cis-hex-3-en-1-ol

Developmental toxicity / teratogenicity

Administrative data

Endpoint:

developmental toxicity

Remarks:

pre-natal development toxicity

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

Study initiation: 4 October 2019; Study completion: 26 April 2018

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2018

Report date:

2018

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 414 (Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Study)

Version / remarks:

2001

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

Minor deviations from stuy plan but not considered to comprimise the validity or integrity of the study (see overall remarks)

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Limit test:

no

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

cis-hex-3-en-1-ol

EC Number:

213-192-8

EC Name:

cis-hex-3-en-1-ol

Cas Number:

928-96-1

Molecular formula:

C6H12O

IUPAC Name:

hex-3-en-1-ol

Test material form:

liquid

Details on test material:

Test item: Cis-hex-3-en-1-ol (LFA [Leaf Alcohol])
Description: Clear liquid
Storage conditions: Room temperature, under nitrogen.
Lot number: 5Z51350
Purity/Concentration as supplied: 98.56%
Purity/Concentration for formulation: 100%
Expiration date: 21 June 2019

Test animals

Species:

rat

Strain:

Sprague-Dawley

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

Number of Animals:
The number of animals (20 time-mated females per group) was considered the minimum necessary to allow for meaningful interpretation of the outcome. The justification for 20 time mated females per group was based on the following two key concepts:
•The OECD Test Guideline 414 states that groups should contain a sufficient number of females to result in approximately 20 female animals with implantation sites at necropsy. Groups with fewer than 16 animals with implantation sites may be inappropriate. Some of the endpoints of principal interest (e.g., embryonic death, malformation) are low-frequency events .
•The normally expected pregnancy rate in this strain from the current vendor is approximately 90% with a range of 59 to 100%

Animal Information:
Animal model : Albino Rats (Outbred) VAF/Plus CD (Sprague-Dawley derived) [Crl:CD (SD]
Supplier: Charles River Laboratories
Number of animals received/placed on test: 80 time-mated females. The female rats selected for breeding were nulliparous and preferably virgin.
Age of the animals at receipt: Approximately 10 to 12 weeks on Gestation Day (GD) 0, where GD 0 was the day of detection of a copulatory plug in situ and/or sperm in a vaginal smear.
Weight range of the animals at start of treatment (GD 6): 227 g to 299 g

Pretest Period:
A 2 to 4 day pretest period was completed prior to commencement of dosing as dictated by the mating and receipt schedule of the animals. All animals were examined during the pretest period to confirm suitability for study. During this period, routine husbandry care and identification procedures were performed.

Assignment: Animals were randomly allocated to control or treated groups on arrival. Prior to dosing, the body weights obtained on GD 4 were reviewed to ensure minimization of inter-group variability based on those body weights.

Environmental Control:
Light/dark cycle: A twelve hour light/dark cycle was provided and controlled via an automatic timer.
Temperature and relative humidity: Monitored and maintained within the range of 20 to 26 °C and 30 to 70%.
There were no deviations from these ranges.

Animal Housing and Environmental Enrichment:
Cages: Polycarbonate cages with a stainless steel mesh lid.
Number of animals per cage: Individually housed.
Bedding: Teklad 7070C Certified Diamond Dry Cellulose Bedding. Provided to each cage throughout the study and changed at appropriate intervals each week.
Environmental enrichment: Provided to each cage throughout the study and replaced when necessary.

Feed:
Diet: Teklad Global 18% Protein Rodent Diet (Certified), 2018C
Availability: Without restriction. Fresh feed was presented as required.

Water:
Suppy: Potable water from the public supply via an automated watering system.
Availability: Without restriction

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Vehicle:

polyethylene glycol

Remarks:

(Polyethylene glycol 300, NF (PEG 300))

Details on exposure:

TEST ITEM PREPARATION:
Preparation of Dose Formulations:
Cis-hex-3-en-1-ol (LFA [Leaf Alcohol]) was prepared for administration by adding the appropriate amount of vehicle to the test item to achieve the desired concentrations and mixed with a magnetic stirrer.

