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EC number: 203-942-2 | CAS number: 112-17-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2017-06-12 to 2017-10-26
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2011
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2009
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Sampling method: at test start, after 24 and 48 hours and at the end of the test (after the 72 hours test period)
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: 4 ± 4°C
- Fortified samples: 50 mg of the test item were dissolved in 50 mL acetonitrile to obtain a stock solution of approx.1 g test item/L. Different dilutions were carried out and exact values are documented in the raw data of the study. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION:
- Stock solution: 400.4 mg of test item/L in 2002 mL test water, mixed manually;
- Dilutions of stock solution: 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16 prepared for testing
- Controls: test water without addition of the test item - Test organisms (species):
- Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (previous names: Raphidocelis subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata
- Strain: No. 61.81 SAG
- Source: available in study report
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): 3 days old pre-culture - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Hardness:
- 0.24 mmol/L as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 21.8 to 23.9 °C
- pH:
- 6.0 to 6.1 at test start and 6.3 to 6.5 at test end
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations: stock solution (test substance in test media with a concentration as close to saturation as possible) and dilutions of 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16
Measured concentrations (geometric mean measured): 0.495, 0.164, 0.0488, 0.0350 and 0.0253 mg test item/L - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Erlenmeyer flasks of 50mL volume
- Initial cells density: at test start approx. 5000 algal cells/mL were incubated (nominal)
- Control: reconstituted water (OECD medium), test water without addition of the test item
- No. of organisms per vessel: approx. 5000 algal cells/mL
- No. of treatment groups: 6 (5 dose rates of the test item and a control)
- No. of replicates: 3 per test concentration and 6 for the control
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: OECD medium
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: yes
- Photoperiod: continuous illumination
- Light intensity (mean): 5045 lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: influence of test item on yield and growth rate of organisms
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: test item dissolved in OECD medium and stock solution dilutions of 1:10, 1:100, 1:1000
- Sampling points : at test start (0h) and test end (72h).
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: nominal concentration of 200 mg test item/L caused inhibition rates of 96.1 % for yield and 100 % for growth rate. The lower concentrations showed no inhibitory effect on algal cell growth. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate tested at least twice a year
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.113 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 0.064 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.049 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.076 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Yield inhibition
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 0.043 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Yield inhibition
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.049 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Yield inhibition
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes
- Unusual cell shape: no morphological abnormalities - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? yes
- EC50: 1.12 mg/L growth rate inhibition (95% conf. interval) and 0.549 mg/L yield inhibition (95% conf. interval)
- EC10: 0.541 mg/L growth rate inhibition (95% conf. interval) and 0.278 mg/L yield inhibition (95% conf. interval: ) - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Based on the calculated cell densities, the 72 hours ErC50 and the 72 hours EyC50 (see Definitions), the corresponding EC20 and EC10 values and where possible their 95%-confidence limits were calculated by Probit analysis.
For the determination of the 72 hours LOEC and the 72 hours NOEC, the calculated growth rates and yields at each test concentration were tested for significant differences compared to the control values by Williams t-test.
The software used to perform the statistical analysis was ToxRat Professional, Version 3.2.1, ToxRat Solutions GmbH. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- After an exposure of 72 h, the test item was found to inhibit the growth of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. The reported EC50-values are 0.113 mg/L for growth rate inhibition and 0.076 mg/L when yield inhibition was studied. The 72-hour EC10-values for inhibition of growth rate and yield were 0.064 and 0.043 mg/L, respectively.
- Executive summary:
For this endpoint, one study is available in which the effect of the test item on growth of freshwater green algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata after 72 hours exposure was assessed according to OECD 201. The organisms were exposed over a period of 72 hours to 5 concentrations of the test item (nominal concentrations were stock solution and its dilutions: 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16).
Validity criteria were fulfilled with this test set-up.
The test item was found to inhibit the growth of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. The 72-hour EC50-values with 95 % confidence intervals for both inhibition of growth rate (ErC50) and yield (EyC50) were 0.113 and 0.076 mg/L. The EC10-values for inhibition of growth rate and yield after 72 hours were 0.064 and 0.043 mg/L, respectively.
