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EC number: 281-889-4 | CAS number: 84057-71-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- data from handbook or collection of data
- Remarks:
- experimental data of read across substances
- Justification for type of information:
- Data for the target chemical is summarized based on the structurally similar read across chemicals
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Remarks:
- WoE 2: yes and WoE 3: no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Remarks:
- WoE 2 and WoE 3: no
- Details on test solutions:
- WoE 2: The test solution was prepared by dissolving 50 mg of the test chemical in 100 ml of ADaM’s media achieving a final test concentrations of 500 mg/l. Test chemical concentrations used for the study were 0, 7.5, 15, 30, 60, 120 mg/l, respectively.
WoE 3: The stock solution 150 mg/l was prepared by dissolving test chemical in reconstituted water. Test solutions of required concentrations were prepared by mixing the stock solution of the test sample with reconstituted test water. - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- WoE 2:
TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Water flea
- Strain/clone: Eggs of Daphnia magna were obtained from MicroBio tests Kleimoer 15B-9030 MARIAKERKE (GENT) BELGIUM
- Feeding during test: no
- Other: A population of parthenogenetic females of synchronized age structure has been maintained for more than 2 years in the test facility under constant temperature conditions (18 to 22°C) at a 16 : 8 hour light-dark photoperiod (illumination: < 1000 lux). The culture media (Adams medium') was partly renewed once a week. During the maintenance of test organism, test daphnids were fed with unicellular green algae (Selenestrum capricornutum).
WoE 3:
TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Water flea
- Strain: Straus
- Source: Own breeding at University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): The animals used for the test shall be less than 24 h old and should not be first brood progeny
- Feeding during test: No feeding - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- WoE 2: 140 mg of CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- WoE 2: 18-22°C
WoE 3: 20±1°C - pH:
- WoE 2: no data available
WoE 3: without adjustment
sample at concentration 150 mg/l: pH = 8.1 changed to pH = 7.8 during the test
control: pH = 8.0 changed to pH = 7.7 during the test - Dissolved oxygen:
- WoE 2: no data available
WoE 3: higher than 8.0 mg/L at the end of test both in the control and the sample - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- WoE 2: Nominal concentrations: 0, 7.5, 15, 30, 60, 120 mg/l
WoE 3: Nominal test chemical concentration used for the study were 0, 30, 45, 67.5, 100 and 150 mg/l, respectively. - Details on test conditions:
- WoE 2:
TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Glass beaker
- Aeration: No aeration during experiment
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 25 ml of glass beaker filled with 20 ml media having headspace of 5 ml
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10 daphnids
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod:16 hours light and 8 hours dark
- Light intensity: 1000 – 1500 Lux
WoE 3:
TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 50 ml glass vessel
- fill volume: 25 ml
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water:
Natural water (surface or ground water), reconstituted water or dechlorinated tap water are acceptable as culturing and dilution water if D. magna survives in it for the duration of the culturing, acclimation and testing without showing signs of stress. Waters in the range pH 6 to pH 9, with hardness between 140 mg/l and 275 mg/l (as CaCO3) are recommended.
As an example, the preparation of dilution water meeting the requirements is described below.
Dissolve known quantities of reagents in water. The dilution water prepared shall have a pH of 7.8 ± 0.5, a hardness of (225 ± 50) mg/l (expressed as CaCO3), a molar Ca + Mg ratio close to 4 + 1 and a dissolved oxygen concentration above 7 mg/l.
Prepare the solutions specified below:
- Calcium chloride solution: Dissolve 117.6 g of calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl2.2H2O) in water (4.2) and make up to 1 l with water (4.2).
- Magnesium sulfate solution: Dissolve 49.3 g of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (MgSO4.7H2O) in water (4.2) and make up to 1 l with water (4.2).
- Sodium bicarbonate solution: Dissolve 25.9 g of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) in water (4.2) and make up to 1 l with water (4.2).
- Potassium chloride solution: Dissolve 2.3 g of potassium chloride (KCI) in water (4.2) and make up to 1 l with water (4.2).
Mixing
Mix 2.5 ml of each of the four solutions and make up to 1 l with water.
The dilution water shall be aerated until the dissolved oxygen concentration has reached saturation and the pH has stabilized. If necessary, adjust the pH to 7.8 ± 0.5 by adding sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution or hydrochloric acid (HCI). The dilution water prepared in this way shall not be further aerated before use.