Group 1: Control (Dose:0 mg/kg/day; Concentration: 0 mg/mL; Volume dose: 5 mL/kg)
Group 2: LFA (Dose: 100 mg/kg/day; Concentration: 20 mg/mL; Volume dose: 5 mL/kg)
Group 3: LFA (Dose: 300 mg/kg/day; Concentration: 60 mg/mL; Volume dose: 5 mL/kg)
Group 4: Test iem (Dose: 1000 mg/kg/day; concentration: 200 mg/mL; Volume dose: 5 mL/kg)

The test item was used as supplied when calculating quantities to be used during dose preparation. Fresh formulations were prepared weekly and were stored at room temperature (15-25 °C) when not in use.

Detailed records of test item usage were maintained. The amount of test item necessary to prepare the formulations and the amount actually used were determined at each preparation.

ADMINISTRATION OF TEST AND/OR CONTROL ITEM:
Route: Oral, by gavage, using a suitably graduated syringe and a rubber catheter inserted via the mouth.
Treated at: Constant doses in mg/kg/day.
Volume dose : 5 mL/kg body weight.
Individual dose volume: Calculated from the most recently recorded scheduled body weight.
Control (Group 1): Vehicle at the same volume dose as the treated groups.
Frequency and duration: The test and control (vehicle) items were administered once daily at approximately the same time each day (± 1 hour), 7 days per week, from GD 6 to 19, inclusive, where GD 0 is the day of detection of mating (copulatory plug in situ and/or sperm in a vaginal smear).
Sequence: By group
Formulation: Formulations were stirred using a magnetic stirrer for at least 20 minutes prior to and throughout the dosing procedure.
A daily record of the usage of formulation was maintained based on weights. This balance was compared with the expected usage as a check of correct administration. No significant discrepancy was found.

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

yes

Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

Dose formulations of the test item in vehicle, Polyethylene glycol 300, NF (PEG 300), were analyzed to confirm that the prepared dose forumulations were homogenious and that the administered concentrations were appropriate under the study conditions.

The analytical method validated involved dilution of test item formulation samples with sample diluent (100% Acetone) followed by quantification using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID).

The homogeneity and concentration results for the test item dose formulations of all groups analysed during the course of the study met the study plan specified acceptance critera. No test item was detected in the control samples. Therefore, all dose formulations used for dosing in this study met teh acceptance criteria required by the study plan.

Details on mating procedure:

- Proof of pregnancy: detection of a copulatory plug in situ and/or sperm in a vaginal smear (Gestation Day 0)

Duration of treatment / exposure:

The test and control (vehicle) items were administered once daily at approximately the same time each day (± 1 hour), 7 days per week, from GD 6 to 19, inclusive, where GD 0 is the day of detection of mating.

Frequency of treatment:

Once daily

Duration of test:

Gestation Day 0 (mating) to Gestation Day 20 (Cesarean section).

Doses / concentrations

Doses / concentrations 1

Dose / conc.:

0 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Remarks:

Group 1 - control

Doses / concentrations 2

Dose / conc.:

100 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Remarks:

Group 2

Doses / concentrations 3

Dose / conc.:

300 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Remarks:

Group 3

Doses / concentrations 4

Dose / conc.:

1 000 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Remarks:

Group 4

No. of animals per sex per dose:

20 females per dose.

Control animals:

yes, concurrent vehicle

Details on study design:

The purpose of this study was to assess any gross maternal and/or embryo-fetal toxicity of Cis hex-3-en-1-ol (LFA [Leaf Alcohol]) in the rat, following daily oral gavage administration during the period of major organogenesis, from implantation to the approximate day of closure of the hard palate, Gestation Days (GD) 6 to 19, with Cesarean section on GD 20.

- Dose selection rationale:
In an OECD 422 study (D51351) Cis-hex-3-en-1-ol (leaf alcohol) was administered orally (gavage) to female rats at dose levels of 0 (PEG 300), 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg/day (dose volume was 5 mL/kg) for 14 days prior to pairing, through the pairing and gestation periods until the F1 generation reached Day 3 or 4 postpartum (a maximum of 54 consecutive days). There were no test item-related effects on mortality, clinical observations, body weights, food consumption and functional observational battery at doses ≤ 300 mg/kg/day. In females at 1000 mg/kg/day, mean body weight, body weight gain and food consumption were slightly reduced (non-adverse) when compared with the control group. The mean precoital time, fertility index, gestation length, corpora lutea count, pre- and post-implantation loss, litter size at first litter check and postnatal loss were not affected by the treatment at ≤ 1000 mg/kg/day. There were no test item-related changes in the mean organ weights, organ to body weight ratios and organ to brain weight ratios and no gross lesions observed at necropsy in females treated with ≤ 1000 mg/kg/day. Based on the OECD 422 results, a NOAEL (No Observed Adverse Effect Level) for general toxicity in females was considered to be 1000 mg/kg/day, the highest dose level tested.

