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Diss Factsheets

Administrative data

Description of key information

Based on the results of oral study, 50 mg body weight/day of FAT 40825/A was established as the no-observed-effect-level (NOEL), and 1000 mg/kg body weight/day of FAT 40825/A as the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL).

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Toxic effect type:
concentration-driven

Repeated dose toxicity: via oral route - systemic effects

Link to relevant study records
Reference
Endpoint:
short-term repeated dose toxicity: oral
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
Experimental start date - 12 April 2006;
Experiment completion date - 16 August 2006
Study completion date - 22 August 2006.
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 407 (Repeated Dose 28-Day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents)
Deviations:
no
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
EU Method B.7 (Repeated Dose (28 Days) Toxicity (Oral))
Deviations:
no
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
other: Japanese Guidelines for Screening, Toxicity Testing of Chemicals: Testing Methods for new Substances, enacted July 13,1974, amended December 5,1986
Deviations:
no
GLP compliance:
yes
Limit test:
no
Specific details on test material used for the study:
Identity: FAT 40825/A
Batch number: CHU 297 / BOP 04/05
Purity: Organic part (Na-salt): approx. 83.7 %; All coloured components: approx. 80.54 %; Main component: approx. 59.1 %.
Appearance: Solid, black powder
Storage conditions: At room temperature at about 20 °C
Expiration date: December 31, 2010
Species:
rat
Strain:
Wistar
Sex:
male/female
Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
Test system: Rat, HanRcc:WIST (SPF)
Total number of animals/group: Groups 1 and 4: 10 males; 10 females
Groups 2 and 3: 5 males; 5 females
Total number of animals used: 30 males and 30 females
Age at delivery: 6 weeks
Body weight range at acclimatization: Males: 130.4 - 159.2 grams (mean 145.7 grams), Females: 115.9 - 130.4 grams (mean 121.4 grams)
Identification: Acclimatization: Cage card and tail mark (later ear tattoo)
Treatment: Cage card and individual ear tattoo
Randomization: Computer-generated random algorithm
Acclimatization: Under test conditions after health examination. Only animals without any visible signs of illness were used for the study.

Husbandry:
Conditions: Standard Laboratory Conditions. Air-conditioned with 10 - 15 air changes per hour, and continuously monitored environmental conditions (temperature range: 22 ±3 °C; relative humidity range: 30 - 70 %). There was 12-hour fluorescent light/12 -hour dark cycle with music during the light period.
Accommodation: In groups of five in Makrolon type-4 cages with wire mesh tops and standardized softwood bedding
Water: Community tap-water from Itingen was available ad libitum in water bottles.
Diet: Pelleted standard Provimi Kliba 3433 (batch no.01/06) rat maintenance diet was available ad libitum.
Route of administration:
oral: gavage
Vehicle:
water
Details on oral exposure:
Method: Oral, by gavage.
Daily dose levels: Group 1: 0 mg/kg body weight
Group 2: 50 mg/kg body weight
Group 3: 200 mg/kg body weight
Group 4: 1000 mg/kg body weight
Frequency of administration: Daily
Dose volume: 10 ml/kg body weight
Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
yes
Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
Concentration, homogeneity and stability (after 3 hours and 7 days) of the dose formulations were determined in samples taken after experimental start. Concentration and homogeneity of the dose formulations were determined in samples taken during week 3 of the treatment. The analyses were performed by RCC Ltd (Environmental Chemistry & Pharmanalytics Division) according to a HPLC method supplied by the Sponsor.
Duration of treatment / exposure:
28 days
Frequency of treatment:
Daily
Dose / conc.:
0 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
Remarks:
Group 1: Control group
Dose / conc.:
50 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
Remarks:
Group 2: Low dose group
Dose / conc.:
200 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
Remarks:
Group 3: Mid dose group
Dose / conc.:
1 000 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
Remarks:
Group 4: High dose group
No. of animals per sex per dose:
Groups 1 and 4: 10 males; 10 females
Groups 2 and 3: 5 males; 5 females
Control animals:
yes, concurrent vehicle
Details on study design:
The test item was administered daily by oral gavage to SPF-bred Wistar rats of both sexes at dose levels of 50, 200 and 1000 mg/kg body weight/day for a period of 28 days. A control group was treated similarly with the vehicle, bidistilled water, only. The groups comprised 5 animals per sex which were sacrificed after 28 days of treatment. Additional 5 rats per sex and group were used at 0 and 1000 mg/kg. These animals were treated for 28 days and then allowed a 14-day treatment-free recovery period after which they were sacrificed.
Positive control:
no
Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
Mortality / Viability:
Observations for mortality/viability were recorded twice daily.

