Vanadyl pyrophosphate

Endpoint summary

Additional information

Acute toxicity to fish has been investigated in a 96 -hour acute toxicity test according to OECD test guidelines. The 96-hour LC50 was estimated to be equal to or greater than 560 mg/L (nominal) (329 mg/L measured). The NOEC (no-observed effect concentration) was 180 mg/L (nominal) (94.1 mg/L measured).

Acute toxicity to a freshwater invertebrate, Daphnia Magna, has been investigated in a static 48 -hour study according to OECD 202 guidelines. The 48 -hour EC50 for immobility was estimated to be 96.6 mg/L (nominal) (65.3 mg/L measured).

Algal growth inhibition has been investigated in a 72 hour test according to OECD/EU test methods. The soluble fraction of the substance was tested and the EC50 (72h) determined to be 25.5 mg/L expressed as biomass and >35.4 mgL expressed as growth rate. These are equivalent to EC50s of 380 mg/L and >528 mg/L, respectively, of BTN/A. NOEC for both biomass and growth rate was 17.7 mg/L expressed as soluble material and 264 mg/L BTN/A. In accordance with ECHA guidance oninformation requirements and chemical safety assessment,Chapter R.7b: Endpoint specific guidance, theErC50 endpoint is used in DNEL derivation. This is because use of values based on biomass cannot be applied to an analysis of results from a system in exponential growth without logarithmic transformation.

Chronic toxicity has been investigated using a numberof vanadium compounds.

The chronic toxicity of sodium metavanadate to Daphnia magna has been investigated using similar methods to those of OECD test guidelines. Vanadium induced mortality rather impairment of reproduction The 23-day LC50 was 2.0 mg/L, the NOLC (No Observed Lethal Concentration) was 1.6 (1.58) mg/L and the MATC (Maximum Acceptable Toxicant Concentration), based on effects on reproduction, was 1.9 (1.89) mg/L.

The long-term toxicity of vanadium pentoxide has been investigated in the American flagfish. Exposure commenced on one week old larvae and continued for 96 days. Fish were continuously exposed to vanadium concentrations of 0, 0.041, 0.17, 0.48 and 1.5mg/L. Mortality, growth, and abnormalities were assessed following 28, 70 and 96 days of exposure. Daily counts of number of eggs laid were made from Day 71 to 95 of exposure. Fertility and hatchability of eggs was assessed on eggs collected on the first four successive days of spawning that yielded 20 or more eggs. Mortality, growth, and abnormalities of the 2nd generation were assessed during the 30 days following hatching. Sub-acute lethality to the fry was the most important finding. If fish survived the first month of exposure, they suffered few sub-lethal effects during the remaining period of the study. This indicates that vanadium is not acting as a cumulative poison. If accumulation had been occurring the first generation of fish might have been expected to sicken or die as they accumulated the metal during their lifetime, but there was no indication of this. For example, the final size and spawning performance of survivors in 1.5 mg/L of vanadium was not different from controls, although that concentration had killed 73% of the fry. Dry weight of the 2nd generation fish revealed adverse effects of exposure at exposure concentrations of 0.17 mg/L and above when compared to controls. Vanadium at 0.041 mg/L was therefore regarded as the NOEC with a threshold for chronic or sub-lethal responses between 0.041 and 0.17 mg/L.