Examinations

Maternal examinations:

DAILY OBSERVATIONS:
Animals were observed in their cages twice daily for mortality and general condition.

DOSING OBSERVATIONS:
During the treatment period, all animals were observed for signs of toxic or pharmacologic effects once daily (1 ± 0.5 hour) after test item administration was completed for all animals in their respective dose groups.

SIGNS:
Animals were removed from their cages and examined on GD 4, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 and at termination. During the stabilization period and on GD 20, these evaluations were performed in the morning. During the treatment period, these evaluations were performed prior to first daily dosing (within approximately 30 minutes). Examinations included observations of general condition, skin and fur, eyes, nose, oral cavity, abdomen and external genitalia as well as evaluations of respiration.

BODY WEIGHT:
Animals were weighed on GD 4 and daily from GD 6 to 20.

FOOD CONSUMPTION:
Food consumption was measured (weighed) on GD 4 to 6, 6 to 9, 9 to 12, 12 to 15, 15 to 18 and 18 to 20.

TERMINAL INVESTIGATIONS:
MATERNAL SACRIFICE:
Macroscopic Examinations:
A necropsy (macroscopic examination) comprised of an external examination followed by an internal examination (excluding the cranial cavity) was performed. Minor sporadic lesions common to this strain of animal (i.e. localized patchy hair loss) were not sampled.

Scheduled Necropsy:
Scheduled necropsy was on GD 20.

Method of Euthanasia:
All adult females were euthanized by carbon dioxide inhalation followed by exsanguination. Live fetuses were euthanized by intraperitoneal injection of sodium pentobarbital.

Ovaries and uterine content:

Maternal sacrifice:
The intact uterus (ovaries attached) was removed from the abdominal cavity and weighed for all animals. Corpora lutea were counted and the number per ovary recorded for all animals. The uterus was then opened and the number and location of the following were recorded for each uterine horn:

- live fetuses
- dead fetuses (recently dead, no significant degeneration)
- late embryo-fetal deaths (recognizable dead embryo/fetus undergoing degeneration, regardless of size)
- early embryonic deaths (evidence of implantation, but no recognizable embryo), or stain-positive (see below)

The placenta associated with each fetus was examined macroscopically and weighed.

For apparently non-pregnant animals, and for apparently empty uterine horns, the number of implantation sites was checked by ammonium sulfide staining of the uterus (method modified from Salewski (Salewski, 1964)).

Fetal examinations:

EXTERNAL EXAMINATIONS:
All live fetuses at the scheduled necropsy were weighed, sexed, individually identified and examined externally for abnormalities, including examination of the eyes and palate.
All resorptions were discarded.

SOFT TISSUE (VISCERAL) EXAMINATIONS:
Following external examination, approximately one-half of the live fetuses in each litter (nominally alternating fetuses within the uterus) were euthanized and placed in Bouin’s fixative for preservation and decalcification. These fetuses were examined for soft tissue abnormalities by means of a combination of a micro-dissection technique derived from that of Staples (Staples, 1974) for examination of the torso, and a free-hand slicing technique derived from that of Wilson and Warkany (Wilson & Warkany, 1965) for examination of head and heart structures. During the examination, the sex of each fetus was determined by inspection of the gonads.

SKELETAL EXAMINATION:
Following external examination, approximately one-half of the live fetuses in each litter (nominally, alternating fetuses within the uterus) were euthanized, sexed by internal inspection, then eviscerated and processed for staining of the skeleton with Alizarin Red S. These preparations were then examined for skeletal abnormalities, including any affecting discernible cartilaginous structures, and for ossification state.

Statistics:

All statistical analyses were carried out using the individual animal or litter as the basic experimental unit.
The following data types were analyzed at each timepoint separately:

- maternal body weight
- maternal cumulative body weight change from baseline
- food consumption
- fetal weights per litter
- placental weights per litter
- litter size
- count of corpora lutea
- count of implantation sites
- percent pre-implantation loss
- percent post-implantation loss (resorptions and early/fetal deaths)
- sex ratio per litter

The following comparisons were made: Group 1 (control) vs 2, 3 and 4.