General Cageside Observations (Daily):
The animals were observed for clinical signs once before commencement of administration; twice daily on days 1 - 3; as well as once daily on days 4 - 28, and once daily during days 29 - 42 (recovery).:
The animals were observed in their home cages, outside their home cages in a standard arena and in the hand. These observations were performed in random sequence once before commencement of administration and once weekly (weeks 1 - 3) thereafter.

Food Consumption:
The food consumption was recorded once during the pretest period and weekly thereafter, using an on-line electronic recording system consisting of a Mettler balance connected to the RCC computer.

Body Weights:
Body weights were recorded weekly during pretest, treatment and recovery and before necropsy, using an on-line electronic recording system consisting of a Mettler balance connected to the RCC computer.

Functional Observational Battery:
During week 4, relevant parameters from a modified Irwin screen test were evaluated in all animals.
Sacrifice and pathology:
All animals were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of sodium pentobarbitone and killed by exsanguination.
Other examinations:
Functional Observational Battery:
During week 4, relevant parameters from a modified Irwin screen test were evaluated in all animals.
NB. The results of the Functional Observational Battery are presented in the summary and individual tables of the Detailed Clinical Observations (Weekly) under week 4. This method of data presentation permits a clear evaluation and assessment of weekly clinical signs observed during the study.

Grip Strength: Forelimb and hind limb grip strength measurements were performed using a push-pull strain gauge (Mecmesin, AFG 25N). The animals were placed with the forepaws inside a triangular grasping ring and with the hind paws outside a triangular grasping ring.
Using one hand, the animals were held towards the base of the tail and steadily pulled away or towards the ring until the grip was broken. Each measurement was repeated three times, the means were calculated and recorded.

Locomotor Activity: Locomotor (decreased or increased) activity was measured quantitatively with AMS Föhr Medical Instruments GmbH (FMI) and DeMeTec GmbH Activity Monitor System.
Animals were monitored during the fourth treatment week for a 60-minute period and the total activity of this time period was recorded. Low beams count was reported in 10-minute intervals as well as the total activity of the measuring period.
Statistics:
The following statistical methods were used to analyse the grip strength, locomotor activity, body weight, clinical laboratory investigations, organ weights and ratios:
• The Dunnett-test (many to one t-test) based on a pooled variance estimate were applied if the variables could be assumed to follow a normal distribution for the comparison of the treated groups and the control groups for each sex.
• The Steel-test (many-one rank test) were applied instead of the Dunnett test when the data cannot be assumed to follow a normal distribution.
• Fisher's exact-test was applied to the macroscopic findings.
Clinical signs:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
During daily observations, dark faeces (with dose-related time of onset and severity) were noted in males and females treated with 200 mg/kg/day or 1000 mg/kg/day. In the latter group, this finding was observed from days 1-5 of recovery with diminishing severity. Dark faeces were considered to be a passive test item-related effect without toxicological relevance.
During weekly observations (weeks 1-3), no signs were noted at any dose level.
Mortality:
no mortality observed
Description (incidence):
All animals survived until scheduled necropsy.
Body weight and weight changes:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
The mean body weights of the test item-treated rats compared favourably with those of the control rats.
Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
No differences of toxicological relevance were noted in the mean absolute or relative daily food consumption at any dose level tested.
Haematological findings:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
No test item-related changes were noted in the haematology parameters at any dose level.
Clinical biochemistry findings:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
At 1000 mg/kg/day, reductions in blood glucose, increased total bilirubin, elevated cholesterol, triglycerides (females only), phospholipids (males only) and phosphorus were noted after four weeks' treatment. With the exception of total bilirubin, all differences remained within the ranges of the historical control values, but may indicate minor adaptive changes in liver metabolism. The elevation in total bilirubin was considered to be a possible artifact induced by staining of the plasma.
Urinalysis findings:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
No test item-related changes were noted in the urinalysis parameters at any dose level.
Behaviour (functional findings):
effects observed, non-treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
During the functional observational battery (week 4), no signs were noted at any dose level.

Grip Strength:
No test item-related changes in the mean fore- or hindlimb grip strength were noted at any dose level.

