Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate

Toxicity to terrestrial arthropods

Administrative data

Endpoint:

toxicity to terrestrial arthropods: short-term

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

other information

Study period:

26 January 1989- 25 January 1990

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: see 'Remark'

Remarks:

GLP - Guideline study, tested with the source substance zinc(bis) dimethyldithiocarbamate (CAS No. 137-30-4). In accordance to the ECHA guidance document “Practical guide 6: How to report read-across and categories (March 2010)”, the reliability was changed from RL1 to RL2 to reflect the fact that this study was conducted on an read-across substance

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

1990

Report date:

1990

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EPA OPP 141-1 (Honey Bee Acute Contact Toxicity)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Application method:

contact

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Ziram

EC Number:

205-288-3

EC Name:

Ziram

Cas Number:

137-30-4

Molecular formula:

C6H12N2S4Zn

IUPAC Name:

zinc bis(dimethyldithiocarbamate)

Constituent 2

Reference substance name:

zinc bis dimethyldithiocarbamate

IUPAC Name:

zinc bis dimethyldithiocarbamate

Sampling and analysis

Analytical monitoring:

no

Test substrate

Vehicle:

yes

Details on preparation and application of test substrate:

Solution of ziram was prepared in dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO). The substance was used because ziram is insoluble in other solvents non-toxic to bees. The solubility of ziram in DMSO was found to be between 130 and 140 mg/L. DMSO does not interfere with absorption, distribution, metabolism or retention of ziram by the honeybees. DMSO does not alter the chemical properties of ziram or enhance, reduce or alter its toxic characteristics. DMSO does not affect the food and water consumption of the honeybees and DMSO does not produce physiological ewffects or have local or systemic activity to the honeybees.
Administration: bees of one cage at a time were lightly anaesthetised with carbon dioxide and a 1.0 µL droplet of the appropriate dilution of ziram was placed on the ventral surface of the thorax of each bee, using a micrometer syringe. The bees were then replaced in the cage.

Test organisms

Test organisms (species):

Apis mellifera

Animal group:

Hymenoptera (honeybees)

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Honey bee
- Source: Mr. R. Baker, 15 Abbots Crescent, St. Ives, Cambridgeshire, England
- Age at test initiation (mean and range, SD):
- Weight at test initiation (mean and range, SD):
- Date of collection:
- Cultural background (if honeybees):
- Disease free: yes / no
- Kept according to standard practices: yes / no


ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: Did not take place. Bees were dosed within 3-4 h of removal of the hide.
- Feeding: 20 % sucrose in water ad libitum
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): no information

Study design

Study type:

laboratory study

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Test conditions

Test temperature:

24 ± 1 ºC

Humidity:

The test room humidity was not controlled with the range 40 - 80 % and was not recorded during the test period. Humidity is not important to bees provided that they have ad libitum fluid to drink.

Photoperiod and lighting:

In order to minimise stress, the tests were conducted in darkness except for essential procedures.

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test container / cage (material, size): cylindrical wire mesh cages 11.5 cm long × 4.0 cm diameter
- Details of emergence and fecundity chambers:
- No. of organisms per container (treatment): 10
- No. of replicates per treatment group: 10
- No. of replicates per per control : 2


VEHICLE CONTROL PERFORMED: no


TEST CONCENTRATIONS
-Final study
- Test concentrations: 100 µg/bee
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 10, 100 µg/bee
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: yes

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal
Range finding test: 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 10 and 100 µg/bee
Final test: 100 µg/bee

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Results and discussion

Effect concentrations

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Effect conc.:

> 100 µg per animal

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Executive summary:

Materials and methods: The acute contact toxicity of ziram technical to honey bees was studied according to the EPA Pesticide Assessment Guidelines for Non-target Insects, Subdivision L, Series 141-1.

10 groups of 10 bees were all dosed at the maximum concentration of 100 µg/bee. 2 untreated control groups were also observed.

Results and discussion: After dosing the bees recovered normally from anaesthesia in 5-10 minutes. No abnormal behaviour was observed after 4, 24 and 48 hours and normal quantities of 20 % sucrose in water were taken during this period. Because only one concentration of ziram was tested no dose-related response was obtained and no statistical analysis was required.

Ziram technical has a low toxicity to bees with an LD50 greater than 100 µg/bee by contact application.