Indices:

Maternal sacrifice:
Gravid uterine adjusted body weight was calculated as:
Adj Bwt Day 20 = Body weight on Day 20 – Gravid Uterine Weight

Gravid uterine adjusted body weight change was calculated as:
Adj bwt change Days 6-20 = Adjusted body weight Day 20 – Body weight on Day 6

Pre-implantation loss was calculated as:
Number of corpora lutea - Number of implantations

Percent pre-implantation loss was calculated as:
(Number of corpora lutea - Number of implantations) ÷ Number of corpora lutea x 100

Post-implantation loss was calculated as:
Total number of resorptions + number of dead fetuses

Percent post-implantation loss was calculated as:
(Total number of resorptions and dead fetuses) ÷ Number of implantation sites x 100

Sex ratio (% males) was calculated as:
(Number of male pups ÷ Number of total pups) x 100

Historical control data:

Fetal examination results compared to published historical control ranges:
References:
Lewis, 2013. Reproductive Toxicology Historical Control Data for the Crl:CD® BR Rat 2008 to 2012. (2013). Elise M. Lewis, PhD, Director of Reproductive and Neurobehavioral Toxicology, Charles River Laboratories, Preclinical Services, Pennsylvania.

Lewis, 2016. Reproductive Toxicology Historical Control Data for the Crl:CD® BR Rat 2011 to 2015. (2016). Elise M. Lewis, PhD, Director of Reproductive and Neurobehavioral Toxicology, Charles River Laboratories, Preclinical Services, Pennsylvania.

Results and discussion

Results: maternal animals

General toxicity (maternal animals)

Clinical signs:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

There were no test item-related clinical observations at ≤1000 mg/kg/day LFA.

Dermal irritation (if dermal study):

not examined

Mortality:

no mortality observed

Description (incidence):

There were no deaths at ≤1000 mg/kg/day LFA.

Body weight and weight changes:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

Gestation Body Weights:
There were no test item-related adverse effects on body weights and body weight gains at ≤1000 mg/kg/day LFA.

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

There were no test item-related adverse effects on food consumption at ≤1000 mg/kg/day LFA.

Food efficiency:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

See food consumption.

Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):

not examined

Ophthalmological findings:

not examined

Haematological findings:

not examined

Clinical biochemistry findings:

not examined

Urinalysis findings:

not examined

Behaviour (functional findings):

not examined

Immunological findings:

not examined

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

not examined

Gross pathological findings:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

There were no test item-related adverse effects on macroscopic evaluations at ≤1000 mg/kg/day LFA.
The only macroscopic finding (abnormal uterine/cervical color in a single control group animal) in this study was considered not test item-related because it occurred in the control group.

Neuropathological findings:

not examined

Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:

not examined

Histopathological findings: neoplastic:

not examined

Maternal developmental toxicity

Number of abortions:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

All pregnant females had viable fetuses at Cesarean sectioning.

See Pregnancy Outcome and Cesarean Section Data plus summary of results tables.

Pre- and post-implantation loss:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

implantations, % pre-implantation and % post-implantation losses were comparable to mean control values.

See Pregnancy Outcome and Cesarean Section Data plus summary of results tables.

Total litter losses by resorption:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

See Pregnancy Outcome and Cesarean Section Data.

Early or late resorptions:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

Resorptions (early, late and total) were comparable to mean control values.

See Pregnancy Outcome and Cesarean Section Data plus summary of results tables.

Dead fetuses:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

Dead fetuses were comparable to mean control values. No dead fetuses.

See Pregnancy Outcome and Cesarean Section Data plus summary of results tables.

Changes in pregnancy duration:

no effects observed

Changes in number of pregnant:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

See Pregnancy Outcome and Cesarean Section Data.

3 non-pregnant animals in control and 100 mg/kg/day groups. 2 non-pregnant animals in 300 mg/kg/day group. 4 non-pregnant animals in 1000 mg/kg/day group.

Reason for non-pregnancy not specified but not considered related to treatment as non-pregnant animals in control group and no dose-response relationship.

