Sodium O-ethyl dithiocarbonate

Endpoint summary

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Skin irritation / corrosion

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

skin irritation: in vivo

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

Up to 72 hours observation

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

comparable to guideline study

Justification for type of information:

1998 animal study reported in good detail
Study terminated at 72 hours with no significant reversibility
Study pre-dates validated in-vitro testing, but should have been tested with only one animal in view of severity of results.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

no

Species:

rabbit

Strain:

New Zealand White

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

Age: 4 monthWeight: 2.9 kg

Type of coverage:

occlusive

Preparation of test site:

shaved

Vehicle:

water

Amount / concentration applied:

0,5cm3 of water solution pH=10, containing 424,1g/dm3 of SEX, on 2,5x25cm of shaved skin

Duration of treatment / exposure:

4 hours exposure

Observation period:

1; 24; 48 and 72 h

Number of animals:

3 male

Irritation parameter:

other: IIPC

Basis:

mean

Time point:

72 h

Score:

6.2

Max. score:

6.5

Reversibility:

not reversible

Remarks on result:

other: Study terminated due to adverse effects.

Irritant / corrosive response data:

observation after 1h – bloody effusions, moderate swelling, oedema, after 24 ,48 and 72h – tinea on the exposition place and around redness, oedema.

	Animal nr	1 24 48 72 h
erythema	1	4 4 4 4
	2	4 - - -
	3	4 4 4 4
edema	1	1 2 2 2
	2	1 - - -
	3	2 3 3 3

Interpretation of results:

Category 1 (corrosive) based on GHS criteria

Conclusions:

Sodium ethyl xanthate can be assessed as a substance strongly irritating to skin and classified as Corrosive in the absence of observed recovery.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

adverse effect observed (corrosive)

Eye irritation

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

eye irritation: in vivo

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

comparable to guideline study

Justification for type of information:

This study should not have been performed for animal welfare reasons.
However, it is included as confirmation of severe damage to eyes.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion)

Deviations:

not specified

GLP compliance:

no

Species:

rabbit

Strain:

New Zealand White

Vehicle:

water

Amount / concentration applied:

0.1 ml/eye as water solution

Observation period (in vivo):

Observation were made after 1h, 24, 48 hours and then after 7 days

Number of animals or in vitro replicates:

1

Details on study design:

was introduced into the conjunctival sacs of the right eye

Irritation parameter:

overall irritation score

Basis:

mean

Time point:

other: 1 h

Score:

33

Reversibility:

not fully reversible within: 7 days

Irritation parameter:

overall irritation score

Basis:

mean

Time point:

other: 24 h

Score:

33

Reversibility:

not fully reversible within: 7 days

Irritation parameter:

overall irritation score

Basis:

mean

Time point:

other: 48 h

Score:

33

Reversibility:

not fully reversible within: 7 days

Irritation parameter:

other: IIPO

Basis:

mean

Time point:

other: 7 days

Score:

70

Reversibility:

not fully reversible within: 7 days

Irritant / corrosive response data:

After 1h no changes were observed in cornea, in iris was noted congestion. Conjunctiva was reddened, red beet color, oedema, and discharge on palpebra. After 24h the observation were the like after 1h. After 48h the changes in eye became more intense. ½ of cornea surface was clouded, pupil was visible in lower part of the eye, details of iris was not visible, the pupil reacted slowly on light. After 7 days changes in the eye became more intense, ¾ of cornea was clouded, in lower part of the cornea details of iris was not visible.IIPO the indicator of acute eye irritation was 33 and after 7 days 70.

Interpretation of results:

corrosive

Conclusions:

This study should not have been performed for animal welfare reasons.
However, it is included as confirmation of severe damage to eyes.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

adverse effect observed (irritating)

Respiratory irritation

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Additional information

The dermal LD₅₀was <1000 mg/kg

Sodium ethyl xanthate(CAS# 140-90-9) or sodium isobutyl xanthate (CAS # 25306-75-6) can be assessed as a substances strongly irritating skin of rabbits – IIPC factor accordingly 6.2 or 7.0.(The Institute of Organic Industry Branch of Pszczyna Toxicology Department, March 1998)

Sodium or potassium xanthates dissolved in water undergoes hydrolysis giving alkaline reaction. When xanthates are produced as a water solutions exes of alkali hydroxide is kept (pH >10) as a decomposition inhibitor.

