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EC number: 215-215-7 | CAS number: 1313-99-1
Eye irritation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2008
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP Guideline Study (OECD #405)
Cross-referenceopen allclose all
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 008
- Report date:
- 2008
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion)
- Deviations:
- no
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Not Applicable
- GLP compliance:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Nickel monoxide
- EC Number:
- 215-215-7
- EC Name:
- Nickel monoxide
- Cas Number:
- 1313-99-1
- Molecular formula:
- NiO
- IUPAC Name:
- oxonickel
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): nickel oxide
- Substance type: test substance
- Physical state: dark grey, odorless granules
- Composition of test material, percentage of components: nickel monoxide 98%; colbaltous oxide 1.5%
- Stability under test conditions: expected to be stable for the duration of testing
- Storage condition of test material: kept in a tightly closed container under nitrogen
- Other: Insoluble in water
Constituent 1
Test animals / tissue source
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- other: New Zealand albino
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Robinson Services, Inc. Clemmons, NC
- Age at study initiation: Young adult
- Housing: singly housed in suspended stainless steel caging with mesh floors; litter paper was placed beneath the cage and was changed at least three times per week.
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Not specified; Pelleted Purina Rabbit Chow #5326
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): as libitum
- Acclimation period: 14 days
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 19-21°C
- Humidity (%): 66-83% - The humidity was above the targeted upper limit of 70% during the study due to exceptionally high, seasonal humidity. Portable dehumidifiers were used to lower the humidity levels during this time.
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12-hour light/dark cycle
Test system
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- other: The left eye of each rabbit remained untreated with the test substance and served as a control.
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): One-tenth of a millimeter (0.1 g) - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- Treatment instilled into the conjunctival sac of the right eye of each rabbit by pulling the lower lid away from the eyeball. The upper and lower lids were then gently held together for about one second before releasing to minimize loss of the test substance.
- Observation period (in vivo):
- 4 days (scoring 1, 24, 48, and 72 hours, 4 days) post-instillation
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 3
- Details on study design:
- SCORING SYSTEM: Scale for scoring ocular lesions (scores 0-4, according to Draize et al., 1944)
TOOL USED TO ASSESS SCORE: high-intensity, white light (Maglite), fluorescein dye procedure (one drop of 2% ophthalmic fluorescein sodium was instilled into both eyes of each rabbit. The eyes were rinsed with physiological saline [0.9% NaCl] approximately 30 seconds after instillation of the fluorescein.)
Results and discussion
In vivo
Resultsopen allclose all
- Irritation parameter:
- maximum mean total score (MMTS)
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 1 h
- Score:
- 9.3
- Max. score:
- 110
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 4 days
- Irritation parameter:
- overall irritation score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 1 h
- Score:
- 9.3
- Max. score:
- 110
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 4 days
- Irritation parameter:
- overall irritation score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 24 h
- Score:
- 3.3
- Max. score:
- 110
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 4 days
- Irritation parameter:
- overall irritation score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 48 h
- Score:
- 1.3
- Max. score:
- 110
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 4 days
- Irritation parameter:
- overall irritation score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 72 h
- Score:
- 0.7
- Max. score:
- 110
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 4 days
- Irritation parameter:
- overall irritation score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 4 d
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 110
- Reversibility:
- other: no effect
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal: 3401
- Time point:
- other: 1 hr
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal: 3401
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal: 3401
- Time point:
- 48 h
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal: 3401
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal: 3401
- Time point:
- other: 4 day
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal: 3401
- Time point:
- other: 1 hr
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal: 3401
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal: 3401
- Time point:
- 48 h
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal: 3401
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal: 3401
- Time point:
- other: 4 d
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Remarks:
- redness
- Basis:
- animal: 3401
- Time point:
- other: 1 hr
- Score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Remarks:
- redness
- Basis:
- animal: 3401
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 1
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Remarks:
- redness
- Basis:
- animal: 3401
- Time point:
- 48 h
- Score:
- 1
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Remarks:
- redness
- Basis:
- animal: 3401
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Remarks:
- redness
- Basis:
- animal: 3401
- Time point:
- other: 4 d
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal: 3401
- Time point:
- other: 1 hr
- Score:
- 1
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal: 3401
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal: 3401
- Time point:
- 48 h
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal: 3401
