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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.

The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.

Diss Factsheets

Administrative data

Link to relevant study record(s)

Description of key information

The bioconcentration factor (BCF) of d-limonene was estimated by two QSAR models:
- BCFBAF v3.01 module of EPI Suite (v4.1) - Regression-based estimate
- BCF-BAF v3.01 module of EPI Suite (v4.1) (including biotransformation) - Arnot-Gobas lower trophic level

The prediction including biotransformation rate estimates is the most appropriate for monoterpene substances, such as d-limonene.


The estimated fish BCF of d-limonene is 690.1 L/kg (geometric mean of results of the three QSAR models): it is the most conservative value obtained with both models according to ECHA guidance (chapter R.7.c, 2017) recommendation on evaluation of non testing data.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

BCF (aquatic species):
917.8 L/kg ww

Additional information

The estimated fish BCF of d-limonene is defined as the most conservative value otained with both models according to ECHA guidance (chapter R.7.c, 2017) recommendation on evaluation of non testing data.

This conservative value is considered as the endpoint defining the substance potential for bioaccumulation and can be used as input parameter for environmental risk assessment.