Undecenal

Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Administrative data

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

The use of a brine shrimp (Artemia salina) bioassay to assess the toxicity of diatom extracts and short chain aldehydes.

Author:

Gary S. Caldwell, Matthew G. Bentley, Peter J.W. Olive

Year:

2003

Bibliographic source:

Toxicon, Vol. 42, Pg. no. 301–306, 2003.

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: as mentioned below

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Long term toxicity study to Artemia salina was carried out for 72 hrs.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Undecanal

EC Number:

203-972-6

EC Name:

Undecanal

Cas Number:

112-44-7

Molecular formula:

C11-H22-O

IUPAC Name:

Hendecanaldehyde

Test material form:

other: Liquid

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Undecanal
- Molecular formula (if other than submission substance): C11H22O
- Molecular weight (if other than submission substance): 170.294 g/mol
- Smiles notation (if other than submission substance): C(CCCCC=O)CCCCC
- InChl (if other than submission substance): 1S/C11H22O/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12/h11H,2-10H2,1H3
- Structural formula attached as image file (if other than submission substance): No data available
- Substance type: Organic
- Physical state: Liquid
- Analytical purity: No data available
- Impurities (identity and concentrations): No data available
- Composition of test material, percentage of components: No data available
- Isomers composition: No data available
- Purity test date: No data available
- Lot/batch No.: No data available
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: No data available
- Radiochemical purity (if radiolabelling): No data available
- Specific activity (if radiolabelling): No data available
- Locations of the label (if radiolabelling): No data available
- Expiration date of radiochemical substance (if radiolabelling): No data available
- Stability under test conditions: No data available
- Storage condition of test material: No data available
- Other: No data available

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
No data available

Sampling and analysis

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Details on sampling:

- Concentrations: Serial dilution of conc. 100 µg/ml was performed to get the required experimental concentrations, though the exact conc. was not reported.

- Sampling method: Due to the low solubility of test chemical in water, the test substance was dissolved initially in 0.5 ml ethanol and then transferred to 0.45 mm filtered seawater (FSW) to give stock solutions of concentration 100 µg/ml, from which serial dilutions were performed
to give the required experimental concentrations.

- Sample storage conditions before analysis: No data available

Test solutions

Vehicle:

yes

Details on test solutions:

No data available

Test organisms

Test organisms (species):

Artemia salina

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Brine shimp
- Strain/clone: No data available
- Justification for species other than prescribed by test guideline: No data available
- Source: No data available
- Age of parental stock (mean and range, SD): No data available
- Feeding during test: No data available
- Food type: No data available
- Amount: No data available
- Frequency: No data available

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: No data available
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): No data available
- Type and amount of food: No data available
- Feeding frequency: No data available
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): No data available

QUARANTINE (wild caught)
- Duration: No data available
- Health/mortality: No data available

METHOD FOR PREPARATION AND COLLECTION OF EARLY INSTARS OR OTHER LIFE STAGES: A. salina cysts were induced to hatch by vigorously aerating 1 l of freshwater in a conical flask at 18 °C for 24 h. This newly hatched nauplii were then used for the study.

Study design

Test type:

not specified

Water media type:

not specified

Total exposure duration:

72 h

Post exposure observation period:

After the incubation period of 24 and 72 hrs, Survival of test organism was assessed.

Test conditions

Hardness:

No data available

Test temperature:

15°C

pH:

No data available

Dissolved oxygen:

No data available

Salinity:

No data available

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal concentrations

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Well plates
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 24 – well plates were used for the study.
- Aeration: Yes, aeration of the plates were done.
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter): No data available
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): No data available
- No. of organisms per vessel: 30 – 50
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): No data available
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): No data available
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): No data available
- Biomass loading rate: No data available

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: No data available
- Total organic carbon: No data available
- Particulate matter: No data available
- Metals: No data available
- Pesticides: No data available
- Chlorine: No data available
- Alkalinity: No data available
- Ca/mg ratio: No data available
- Conductivity: No data available
- Culture medium different from test medium: No data available
- Intervals of water quality measurement: No data available

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: No data available
- Photoperiod: No data available
- Light intensity: No data available

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable): After the incubation period of 24 and 72 hrs, Survival of test organism was assessed. Survival was assessed by scoring the number of dead nauplii lying on the bottom of each plate using a Zeiss inverted microscope.


TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: No data available
- Justification for using less concentrations than requested by guideline: No data available
- Range finding study: No data available
- Test concentrations: No data available
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: No data available

Reference substance (positive control):

not specified

Results and discussion

Effect concentrations

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

10 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Details on results:

No data available

Results with reference substance (positive control):

No data available

Reported statistics and error estimates:

Linear regression analysis on MINITAB 12 was used to determine EC50. The EC50 was taken as the concentration required producing a reduction of 50% in mortality of control experiments.

Percentage mortalities were adjusted relative to the control mortality, following Abbot’s formula, p = pi – C/1 - C; where pi denotes the observed non-zero dose response and C represents the mortality of controls. One-way analysis of variance followed by Fisher’s least significant difference post-hoc analysis was used to test for the effect of test chemical concentration. Data were arcsine (square root) transformed prior to analysis.

Any other information on results incl. tables

Exposure for 24 hrs to undecanal, was determined to be significant (F = 5.24,

× P=0.004) with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 10 mg/ml. Exposure to undecanal for a period of 72 h also had a significant effect ( F = 2.62,P=0.029).

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

Based on the mortality of test organism, the EC50 value was found to be 10 mg/l.

Executive summary:

Long term toxicity study to Artemia salina was carried out for 72 hrs.

 

A. salinacysts were induced to hatch by vigorously aerating 1 l of freshwater in a conical flask at 18°C for 24 h. This newly hatched nauplii were then used for the study.

 

Due to the low solubility of test chemical in water, the test substance was dissolved initially in 0.5 ml ethanol and then transferred to 0.45 mm filtered seawater (FSW) to give stock solutions of concentration 100mg/ml, from which serial dilutions were performed to give the required experimental concentrations.

 

The newly hatched nauplii were concentrated into a volume of 100 ml using a fine mesh sieve. From this volume, aliquots of 50ml (approximately 30–50 nauplii) were pipetted directly into 24-well plates containing 2 ml of oxygen saturated FSW, solvent blank or chemical standards. The plates were sealed and incubated at 15°C for 24 or 72 h with additional aeration occurring after 12 h. Incubation media was renewed daily.

 

Survival was assessed by scoring the number of dead nauplii lying on the bottom of each plate using a Zeiss inverted microscope.

 

Linear regression analysis on MINITAB 12 was used to determine EC50. The EC50 was taken as the concentration required producing a reduction of 50% in mortality of control experiments.

 

Based on the mortality of test organism, the EC50 value was found to be 10 mg/l.