Details on maternal toxic effects:

Pregnancy Outcome and Cesarean Section Data:
There were no test item-related adverse effects on pregnancy outcome and Cesarean section data at ≤1000 mg/kg/day LFA.

There were 17, 17, 18 and 16 pregnant females in the 0, 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg/day groups, respectively. All pregnant females had viable fetuses at Cesarean sectioning. There were statistically significant increases in corpora lutea in the 300 and 1000 mg/kg/day LFA groups. The number of corpora lutea were determined prior to treatment and therefore are not toxicologically relevant. All other Cesarean section parameters (sex ratio, implantations, resorptions [early, late and total], dead fetuses, live fetuses [male, female and total], sex ratio (% Male), and % pre implantation and % post implantation losses) were comparable to mean control values.

Effect levels (maternal animals)

Key result

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

1 000 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect level:

other: no test item-related clinical observations, body weight or body weight gains, and food consumption changes at ≤1000 mg/kg/day LFA. There were no test item-related effects on pregnancy or cesarean section parameters, macroscopic observations.

Maternal abnormalities

Key result

Abnormalities:

no effects observed

Results (fetuses)

Fetal body weight changes:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

There were no test item-related effects on gravid uterine weights,and fetal and placental weights at ≤1000 mg/kg/day LFA.

See summary of results tables.

Reduction in number of live offspring:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

Live fetuses [male, female and total] were comparable to mean control values.

See summary of results tables.

Changes in sex ratio:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

Sex ratio (% Male) were comparable to mean control values:
Control: 45.6%
100 mg/kg/day: 50.5%
300 mg/kg/day: 49.9%
1000 mg/kg/day: 51.0%

Changes in litter size and weights:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

There were no test item-related effects on litter weights at ≤1000 mg/kg/day LFA.

Changes in postnatal survival:

not examined

External malformations:

effects observed, non-treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

There were no test item-related fetal external abnormalities at ≤1000 mg/kg/day LFA.

Major external findings (thoracogastroschisis, iniencephaly, ablepharia, brachygnathie, forepaw flecture protruding tongues [fetus 1511-6]) were not considered related to the test item as these findings were observed in a single fetus and single litter in the control group. Minor external findings (kinked tail [fetuses 1516-10, 1517-7, 3543-13, 4565-6, -10, -13, -15 and 4574-6 from 2, 0, 1 and 2 litters in the 0, 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg/day LFA groups, respectively] and tail tip with fleshy tab [3542-2]) were not considered related to the test item as they were low in litter incidence, were similar with the concurrent control value, and/or were within published historical control ranges.

Skeletal malformations:

effects observed, non-treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

There were no test item-related fetal skeletal abnormalities at ≤1000 mg/kg/day LFA.

Minor skeletal findings (e.g., cervical ribs, misshapen scapula, thickened and/or short ribs, rudimentary 14th ribs) were observed in the treated groups but were not considered test item related because the findings were low in incidence, not present in a dose-related manner, were within internal and/or published historical control data ranges and/or were common in this strain of laboratory animal.

Visceral malformations:

effects observed, non-treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

There were no test item-related fetal visceral abnormalities at ≤1000 mg/kg/day LFA.

There were no major visceral finings. Minor visceral findings (malpositioned epididymis, malpositioned testis, subdural hemorrhage in the cerebellar and cerebral hemispheres, subdural hemorrhages in the midbrain, olfactory lobe and region, hemorrhage in the epidural space of the medulla oblongata, anomalous confluence of the caudal vena cava and left hepatic vein, innominate absent or short, pulmonary trunk dilated, subclavian artery arising from aortic arch, partially undescended thymus gland, small renal papilla, dilated renal pelvis, dilated ureter and additional median liver lobes) were not considered related to the test item as they were low in incidence, not present in a dose-related manner, occurred in the control group only, were within published historical control data and/or were common findings in this strain of laboratory animal.

Other effects:

effects observed, non-treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Fetal Observations::
There were no test item-related effects on fetal external, visceral and skeletal development at ≤1000 mg/kg/day LFA.
There were 218, 224, 244 and 228 fetuses from 17, 17, 18 and 16 litters from the 0, 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg/day groups, respectively, examined for external findings. Of these, 111, 113, 123 and 113 fetuses from the 0, 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg/day groups, respectively, were examined for visceral findings and 107, 111, 121 and 115 fetuses from 17, 17, 18 and 16 litters, respectively, were examined for skeletal findings.