Reference
Growth rate during test period of 72 h:
Geometric mean measured concentration (mg test item/L) | no. of replicates | Growth rates μ [1/day] after (mean) | ||
0-24h | 0-48h | 0-72h | ||
Control | 6 | 1.434 | 1.796 | 1.596 |
standard dev | 0.376 | 2.728 | 11.597 | |
0.0253 | 3 | 1.577 | 1.806 | 1.601 |
standard dev | 0.313 | 2.829 | 13.522 | |
0.0350 | 3 | 1.457 | 1.761 | 1.561 |
standard dev | 0.313 | 4.123 | 7.215 | |
0.0488 | 3 | 0.926 | 1.402 | 1.579 |
standard dev | 0.205 | 1.379 | 14.177 | |
0.164 | 3 | 0.688 | 0.460 | 0.316 |
standard dev | 0.118 | 0.121 | 1.048 | |
0.495 | 3 | 0.184 | 0 | 0 |
standard dev | 0.092 | 0 | 0 |
Growth Rates μ and percentage inhibition of μ during the test period:
Geometric mean measured concentration (mg test item/L) | no. of replicates | 0-24h | 0-48h | 0-72h |
% inhibition of μ | % inhibition of μ | % inhibition of μ | ||
Control | 6 | / | / | / |
0.0253 | 6 | -10 | -0.5 | -0.3 |
0.0350 | 6 | -1.6 | 2 | 2.2 |
0.0488 | 6 | 35.4 | 21.9 | 1.1 |
0.164 | 6 | 52 | 74.4 | 80.2 |
0.495 | 6 | 87.2 | 100 | 100 |
Results for the determination of the test item in the test samples:
Sample description (mg test item/L) |
Age (h) | |||
0 (fresh) | 24 (aged) | 48 (aged) | 72 (aged) | |
Control | ||||
Rep 1 | < LOD | < LOD | < LOD | < LOD |
Rep 2 | < LOD | < LOD | < LOD | < LOD |
E.F. | 2.5 | |||
Concentration calculated-mean | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
1:16 dilution of stock solution | ||||
Rep 1 | 0.135 | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOD |
Rep 2 | 0.140 | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOD |
E.F. | 2.5 | |||
Concentration calculated-mean | 0.055 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.012 |
1:8 dilution of stock solution | ||||
Rep 1 | 0.252 | 0.131 | < LOQ | < LOD |
Rep 2 | 0.238 | 0.125 | < LOQ | < LOD |
E.F. | 2.5 | |||
Concentration calculated-mean | 0.098 | 0.051 | 0.025 | 0.012 |
1: 4 dilution of stock solution | ||||
Rep 1 | 0.468 | 0.253 | < LOQ | < LOD |
Rep 2 | 0.478 | 0.247 | < LOQ | < LOD |
E.F. | 2.5 | |||
Concentration calculated-mean | 0.189 | 0.100 | 0.025 | 0.012 |
1:2 dilution of stock solution | ||||
Rep 1 | 0.984 | 0.521 | 0.317 | 0.175 |
Rep 2 | 0.960 | 0.523 | 0.311 | 0.182 |
E.F. | 2.5 | |||
Concentration calculated-mean | 0.389 | 0.209 | 0.126 | 0.071 |
stock solution | ||||
Rep 1 | 2.107 | 1.203 | 1.261 | 0.788 |
Rep 2 | 2.188 | 1.185 | 1.019 | 0.810 |
E.F. | 2.5 | |||
Concentration calculated-mean | 0.859 | 0.478 | 0.456 | 0.320 |
Description of key information
ErC50 (72 h): 0.113 mg/L based on growth inhibition of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (OECD 201)
ErC10 (72 h): 0.064 mg/L based on growth inhibition of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (OECD 201)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 0.113 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 0.064 mg/L
Additional information
One experimental study is available investigating the toxicity of the substance to aquatic freshwater algae. The study was conducted according to OECD 201 and GLP under static conditions using Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. 5 dilution levels of 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8 and 1:16 corresponding to geometric mean measured concentrations of 0.495, 0.164, 0.0488, 0.035 and 0.0253 mg/L. The test concentrations were verified by GC-FID analysis after 0, 24, 48,72 hours. Based on geometric mean measured concentrations, Inhibition of growth was recorded resulting in an ErC50 of 0.113 mg/L and an ErC10 of 0.064 mg/L after 72 h.
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