Alcohols, C9-11, branched and linear, ethoxylated

Water solubility

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

water solubility

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

15 Nov 2019 - 21 Feb 2020

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 105 (Water Solubility)

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method A.6 (Water Solubility)

GLP compliance:

no

Type of method:

flask method

Water solubility:

>= 400 - <= 800 mg/L

Loading of aqueous phase:

3 other: average; 1.5-4.5 g/L

Incubation duration:

>= 24 - <= 48 h

Temp.:

20 °C

pH:

>= 7.6 - <= 8.2

Preliminary test:

Experiment	Water [mL]	Test Item [mg]	Result
A	2.0	50.9	Hazy mixture
B	2.0	12.3	Hazy mixture
C	8.0	6.3	Hazy mixture
D	30	8.7	Hazy mixture
E	100	4.5	Clear solution

Based on these results, the flask method is suitable for the determination of the water solubility of the test item.

The aliquots aqueous phase and standard solution used for the measurement are given in the table below. The amount of internal standard (calculated from the concentration of the internal standard solution) in the test solutions is also given. The intensities representing OCH2 and OCH2CH2C functionalities of the test item were determined relative to the signal of the internal standard potassium hydrogen phthalate (integral normalized to 100).

Test solution	Time (h)	Aliquot aqueous phase (mg)	Aliquot standard solution (mg)	Internal standard (mg)	Integral 1 (OCH2)	Integral 2 (OCH2CH2C)
1	24	905.88	115.47	2.247	40.84	2.76
1	48	908.31	111.30	2.165	35.24	2.62
2	24	900.27	108.03	2.102	43.75	2.76
2	48	910.66	117.40	2.284	52.05	2.56
3	24	903.27	113.76	2.213	68.76	2.79
3	48	929.36	108.03	2.102	56.48	3.14

These signals are used as markers for the quantification of the test item in the aqueous phases of the test mixtures.

The table below summarizes the water solubilities determined for the test item using the following marker signals in the 1H NMR spectrum of the aqueous phases of the test mixtures:

Test solution	Time (h)	Nominal loading (g/L)	Water solubility determined using marker OCH2 (mg/L)		Water solubility determined using marker OCH2CH2C (mg/L)
1	24	1.57	436	399	212	203
1	48	1.56	361		194
2	24	3.16	439	500	200	199
2	48	3.13	561		199
3	24	4.40	724	637	212	216
3	48	4.46	549		220

The determined water solubility of the test item appears to be a function of the loading/concentration in the aqueous solution test mixtures. This can be explained by the enrichment of the more polar species in the aqueous phase. Since a higher ethoxylation grade causes a higher polarity, the OCH2 signal is more sensitive to this enrichment than the OCH2CH2C signal, representing the fatty alcohol alkyl chains. It was not possible to specifically identify which constituents of the test item were more water soluble than others using the non-specific 1H NMR method. Due to the independent solubility characteristics of the test item, no discrete value for the water solubility could be determined. An enrichment of the more polar components of the test item in the aqueous phase was observed.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

water solubility

Type of information:

mixture rules calculation

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

2012

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

accepted calculation method

Justification for type of information:

QSAR prediction

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Calculations were performed for the linear free alcohols and ethoxylated alcohols (AE) with ethoxylation degree of 1 and 3, respectively, using EPISuite v4.10, WATERNT v1.01 est (estimate from fragments).

In order to derive a single value for risk assessment, the various calculated vapour pressure values were weight-averaged using normalized values for composition (free alcohols, C9 AE, C10 AE and C11 AE).