Details on embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:

There was no teratogenic potential of Cis-hex-3-en-1-ol (LFA [Leaf Alcohol]) at ≤1000 mg/kg/day.

Effect levels (fetuses)

Key result

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

1 000 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

other: There were no test item-related effects on gravid uterine weights, litter weights, fetal and placental weights, or fetal external, visceral and skeletal development.

Fetal abnormalities

Key result

Abnormalities:

effects observed, non-treatment-related

Overall developmental toxicity

Key result

Developmental effects observed:

no

Any other information on results incl. tables

Full results tables (for group data) and appendixes (for individual animal data) are attached as background material.

Key data summarised below:

Number of pregnant and non-pregnant dams:

(for full data see Table 7 in attached background material).

	Dose (mg/kgday)
	0	100	300	1000
Number of females on study (mated)	20	20	20	20
Non-pregnant	3	3	2	4
Pregnant	17	17	18	16
% Pregnant	85	85	90	80
Pregnant with termination before scheduled date	0	0	0	0
Pregnant at scheduled termination – with total implantation loss	0	0	0	0
Pregnant at schedule termination – with viable fetuses	17	17	18	16

Reason for non-pregnancy not specified but within expected pregnancy rate range for strain of rat from supplier (approximately 90% with a range of 59 to 100%).

Number of dams with abortions, early-deliveries, stillbirths, resorptions, and/or dead foetuses:

(for full data see Table 8 and Appendix 8 in attached background material).

Dose (mg/kg/day)	0	100	300	1000
Abortions	0	0	0	0
Early deliveries	0	0	0	0
Still births	0	0	0	0
Resorptions*	0.6	0.9	0.9	0.9
Dead foetuses	0	0	0	0

*resorption figures based group mean values for total resorptions (early and late)

Pre- and post-implantation loss, number and percent:

(for full data see Table 8 and Appendix 8 in attached background material).

Dose (mg/kg/bw)	0	100	300	1000
Number pre-implantation loss**	242 – 228 = 14	262 – 240 = 22	291 – 261 = 30	255 – 242 = 13
% pre-implantation loss*	6.5%	8.7%	10.1%	5.8%
Number post-implantation loss***	10 + 0 = 10	16 + 0 = 16	17 + 0 = 17	14 + 0 = 14
% post implantation loss*	6.3%	6.7%	6.6%	5.4%

*% figures based on group mean values

** calculated as group total corpora lutea – group total implantations

***calculated as group total number of resportions + number of dead foetuses

Body weight, body weight change and gravid uterine weight, including optionally, body weight change corrected for gravid uterine weight:

(for full data see Table 9 and Appendix 9).

Group Mean Values (in g)

Dose (mg/kg/bw)	Bodyweight on Day 6	Bodyweight on Day 20	Bwt change Days 6-20	Gravid Uterine Weight	Adj Bwt Day 20	Adj Bwt change Days 6-20
0	267	395	128	81.37	313	47
100	274	407	133	84.48	323	49
300	265	399	134	85.88	313	48
1000	272	412	140	90.41	321	50

Mean number and percent of live offspring:

(see Table 8 in attached background material).

Dose (mg/kg/bw)	0	100	300	1000
Mean number live offspring*	12.8	13.2	13.6	14.3
% live offspring**	93.7	93.3	93.4	94.6

 

*based on group mean values

** calculated as 100% - % post-implantation loss

Mean foeatal/pup bodyweight by sex and sexes combined

(for full data see Table 10 and Appendix 10, 11, 12 in attached background material).

Group mean values (g)

Dose (mg/kg/bw)	Placental Weight	Litter Weight	Male Fetal Weight	Female Fetal Weight	Overall Fetal Weight
0	0.6	51.8	4.1	4.0	4.0
100	0.6	54.1	4.2	4.0	4.2
300	0.6	55.3	4.2	4.0	4.1
1000	0.6	57.2	4.1	3.9	4.0

Number and percent of foetuses and litters with malformations (including runts) and/or variation as well as description and incidences of malformations and main variations (and/or retardation).