- Sodium hydroxide solution, e.g. [NaOH] : 1 mol/l.
- Hydrochloric acid, e.g. [HCl] : 1 mol/l.
Reference substance:
Dissolve 600 mg of potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) in water and make up to 1 l with water (4.2).
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no adjustment done
- Photoperiod: No - Darkness
- Light intensity:
CALCULATION:
EC50 was calculated using non linear regression by the software Prism 4.0 - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- WoE 2 and WoE 3: potassium dichromate was used as a reference substance for the study.
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 120 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: WoE 2
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 103.8 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: WoE 3: 95 % CI. = 77.2 to 139.6 mg/l
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- WoE 2: The 48 hr EC50 value of reference substance potassium dichromate was determined to be 0.831 mg/l.
WoE 3: - Results with reference substance valid
- EC50: 0.73 mg/L (24 hours) - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- WoE 2: no data available
WoE 3: EC50 was calculated using non linear regression by the software Prism 4.0. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- 1. In the control, including the control containing the solubilising agent, not more that 10 percent of the daphnids should have been immobilized. 2. The dissolved oxygen concentration at the end of the test should be 3 mg/l in control and test vessels
- Conclusions:
- On the basis of the experimental studies of the read across chemical and applying the weight of evidence approach and by evaluating the effect of test chemical on test organism Daphnia magna, the 48hr EC50 value can be expected to be > 100 mg/l. Thus, test chemical was considered as non-toxic and hence, considered to be 'not classified' as per CLP classification criteria.
- Executive summary:
Data available of the structurally and functionally similar read across chemicals has been reviewed to determine the effect of the test chemical on aquatic invertebrates. The studies are as mentioned below:
An acute immobilisation test was conducted for 48 hrs for assessing the effect of test chemical on Daphnia magna. The test was performed in accordance to OECD guideline No. 202“Daphnia sp.,Acute Immobilization Test”. The test solution was prepared by dissolving 50 mg of the test chemical in 100 ml of ADaM’s media achieving a final test concentrations of 500 mg/l. Test chemical concentrations used for the study were 0, 7.5, 15, 30, 60, 120 mg/l, respectively. Test concentrations were verified analytically by UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. Study was performed using 10 daphnids in a static system. Total 10 Daphnids/conc. were exposed to test chemical in 25 ml beakers in a volume of 20 ml of liquid solution containing both the chemical and media. The beakers were placed in a room at a temperature of 18 -22°C, hardness of water 140 mg of CaCO3 and under a photoperiod of 16:8 hr light: dark conditions with light intensity 1000 – 1500 Lux, respectively. One control vessel was also run simultaneously during the study. The animals were exposed to medium (i.e.a beaker containing only medium) and the test chemical concentrations for a period of 48 hour. Potassium dichromate was used as a reference substance for the study. The 48 hr EC50 value of reference substance was determined to be 0.831 mg/l. No Immobility were found in the control test animals and the dissolved oxygen concentration at the end of the test in the control and test vessel was ≥ 3 mg/l, thus validity criterion of the study has been fulfilled. As the concentration of the test chemical being tested has been satisfactorily maintained within ± 20 % of the nominal concentration throughout the test. Therefore, the analysis of the results was based on nominal concentration. On the basis of effect of test chemical on mobility of the test organism, the median effect concentration (EC50 (48 h)) value was determined to be > 120 mg/L. Thus, based on the EC50 value, chemical was considered as non-toxic to aquatic invertebrates and hence, considered to be 'not classified' as per CLP classification criteria.
Another short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrate study was conducted for 48 hrs for assessing the effect of test chemical. The test was performed in accordance to OECD guideline No. 202 “Daphnia sp.,Acute Immobilization Test”. Daphnia magna was used as a test organism for the study. The stock solution 150 mg/l was prepared by dissolving test chemical in reconstituted water. Test solutions of required concentrations were prepared by mixing the stock solution of the test sample with reconstituted test water. Nominal test chemical concentrations used for the study were 0, 30, 45, 67.5, 100 and 150 mg/l, respectively. Study was performed using 5 organisms per vessel/replicates in a static fresh water system. Daphnids were exposed to test chemical in 50 ml glass vessel in a volume of 25 ml of liquid solution containing both the chemical and media. Control solution vessel containing reconstituted water without the test chemical was also setup during the study. The beakers were placed in a room at a temperature of 20±1°C. With the test substance one positive control Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) was run simultaneously. EC50 was calculated using non linear regression by the software Prism 4. In the control vessel containing reconstituted water without the test chemical, no daphnids were immobilized at the end of the test. On the basis of the mobility of the test organism Daphnia magna due to the exposure of test chemical, the 48hr median effect concentration (EC50) value was determined to be 103.8 mg/l (95 % CI. = 77.2 to 139.6 mg/l). Thus, test chemical was considered as non-toxic to aquatic invertebrates at environmental related concentrations and hence, considered to be 'not classified' as per the CLP classification criteria.