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal: 3401
- Time point:
- other: 4 d
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal: 3402
- Time point:
- other: 1 hr
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal: 3402
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal: 3402
- Time point:
- 48 h
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal: 3402
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal: 3402
- Time point:
- other: 4 d
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal: 3402
- Time point:
- other: 1 hr
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal: 3402
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal: 3402
- Time point:
- 48 h
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal: 3402
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal: 3402
- Time point:
- other: 4 d
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Remarks:
- redness
- Basis:
- animal: 3402
- Time point:
- other: 1 hr
- Score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Remarks:
- redness
- Basis:
- animal: 3402
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 1
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Remarks:
- redness
- Basis:
- animal: 3402
- Time point:
- 48 h
- Score:
- 1
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Remarks:
- redness
- Basis:
- animal: 3402
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Remarks:
- redness
- Basis:
- animal: 3402
- Time point:
- other: 4 d
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal: 3402
- Time point:
- other: 1 hr
- Score:
- 1
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal: 3402
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal: 3402
- Time point:
- 48 h
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal: 3402
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal: 3402
- Time point:
- other: 4 d
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal: 3403
- Time point:
- other: 1 hr
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal: 3403
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal: 3403
- Time point:
- 48 h
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal: 3403
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal: 3403
- Time point:
- other: 4 d
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal: 3403
- Time point:
- other: 1 hr
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal: 3403
- Time point:
- 48 h
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal: 3403
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal: 3403
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal: 3403
- Time point:
- other: 4 d
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Remarks:
- redness
- Basis:
- animal: 3403
- Time point:
- other: 1 hr
- Score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Remarks:
- redness
- Basis:
- animal: 3403
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 1
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Remarks:
- redness
- Basis:
- animal: 3403
- Time point:
- 48 h
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Remarks:
- redness
- Basis:
- animal: 3403
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Remarks:
- redness
- Basis:
- animal: 3403
- Time point:
- other: 4 d
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal: 3403
- Time point:
- other: 1 hr
- Score:
- 1
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal: 3403
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal: 3403
- Time point:
- 48 h
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal: 3403
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal: 3403
- Time point:
- other: 4 d
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- Incidence of Positive Effects (1 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 4 d):
Corneal Opacity: 0/3, 0/3, 0/3, 0/3, 0/3
Iritis: 0/3, 0/3, 0/3, 0/3, 0/3
Conjunctivitis: 3/3, 0/3, 0/3, 0/3, 0/3 - Other effects:
- All animals appeared active and healthy during the study. Apart from the eye irritation noted below, there were no other signs of gross toxicity, adverse pharmacologic effects, or abnormal behavior.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Tables listing the individual animal scores for ocular irritation can be found in the original study report.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- other: mildly irritating
- Remarks:
- Criteria used for interpretation of results: other: Kay and Calandra 1962 (Interpretation of eye irritation tests, J Soc Cos Chem; 13:281-289)
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of this study, Nickel oxide (Nickel oxide sinter, Nickel oxide green) is classified as mildly irritating to the eye.
- Executive summary:
Eurofins Product Safety Laboratory (EPSL) conducted a primary eye irritation study in rabbits according to OECD Test #405- Acute Eye Irritation/Corrosion and using GLP standards. The study was completed on 2008-10-07 and the final report issued on 2008-12-04. Nickel oxide sinter (Nickel oxide green) (one-tenth of a milliliter, or 0.10 grams) was instilled into the right eye of three healthy female rabbits to determine the potential to produce irritation. The left eye served as a control in each animal. Ocular irritation was then evaluated according to the Draize scoring system at multiple time points (1, 24, 48, and 72 hours, and 4 days) following instillation. Individual animals were assessed for effects in the cornea, iris, and conjunctivae, as well as other lesions, gross toxicity, and behavioral changes. In the treated eyes, no corneal opacity or iritis was observed in any of the animals, though all three treated eyes exhibited positive conjunctivitis one hour after instillation. All observed effects were reversible; incidence and severity of irritation decreased with time and all animals were free of ocular irritation by Day 4. Aside from eye irritation, no other signs of gross toxicity, adverse pharmacologic effects, or abnormal behavior were observed in the animals. Using the classification system of Kay and Calandra (1962), the time interval with the highest mean score (Maximum Mean Total Score, MMTS) of 9.3 was used to classify nickel monoxide as mildly irritating to the eye under the conditions of this study. STUDY RATED BY AN INDEPENDENT REVIEWER
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