Araujo, R. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (1996), 45(6), 831-838.)
alpha-Pinene C10H16	READILY BIODEGRADABLE: - OECD301B, sealed vessels: 62% (28d), 70% (42d) (Astra Zeneca, 2001, ECB PBT#84 http://ecb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/documents/PBT_EVALUATION/PBT_sum084_CAS_91770-80-8.pdf).                                                 - MITI (I) / OECD 301C: 28d - BOD: 91, 90, 95% Direct analysis: GC: 100, 100, 100% (MITI 2007: http://www.safe.nite.go.jp/sitemap/db_map_e.html)
beta-pinene C10H16	READILY BIODEGRADABLE: Read-across froma-Pinene, based on structural analogy Supporting evidence from: - OECD301B, sealed vessels Gum turpentine (50.9% alpha-pinene, 36.8% beta-pinene): 52% mineralisation in 28d (Astra Zeneca, 2001, ECB PBT#84). This high level of biodegradation cannot be caused by degradation only ofa-pinene, so alsob-pinene is degraded.
γ-Terpinene C10H16	READILY BIODEGRADABLE - MITI (I) / OECD 301C, improved for volatile substance: 28 d - BOD: 94% Direct analysis: TOC 77%, GC: 100% (MITI 1988) Remarks: - The test substance changed partially to form p-Isopropylbenzoic acid. - Based on the results of the test substance and p-Isopropylbenzoic acid (CAS 536-66-3, Ready Biodegradable) (a product), the test substance was judged to be a substance of ready-biodegradation.http://www.safe.nite.go.jp/sitemap/db_map_e.html) Supporting evidence from: - Readily biodegradable: aerobic, soil inoculum, disappearance of parent monitored with some supporting CO2 / biomass data (Misra, G.; Pavlostathis, S. G.; Perdue, E. M.; Araujo, R. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (1996) 45(6): 831-838)
beta-Myrcene C10H16O	READILY BIODEGRADABLE: - OECD 310 Carbon Dioxide Headspace test: CO2 production: 73% (Van Ginkel 2009) - MITI (I) / OECD 301C, improved for volatile substance: 14d - BOD: 86% Direct analysis: GC: 99%; TOC: 97% (MITI 1987: http://www.safe.nite.go.jp/sitemap/db_map_e.html)
Linalool	READILY BIODEGRADABLE: - OECD 301C: 80% (Givaudan 1991) - OECD Modified 301B, sealed CO2: 97.1% (QUEST 1994)                               - Readily biodegradable (Misra, G.; Pavlostathis, S. G.; Perdue, E. M.; Araujo, R. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (1996), 45(6), 831-838.)  - MITI (I) / OECD 301C: 28d - BOD: 90% Direct analysis: TOC 99% GC: 100%; (MITI 1996 http://www.safe.nite.go.jp/sitemap/db_map_e.html)
Citral	READILY BIODEGRADABLE: - Modified 301B, sealed vessels CO2: 92.1% in 28 d (Quest 1994) - MITI (I) / OECD 301C, improved for volatile substance (Citral is mixture of neral and geranial): 28d - BOD: 92% Direct analysis: TOC: 78%; GC: 100% The test substance formed 6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one (2-2480) and Geranic acid in (Water + Test Substance) system. (MITI 1991: http://www.safe.nite.go.jp/sitemap/db_map_e.html)
Decanal	READILY BIODEGRADABLE: - OECD 301D Closed Bottle test: BOD 66% (14d) AND - OECD 310 Carbon Dioxide Headspace test: CO2 production 72% (14d), > 80% (28d) (RIFM/Givaudan/Akzo Nobel: A. Lapczynski, D. Salvito, K. Jenner, R. Geerts, C. Van Ginkel: Ready biodegradability testing of volatile poorly water soluble fragrances; Possible pitfalls. Poster SETAC North America 29th Ann. Meeting Tampa, Fl, November 2008, http://rifm.org/doc/RIFM%20SETAC%20Tampa%20Poster%20112008.pdf)
	Fraction of NCS readily biodegradable

 

The complete asssessment is added attached to this study record. Studies mentioned by Company Name are included in the RIFM database.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Interpretation of results:

readily biodegradable

Conclusions:

Tangerine oil is considered as readily biodegradable.

Executive summary:

Tangerine oil is a Natural Complex Substance (NCS) for which 97% of the constituents is identified. Tangerine oil typically consists for 88 % of d-limonene (range 80 -90%). Other constituents are alicyclic and aliphatic terpenoids. As no valid empirical results from a test for the ready biodegradation of Tangerine oil are available, the assessment is based on its constituents. The assumption is that if the constituents of the NCS are readily biodegradable, the NCS itself is readily biodegradable as well.

All identified constituents, comprising 97% of the compostions of this NCS are readily biodegradable.

Therefore, Tangerine oil is considered as readily biodegradable.

 

Description of key information

Tangerine oil is a Natural Complex Substance (NCS) for which 97% of the constituents is identified. Tangerine oil typically consists for 88 % of d-limonene (range 80 -90%). Other constituents are alicyclic and aliphatic terpenoids. As no valid empirical results from a test for the ready biodegradation of Tangerine oil are available, the assessment is based on its constituents. The assumption is that if the constituents of the NCS are readily biodegradable, the NCS itself is readily biodegradable as well. All identified constituents, comprising 97% of the compostions of this NCS are readily biodegradable. Therefore, Tangerine oil is considered as readily biodegradable.

 

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Biodegradation in water:

readily biodegradable

Type of water:

freshwater