On the basis of the experimental studies of the read across chemical and applying the weight of evidence approach and by evaluating the effect of test chemical on test organism Daphnia magna, the 48hr EC50 value can be expected to be > 100 mg/l. Thus, test chemical was considered as non-toxic and hence, considered to be 'not classified' as per CLP classification criteria.
Reference
WoE 2:
Table: Assessment of test concentrations
Sr. no. |
Concentrations (mg/l) |
Wavelength (nm) |
Absorbance |
Temperature (°C) |
1 |
blank |
612 |
0.00 |
25 |
2 |
5.00 |
612 |
0.07 |
25 |
3 |
10.00 |
612 |
0.14 |
25 |
4 |
20.00 |
612 |
0.29 |
25 |
5 |
30.00 |
612 |
0.43 |
25 |
6 |
40.00 |
612 |
0.57 |
25 |
7 |
50.00 |
612 |
0.71 |
25 |
8 |
60.00 |
612 |
0.84 |
25 |
9 |
70.00 |
612 |
1.03 |
25 |
10 |
80.00 |
612 |
1.17 |
25 |
11 |
90.00 |
612 |
1.29 |
25 |
12 |
100.00 |
612 |
1.43 |
25 |
13 |
110.00 |
612 |
1.53 |
25 |
14 |
120.00 |
612 |
1.64 |
25 |
The absorbance and concentrations were recorded at 202 nm.
Table: Concentration after analytical Determination
Sr. No |
Concentrations (mg/L) |
Absorbance (mean) (0 hour) |
Analytical Concentrations (0 hour) |
Absorbance (mean) (48 hour) |
Analytical Concentrations (48 hour) |
1 |
blank |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
2 |
7.5 |
0.10 |
7.74 |
0.12 |
9.00 |
3 |
15 |
0.22 |
16.26 |
0.25 |
17.70 |
4 |
30 |
0.44 |
31.72 |
0.47 |
33.90 |
5 |
60 |
0.87 |
61.94 |
0.93 |
65.87 |
6 |
120 |
1.56 |
110.63 |
1.61 |
114.60 |
Table: pH, DO AND TEMPERATURE
Test Concentration (mg/L) |
pH |
Dissolved oxygen |
Temperature °C |
||||||
0 Hour |
24 Hour |
48 Hour |
0 Hour |
24 Hour |
48 Hour |
0 Hour |
24 Hour |
48 Hour |
|
Control |
7.9 |
7.9 |
7.6 |
7.8 |
6.9 |
5.2 |
20.0 |
19 |
20 |
7.5 |
7.9 |
7.5 |
7.7 |
7.5 |
6.8 |
5.0 |
20.0 |
19 |
20 |
15 |
7.8 |
7.5 |
7.4 |
7.5 |
6.6 |
5.1 |
20.0 |
19 |
20 |
30 |
7.9 |
7.4 |
7.4 |
7.5 |
6.8 |
4.9 |
20.0 |
19 |
20 |
60 |
7.9 |
7.8 |
7.3 |
7.6 |
6.5 |
5.0 |
20.0 |
19 |
20 |
120 |
7.8 |
7.5 |
7.2 |
7.5 |
6.6 |
4..8 |
20.0 |
19 |
20 |
Table: IMMOBILIZATION AND INHIBITION
Sr. No |
Test Concentrations (mg/L) |
0 Hour |
24 Hour |
48 Hour |
Cumulative Immobilization |
Percent Inhibition |
1 |
Control |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
2 |
7.5 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
3 |
15 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
4 |
30 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
5 |
60 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
6 |
120 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
|
No abnormality observed |
All daphnids are alive |
No immobility observed |
|
|
WoE 3:
In control solution containing reconstituted water without the test chemical, no daphnids were immobilized at the end of the test.