Human information

Harmful and irritating in contact with skin. Contact may result in defatting of the skin, rash and dermatitis. Water solution containing sodium hydroxide may cause skin corrosion. Prolonged or repeated contact may result in burns. May be absorbed through skin with toxic effects.(Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety , CHEMINFO sodium ethyl xanthate, 03.08.2004)

A single case was reported of a worker exposed to xanthate powder and water solution by extensive skin contamination during mixing process of the flotation chemicals. Extensive skin contamination of the worker's skin was evident, from the chest down his skin stained green. The worker experienced abdominal pain, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, headache and felt faint, the illness began twenty hours after exposure and lasted for three days. He did not experience skin irritation except for some mild pruritus at the wrists. TTCA (2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxilic acid), a metabolite of carbon disulfide, was detected in his urine sample.(Donoghue A.M., 1998, Occup. Med. vol. 48, No 7, pp469-470)

Mild dermatitis of sodium ethyl xanthate(CAS# 140-90-9) is the only lesion observed to date in man.(Gosselin R.E.at all, Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products, 4th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkinson, 1976 , II-211; http:// toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/f?./temp )

Sodium isopropyl xanthate(CAS# 140-93-2)irritating to skin, eyes, mucous membrane, respiratory tract(The Merck Index , 9th ed., Merck & Co., Inc., 1976 , p. 1116; http:// toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/f?./temp )

 

Skin irritation/corrosion

Sodium ethyl xanthate or sodium isobutyl xanthate can be assessed as a substances strongly irritating skin of rabbits – IIPC factor accordingly 6.2 or 7.0.

An assessment of acid or alkali reserve.Sodium or potassium xanthates dissolved in water undergoes hydrolysis giving alkaline reaction. When xanthates are produced as a water solutions exes of alkali hydroxide is kept (pH >10) as a decomposition inhibitor.

A 32 year old male during a xanthate solution preparing became cover in xanthate powder and water solution staining his skin green from the chest down. Twenty hours later ,he experienced abdominal pain, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, headache and fatigue, and had mild itchiness at the wrists only. His symptoms resolved within 4 days. Many of the reported symptoms are consistent with carbon disulfide toxicity. A metabolite of carbon disulfide was detected in his urine.(Donoghue A.M. , Occupational Medicine, Vol. 37, no. 7, 1998, p. 469-470)

Skin irritation or skin corrosion

Effect level:

Test animal: rabbit

10% water solution: 1cm³/kg b.w. or 100mg/kg b.w. – no skin irritation

36,3% water solution: 0.175 cm³/kg b.w. or 73mg/kg b.w. – skin corrosion

Paste : 83.3mg/ cm²or 172.4mg/kg b.w. – skin corrosion

Discussion:

Skin irritation/corrosion

No skin irritation of tested rabbits, after application of 1 cm³/kg of 10% water solution of sodium ethyl xanthate (CAS# 140-90-9) (pH 10.5 – 11) pro shaved skin.

Application of 0.5 cm³of 36.3% water solution of sodium ethyl xanthate(CAS# 140-90-9) or sodium isobutyl xathate(CAS # 25306-75-6) pro 6.25 cm²patch of shaved skin of rabbits(4 hours exposure) cause skin corrosion.

Also skin corrosion was the result of application of 500 mg of potassium isobutyl xanthate (CAS# 13001-46-2) as a paste pro 6 cm³patch of rabbits skin.

Conclusion:

Solid xanthates or concentration solution of the compounds can be consider as substances causing skin corrosion.

Carbon disulphide vapour is a severe eye irritant.

Eye irritation/corrosion

An assessment of acid or alkali reserve.

Sodium or potassium xanthates dissolved in water undergoes hydrolysis giving alkaline reaction. When xanthates are produced as a water solutions exes of an alkali hydroxide is kept (pH >10) as a decomposition inhibitor.

Eye irritation/ corrosion

Effect level:

Test animal: rabbit

• 10% water solution, pH 10.5: 5mg/eye – Mild irritation occurred immediately after  instillation. After 1h the eyes appeared normal.
• 36,3% water solution, pH 10.0: 42,5 mg/eye – the concentration solution of the compounds can be consider as substances causing eye corrosion

Discussion/conclusion:

Eye irritation/corrosion

42.4 mg/eye as water solution (pH=10.0), containing 424,1g/dm³of sodium ethyl xanthate (CAS# 140-90-9) or 45.6 mg/eye as water solution pH=10.1, containing 456,1g/dm³of sodium isobutyl xathate (CAS # 25306-75-6), was introduced into the conjunctival sacs of the right rabbit eyes.

Sodium ethyl xanthate (CAS# 140-90-9) or sodium isobutyl xathate (CAS # 25306-75-6) should be consider as seriously injured substance of the rabbit eyes.

Effects on skin irritation/corrosion: corrosive

Effects on eye irritation: corrosive