 

Fetal External Observations:

(For full data see Table 11 and Appendix 13 in attached background material)

Dose (mg/kg/bw)	Number of fetuses examined	Number of litters examined	Test-item related abnormalities	Minor findings not considered related to test item	Description and incidences
0	218	17	No	Yes	See Table and Appendix
100	224	17	No	Yes	See Tables and Appendix
300	244	18	No	Yes	See Table and Appendix
1000	228	16	No	Yes	See Table and Appendix

 

Fetal Visceral Observations:

(For full data see Table 12 and Appendix 13 in attached background material)

Dose (mg/kg/bw)	Number of fetuses examined	Number of litters examined	Test-item related abnormalities	Minor findings not considered related to test item	Description and incidences
0	111	17	No	Yes	See Table and Appendix
100	113	17	No	Yes	See Tables and Appendix
300	123	18	No	Yes	See Table and Appendix
1000	113	16	No	Yes	See Tables and Appendix

 

Fetal Skeletal Observations:

(For full data see Table 13 and Appendix 13 in attached background material)

Dose (mg/kg/bw)	Number of fetuses examined	Number of litters examined	Test-item related abnormalities	Minor findings not considered related to test item	Description and incidences
0	107	17	No	Yes	See Table and Appendix
100	111	17	No	Yes	See Tables and Appendix
300	121	18	No	Yes	See Table and Appendix
1000	115	16	No	Yes	See Tables and Appendix

Historical control data:

Fetal observations were compared against published historical control ranges and found to be within these ranges. See the published historical control data in attached background material.

Minor fetal external, visceral and skeletal observations observed were within the historical control data ranges and therefore not considered to be adverse effects related to the test item.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

There were no Cis-hex-3-en-1-ol (LFA [Leaf Alcohol]) treatment-related deaths at ≤1000 mg/kg/day during this study. There were no test item-related clinical observations, body weight or body weight gains, and food consumption changes at ≤1000 mg/kg/day LFA. There were no test item-related effects on pregnancy or cesarean section parameters, macroscopic observations, gravid uterine weights, litter weights, fetal and placental weights, or fetal external, visceral and skeletal development.

Based on the no adverse effects observed at ≤1000 mg/kg/day LFA, the maternal and the developmental No-Observed-Adverse-Effect-Level (NOAEL) was determined to be 1000 mg/kg/day, when administered orally daily from GD 6 to GD 19. There was no teratogenic potential of Cis-hex-3-en-1-ol (LFA [Leaf Alcohol]) at ≤1000 mg/kg/day.

Executive summary:

Embryo-Fetal Toxicity Study in Rats via Oral Gavage:

Time-mated femaleSprague-Dawley CD^®rats (20/group) were gavaged once daily with 0 (Polyethylene glycol 300, NF), 100, 300 or 1000 mg/kg/day Cis-hex-3-en-1-ol (LFA [Leaf Alcohol]) from Gestation Days (GD) 6 to 19, inclusive (the period of major organogenesis, from implantation to the approximate day of closure of the hard palate). The dose volume was 5 mL/kg/day for all dose groups. All animals were euthanized on GD 20 with Cesarean sections and necropsies performed. Parameters evaluated during the study were: viability, clinical observations, body weights and food consumption. A macroscopic postmortem evaluation was performed on all animals on GD 20, during which counts of corpora lutea and implantations and uterine weights were recorded; fetuses were removed, weighed (live fetuses only), sexed and examined externally for defects, for soft tissue abnormalities and for skeletal abnormalities and ossification state. Placentas were examined and weighed. 

There were no Cis-hex-3-en-1-ol (LFA [Leaf Alcohol]) treatment-related deaths at ≤1000 mg/kg/dayduring this study. There were no test item-related clinical observations, body weight or body weight gains, and food consumption changes at ≤1000 mg/kg/day LFA. There were no test item-related effects on pregnancy or cesarean section parameters, macroscopic observations, gravid uterine weights, litter weights, fetal and placental weights, or fetal external, visceral and skeletal development.

Based on the no adverse effects observed at ≤1000 mg/kg/day LFA, the maternal and the developmental No-Observed-Adverse-Effect-Level (NOAEL) was determined to be 1000 mg/kg/day, when administered orally daily from GD 6 to GD 19. There was no teratogenic potential of Cis-hex-3-en-1-ol (LFA [Leaf Alcohol]) at ≤1000 mg/kg/day.