GLP compliance:

no

Type of method:

other: QSAR

Water solubility:

174.3 mg/L

Temp.:

25 °C

Remarks on result:

other: weight-averaged value

Individual calculated values for water solubility (taken from the EPIsuite v 4.10 report, 2012)

 

structure	SMILES notation used in calculation	EPI water sol. calc. [mg/L]
Alcohol, C9	CCCCCCCCCO	246.7
Alcohol, C10	CCCCCCCCCCO	78.606
Alcohol, C11	CCCCCCCCCCCO	24.849
Alcohol ethoxylates, C9, 1 EO	OCCOCCCCCCCCC	511.06
Alcohol ethoxylates, C10, 1 EO	OCCOCCCCCCCCCC	159.46
Alcohol ethoxylates, C11, 1 EO	OCCOCCCCCCCCCCC	49.516
Alcohol ethoxylates, C9, 3 EO	OCCOCCOCCOCCCCCCCCC	1889.2
Alcohol ethoxylates, C10, 3 EO	OCCOCCOCCOCCCCCCCCCC	576.44
Alcohol ethoxylates, C11, 3 EO	OCCOCCOCCOCCCCCCCCCCC	175.48

 

 

Mean calculated values for water solubility for each ‘sub’-group

	Mean calc. water sol. [mg/L]
Free alcohols (avg of C9, C10 and C11)	116.72
C9-EO (avg of 1EO and 3EO)	1200.13
C10-EO (avg of 1EO and 3EO)	367.95
C11-EO (avg of 1EO and 3EO)	112.498

 

 

Result:

Weight-averaged water solubility of the whole substance based on normalized composition: 174.3 mg/L

QSAR result; pH is not reported. For detailed description of the model and its applicability, see "Any other information on materials and methods incl. tables".

Conclusions:

Interpretation of results (migrated information): moderately soluble (100-1000 mg/L)

Reference 3

Endpoint:

water solubility

Type of information:

calculation (if not (Q)SAR)

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

2012

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

accepted calculation method

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method A.6 (Water Solubility)

Principles of method if other than guideline:

estimation by suitable equations (Lyman et al, 1990)
WATERNTv1.01
WSKOWv1.41

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Type of method:

other: QSAR

Water solubility:

>= 1.69 - <= 69.3 mg/L

Remarks on result:

other: Estimation by suitable equations (Lyman)

Water solubility:

>= 94.58 - <= 246.7 mg/L

Temp.:

25 °C

Remarks on result:

other: WATERNTv1.01

Water solubility:

>= 43.7 - <= 157.6 mg/L

Temp.:

25 °C

Remarks on result:

other: WSKOWv1.41

Details on results:

Estimation by suitable equations (Lyman):
The Log P was substituted into the two mentioned equations and then followed by the calculation of the geometric mean.

Based on the three estimation procedures described, the range of estimated water solubility has been determined as 46.66 – 157.6 mg/L.

Description of key information

400-800 mg/L, loadings 1.5 to 4.5 g/L, temp. 20 °C, pH 7.6 to 8.2 (OECD 105, flask method).

Supporting studies:

1. estimated by calculation (based on structure and fragments): 0.00169 – 0.0693 g/L (Lyman et al.)
2. estimated by calculation (based on fragments): 0.0946 -0.247 g/L (EPIsuite v4.10, WATERNT v 1.01 est)
3. estimated by calculation (based on calculated log Pow): 0.0437 – 0.157 g/L (EPIsuite v4.10, WSKOW v1.41)
4. estimated by calculation (based on fragments, weight-averaged): 0.1743 g/L (EPIsuite v4.10, WATERNT v 1.01 est)

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Water solubility:

400 mg/L

at the temperature of:

25 °C

Additional information

The key value for chemical safety assessment is obtained from the recent study according to OECD 105 (flask method). Here an enrichment of the more polar components of the test item in the aqueous phase was observed.

In addition, the following types of calculations were applied:

1. a combination of calculations according to Lyman et al. (1990) and EPIsuite v4.10 (structures considered in calculations not further specified)

2. based on EPIsuite v 4.10, WATERNT v 1.01 est, water solubility values for (possible) individual constituents of the substance; a weighting based on normalized composition was applied to derive a water solubility value for the whole substance.