Locomotor Activity:
Minor differences noted in the mean locomotor activity of the test item-treated rats were considered to be of no toxicological relevance.
Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
No differences of toxicological relevance were noted in the mean absolute or relative organ weights at any dose level after four weeks' treatment or two weeks' subsequent recovery.
Gross pathological findings:
effects observed, non-treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
At the end of the treatment period, a violet discoloration of the ileum, cecum, colon and rectum was recorded in all males and females treated with 1000 mg/kg/day, while black discoloration of the kidneys was seen in all males and females treated with 1000 mg/kg/day at the end of treatment and recovery periods. Since the microscopic examination of intestinal organs did not reveal any changes associated to the discoloration, no toxicological meaning was attributed to it.
Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
Microscopically patchy fatty change (with small droplets) was seen in the liver of animals treated with 1000 mg/kg/day. After two weeks of recovery, the liver of males returned to normal, whereas changes were still present in a few females. Eosinophilic granules (hyaline droplets) were observed in the renal tubules (mainly proximal) of some male rats treated with 1000 mg/kg/day. In addition dark pigments were seen in the renal tubules of some males and females treated with 1000 mg/kg/day. Neither granules nor pigmentation were associated with any other morphological change such as degeneration or inflammation. The pigmentation was probably associated to the black discoloration reported at necropsy. After two weeks of recovery, the kidneys returned to normal.
Dose descriptor:
NOAEL
Effect level:
1 000 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
Based on:
test mat.
Sex:
male/female
Basis for effect level:
other:
Remarks on result:
other: No adverse effects observed
Critical effects observed:
no
Conclusions:
Based on the results of this study, 50 mg body weight/day of the test item was established as the no-observed-effect-level (NOEL), and 1000 mg/kg body weight/day of the test item as the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL).
Executive summary:

In a GLP:compliant subacute toxicity study conducted according to OECD test guideline 407, the test item was administered daily by oral gavage to SPF-bred Wistar rats of both sexes at dose levels of 50, 200 and 1000 mg/kg body weight/day for a period of 28 days. A control group was treated similarly with the vehicle, bi-distilled water, only. The groups comprised 5 animals per sex which were sacrificed after 28 days of treatment. Additional 5 rats per sex and group were used at 0 and 1000 mg/kg. These animals were treated for 28 days and then allowed a 14-day treatment-free recovery period after which they were sacrificed. Clinical signs, outside cage observation, food consumption and body weights were recorded periodically during acclimatization, treatment and recovery periods. Functional observational battery, locomotor activity and grip strength were performed during week 4. At the end of the dosing and the treatment-free recovery period, blood samples were withdrawn for haematology and plasma chemistry analyses. Urine samples were collected for urinalyses. All animals were killed, necropsied and examined post-mortem. Histological examinations were performed on organs and tissues from all control and high dose animals, and all gross lesions from all animals. From the animals of the low and middle dose groups, liver and kidneys were examined to establish a no-effect level. And the oral administration of the test item to Wistar rats at doses of 50, 200 and 1000 mg/kg/day, for 28 days resulted in no mortality, no clinical signs of toxicological relevance during daily or weekly observations (weeks 1-3), no effects upon functional observational battery (week 4), including changes in grip strength and locomotor activity. The mean daily food consumption and mean body weights were unaffected. The organ weights and ratios of test item-treated rats compared favourably to those of the controls. No test item-related changes were noted in the haematology parameters at any dose level. All differences of clinical biochemistry remained within the ranges of the historical control values but may indicate minor adaptive changes in liver metabolism. The elevation in total bilirubin was considered to be a possible artifact induced by staining of the plasma. No test item-related changes were noted in the urinalysis parameters at any dose level. No differences of toxicological relevance were noted in the mean absolute or relative organ weights at any dose level after four weeks' treatment or two weeks' subsequent recovery. No test item-related changes were noted in the macroscopic/microscopic findings. Based on the results of this study, 50 mg body weight/day of the test item was established as the no-observed-effect-level (NOEL), and1000 mg/kg body weight/day of the test item as the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL).

Endpoint conclusion
Endpoint conclusion:
no adverse effect observed
Dose descriptor:
NOAEL
1 000 mg/kg bw/day
Study duration:
subacute
Species:
rat
Quality of whole database:
Good quality database with Klimisch rating 1

Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation - systemic effects

Endpoint conclusion
Endpoint conclusion:
no study available

Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation - local effects

Endpoint conclusion
Endpoint conclusion:
no study available

Repeated dose toxicity: dermal - systemic effects

Endpoint conclusion
Endpoint conclusion:
no study available

Repeated dose toxicity: dermal - local effects

Endpoint conclusion
Endpoint conclusion:
no study available

Additional information

Repeated oral toxicity


In a GLP-compliant subacute toxicity study conducted according to OECD test guideline 407, the test item was administered daily by oral gavage to SPF-bred Wistar rats of both sexes at dose levels of 50, 200 and 1000 mg/kg body weight/day for a period of 28 days. A control group was treated similarly with the vehicle, bi-distilled water, only. The groups comprised 5 animals per sex which were sacrificed after 28 days of treatment. Additional 5 rats per sex and group were used at 0 and 1000 mg/kg. These animals were treated for 28 days and then allowed a 14-day treatment-free recovery period after which they were sacrificed. Clinical signs, outside cage observation, food consumption and body weights were recorded periodically during acclimatization, treatment and recovery periods. Functional observational battery, locomotor activity and grip strength were performed during week 4. At the end of the dosing and the treatment-free recovery period, blood samples were withdrawn for haematology and plasma chemistry analyses. Urine samples were collected for urinalyses. All animals were killed, necropsied and examined post mortem. Histological examinations were performed on organs and tissues from all control and high dose animals, and all gross lesions from all animals. 