Result of the definitive test:
Sample no. |
Sample Information |
Conc. (mg/l) |
I% |
48 hr EC50 |
|
mg/l |
95% C. I. (mg/l) |
||||
Control |
Reconstituted water |
0 |
0 |
|
|
Test chemical |
Test chemical |
30.0 45.0 67.5 100.0 150.0 |
5 20.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 |
103.8 |
77.2 to 139.6 |
Description of key information
On the basis of the experimental studies of the read across chemical and applying the weight of evidence approach and by evaluating the effect of test chemical on test organism Daphnia magna, the 48hr EC50 value can be expected to be > 100 mg/l. Thus, test chemical was considered as non-toxic and hence, considered to be 'not classified' as per CLP classification criteria.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
Data available of the structurally and functionally similar read across chemicals has been reviewed to determine the effect of the test chemical on aquatic invertebrates. The studies are as mentioned below:
An acute immobilisation test was conducted for 48 hrs for assessing the effect of test chemical on Daphnia magna. The test was performed in accordance to OECD guideline No. 202“Daphnia sp.,Acute Immobilization Test”. The test solution was prepared by dissolving 50 mg of the test chemical in 100 ml of ADaM’s media achieving a final test concentrations of 500 mg/l. Test chemical concentrations used for the study were 0, 7.5, 15, 30, 60, 120 mg/l, respectively. Test concentrations were verified analytically by UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. Study was performed using 10 daphnids in a static system. Total 10 Daphnids/conc. were exposed to test chemical in 25 ml beakers in a volume of 20 ml of liquid solution containing both the chemical and media. The beakers were placed in a room at a temperature of 18 -22°C, hardness of water 140 mg of CaCO3 and under a photoperiod of 16:8 hr light: dark conditions with light intensity 1000 – 1500 Lux, respectively. One control vessel was also run simultaneously during the study. The animals were exposed to medium (i.e.a beaker containing only medium) and the test chemical concentrations for a period of 48 hour. Potassium dichromate was used as a reference substance for the study. The 48 hr EC50 value of reference substance was determined to be 0.831 mg/l. No Immobility were found in the control test animals and the dissolved oxygen concentration at the end of the test in the control and test vessel was ≥ 3 mg/l, thus validity criterion of the study has been fulfilled. As the concentration of the test chemical being tested has been satisfactorily maintained within ± 20 % of the nominal concentration throughout the test. Therefore, the analysis of the results was based on nominal concentration. On the basis of effect of test chemical on mobility of the test organism, the median effect concentration (EC50 (48 h)) value was determined to be > 120 mg/L. Thus, based on the EC50 value, chemical was considered as non-toxic to aquatic invertebrates and hence, considered to be 'not classified' as per CLP classification criteria.
Another short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrate study was conducted for 48 hrs for assessing the effect of test chemical. The test was performed in accordance to OECD guideline No. 202 “Daphnia sp.,Acute Immobilization Test”. Daphnia magna was used as a test organism for the study. The stock solution 150 mg/l was prepared by dissolving test chemical in reconstituted water. Test solutions of required concentrations were prepared by mixing the stock solution of the test sample with reconstituted test water. Nominal test chemical concentrations used for the study were 0, 30, 45, 67.5, 100 and 150 mg/l, respectively. Study was performed using 5 organisms per vessel/replicates in a static fresh water system. Daphnids were exposed to test chemical in 50 ml glass vessel in a volume of 25 ml of liquid solution containing both the chemical and media. Control solution vessel containing reconstituted water without the test chemical was also setup during the study. The beakers were placed in a room at a temperature of 20±1°C. With the test substance one positive control Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) was run simultaneously. EC50 was calculated using non linear regression by the software Prism 4. In the control vessel containing reconstituted water without the test chemical, no daphnids were immobilized at the end of the test. On the basis of the mobility of the test organism Daphnia magna due to the exposure of test chemical, the 48hr median effect concentration (EC50) value was determined to be 103.8 mg/l (95 % CI. = 77.2 to 139.6 mg/l). Thus, test chemical was considered as non-toxic to aquatic invertebrates at environmental related concentrations and hence, considered to be 'not classified' as per the CLP classification criteria.
On the basis of the experimental studies of the read across chemical and applying the weight of evidence approach and by evaluating the effect of test chemical on test organism Daphnia magna, the 48hr EC50 value can be expected to be > 100 mg/l. Thus, test chemical was considered as non-toxic and hence, considered to be 'not classified' as per CLP classification criteria.
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