From the animals of the low and middle dose groups, liver and kidneys were examined to establish a no-effect level.


And the oral administration of the test item to Wistar rats at doses of 50, 200 and 1000 mg/kg/day, for 28 days resulted in no mortality, no clinical signs of toxicological relevance during daily or weekly observations (weeks 1-3), no effects upon functional observational battery (week 4), including changes in grip strength and locomotor activity. The mean daily food consumption and mean body weights were unaffected. The organ weights and ratios of test item-treated rats compared favourably to those of the controls. No test item-related changes were noted in the haematology parameters at any dose level. All differences of clinical biochemistry remained within the ranges of the historical control values but may indicate minor adaptive changes in liver metabolism. The elevation in total bilirubin was considered to be a possible artifact induced by staining of the plasma. No test item-related changes were noted in the urinalysis parameters at any dose level. No differences of toxicological relevance were noted in the mean absolute or relative organ weights at any dose level after four weeks' treatment or two weeks' subsequent recovery. No test item-related changes were noted in the macroscopic/microscopic findings. Based on the results of this study, 50 mg body weight/day of the test item was established as the no-observed-effect-level (NOEL), and1000 mg/kg body weight/day of the test item as the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL).


 


Repeated inhalation toxicity waiver


Currently no study to assess the repeated inhalation toxicity potential of Reactive Green 034 is available. The calculated value for vapour pressure was found to be 1.73 x 10E-32 Pa at 25 °C. Hence, the substance is considered to have low volatility. Synthesis and formulation of this chemical is performed in a closed process; the final product consists of liquid formulations only. Hence, the use of this substance will not result in aerosols, particles or droplets of an inhalable size, so exposure to humans via the inhalation route will be unlikely to occur. Based on column 2, ‘Specific rules for adaptation from column 1’ of the table given in REACH Annex VII, the study on acute inhalation toxicity only needs to be conducted if an exposure via inhalation is to be expected, based on the likelihood of an exposure to aerosols, particles or droplets. Referring to the expected low volatility of the substance, the fact that the substance is imported into the EU in a formulated form as a liquid formulation, the exposure via inhalation is unlikely. Further, Reactive Green 034 was found to be miscible in water (water solubility 341 g/L) and have low log partition coefficient (<= -4.7), hence in the case of dust of the substance entering the respiratory tract, it will be trapped in the mucus and cleared, thereby further limiting the absorption. The chemical showed low toxicity potential (NOAEL = 1000 mg/kg bw) in the available repeated oral toxicity studies with no mortality or systemic toxicity, hence it does not need to be classified as STOT RE. Taking into consideration the above arguments, low toxicity potential is expected on repeated exposure of Reactive Green 034 via inhalation routes and hence repeated toxicity testing by the inhalation route was considered scientifically not necessary.


 


Repeated dermal toxicity waiver


Currently no study to assess the repeated dose dermal toxicity of Reactive Green 034 is available. However, the molecular weight of the chemical is greater than 1270 g/mol, indicating it being too large for dermal absorption. It has water solubility of 341 g/L and n-octanol/water partition coefficient (log P) of <=-4.7, indicating it being too hydrophilic to cross the lipid rich environment of the stratum corneum. Hence, the dermal uptake for the substance will be low. No systemic toxicity was observed upto 1000 mg/kg bw/day via gavage in a 28-day repeated dose toxicity study. No systemic effects were observed in skin irritation and sensitization studies. Similarly, absence of systemic toxicity in skin irritation studies, further supports the conclusion that low toxicity is expected for the chemical via the dermal route. Further experience with similar chemical substances has demonstrated that it is very unlikely that toxicity related to the intrinsic properties of the chemical only show up upon dermal exposure and not after systemic application. Taking above arguments into consideration, low toxicity potential is expected on repeated exposure of Reactive Green 034. Hence, the conduct of repeated dose toxicity study via dermal route for Reactive Green 034 is considered to be scientifically not necessary.

Justification for classification or non-classification

The test article is not classified as per EU CLP (Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008) regulation.