Amides, from branched and linear C16-18 and C18-unsatd. fatty acids, diethylenetriamine and tall-oil fatty acids, citrates

Endpoint summary

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Effects on fertility

Description of key information

Based on the data generated from the combined repeated dose toxicity and reproduction/ developmental toxicity screening test with the analogue substance, no effects were reported on reproductive/ developmental toxicity parameters measured in this study. There were also no effects reported on general toxicity parameters except for the reported macroscopic/microscopic lung changes at all doses tested, 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw.
Due to the lack of clear dose-response relationship (solely restricted to histopathological lung changes) observed in this study, the suitable NOAEL (No observed adverse effect level) general toxicity could not be determined. However, for reproductive/ developmental toxicity, the NOAEL could be set at 1000 mg/kg bw.

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

one-generation reproductive toxicity

Remarks:

based on generations indicated in Effect levels (migrated information)

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Study period:

2010

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 422 (Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction / Developmental Toxicity Screening Test)

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: screening Test. EPA 712-C-00-368, July 2000.

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Limit test:

no

Species:

rat

Strain:

Wistar

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

Young healthy male and nulliparous, non pregnant female rats [strain: Wistar Crl:WI] (Full-Barrier), were used in this study. The animals were derived from a controlled full barrier maintained breeding system (SPF) (Source: Charles River, 97633 Sulzfeld, Germany).

At the beginning of the study, the age of the animals was 8-9 weeks. The range of the body weight was:
Females: 154 to 183 g, (mean: 167.93 g, ± 20%= 33.59 g)
Males: 213 to 233 g, (mean: 222.30 g, ± 20%= 44.46 g)

After an adequate acclimatisation period (at least five days) the animals were barrier maintained (full barrier) in air-conditioned rooms under the following conditions:
- Temperature: 22 3 °C
- Relative humidity: 55 10%
- Artificial light, sequence being 12 hours light, 12 hours dark
- Air change: 10 x / hour
- Free access to Altromin 1324 maintenance diet for rats and mice (lot no.: xx).
- Free access to tap water, sulphur acidified to a pH of approximately 2.8 (drinking water, municipal residue control, microbiological controls at regular intervals)
- Housed individually in IVC cages, type III H, polysulphone cages on Altromin saw fibre bedding

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Vehicle:

corn oil

Details on exposure:

VEHICLE
Name: Corn oil
Justification for use and choice of vehicle (if other than water):The vehicle was chosen as suggested by sponsor and the test item‟s solubility.
Batch No.: 11KBC6753
Storage conditions: at room temperature (RT),
Safety precautions: Routine hygienic procedures were sufficient to assure personnel health and safety

Details on mating procedure:

Animals were paired in the ratio of 1:1 (male to female). The subsequent morning and the next morning there onwards the vaginal smear of female were checked to confirm the evidence of mating. The day of vaginal plug and/or sperm was considered as day 0 of gestation. Cages were arranged in such a way that possible effects due to cage placement was minimised.

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

yes

Duration of treatment / exposure:

The animals will be dosed with the test item on 7 days per week for a period of approximately 54 days. The test substance will be administered daily during 14 days pre mating and 14 days mating in both male and in female, during gestation period and up to post natal day 3 in females. Males will be dosed after the mating period until the minimum total dosing period of 28 days has been completed.

Frequency of treatment:

daily; The animals were dosed with the test item on 7 days per week basis.

Remarks:

Doses / Concentrations:
300 mg/kg bw
Basis:
actual ingested

Remarks:

Doses / Concentrations:
600 mg mg/kg bw
Basis:
actual ingested

Remarks:

Doses / Concentrations:
1000 mg/kg bw
Basis:
actual ingested

No. of animals per sex per dose:

80 animals (10 non pregnant nulliparous females and 10 adult males /group) were included in the study.

Control animals:

yes, concurrent vehicle

In males, the clinical findings observed were, control-nibbling of fur (1/10 animals); LD group- nasal discharge (1/10 animals); MD group- piloerection (1/10 animals), vocalization (1/10 animals), nibbling of fur (1/10 animals) and HD group- salivation (1/10 animals), regurgitation (2/10 animals), nibbling of fur (3/10 animals) and pushing the bedding (1/10 animals).
In females, the clinical findings observed were, control- nibbling of fur (1/10 animals), salivation (1/10 animals); LD group- salivation (1/10 animals), nibbling of fur (1/10 animals); MD group- piloerection (1/10 animals).
No test item related mortalities and effect on functional and behavioural endpoints were observed in male and female animals during the entire study period.
The body weight and food consumption in both males and females remained unaffected due to treatment when compared to the corresponding controls. However, statistical significant deviation was observed for body weight change in females during premating days 7 to 14 in MD group.

Dose descriptor:

LOAEL

Effect level:

300 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

histopathology: non-neoplastic

Key result

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

1 000 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

other: No effects on reproductive performance

Remarks on result:

other: Generation: reproduction effects (migrated information)

Statistical analysis of reproduction and litter data revealed no treatment related effect on group mean litter weight, number of males, number of females, total litter weight, male and female litter weights on PND 0 and PND 4, percent pre implantation loss, post implantation loss, total number of pups born, sex ratio, live pups, still birth and runt on PND 0, total No. of live pups and sex ratio on PND 0 and 4, precoital interval, number. of corpora lutea, number of implantation sites when compared with controls. Statistically significant deviation was observed for % pre-implantation loss and group mean litter weight (PND 4) in MD and HD groups compared to corresponding controls. This deviation was considered to be incidental.
Survival of the pups from PND 0 to PND 4 remained unaffected due to treatment in all treatment groups.

Key result

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Generation:

F1

Effect level:

1 000 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

other: no treatment related effects

Reproductive effects observed:

not specified

In male and female, statistically no significant effect was observed for any of the hematological and clinical biochemistry parameters when compared to their corresponding control. However, there were some individual deviations observed from the historical control range for the respective parameters.

Urinalysis in five randomly selected males from each group revealed no test item related effect.

Necropsy revealed macroscopic changes associated with liver, lung and epididymides in most of the animals of all groups, but microscopically only in lungs, the histopathological changes were observed in the animals of LD, MD and HD groups. No test item related changes were observed in pups at necropsy or death during the study.

In males, statistically no significant differences in the absolute and relative organ weights of the treatment groups was observed when compared with the controls.

In females, statistically significant difference was observed for relative brain weight in LD and HD group compared to controls.

In the female and male reproductive organs, no histopathological lesions considered to be test item-related were noted. Three females were recorded non pregnant during the study, but in histopathology showed normal cycling activity.

Test item-related histopathological lung changes like multifocal subacute bronchopneumonia, characterized by peribronchial foci of prominent fibrosis, with re-epithelialization, infiltration with mononuclear cells, histiocytes and occasional multinucleated cells, was observed in a small proportion of treated males and females of all dose groups, without dose relationship. In addition, a mild amount of intrahistiocytic black material was seen in the lung of each one male in LD and HD group.

Conclusions:

Based on the data generated from this combined repeated dose toxicity and reproduction/ developmental toxicity screening test with Fatty acids, tall-oil, reaction products with diethylenetriamine, maleic anhydride, tetraethylenepentamine and triethylenetetramine, no effects were reported on reproductive/ developmental toxicity parameters measured in this study. There were also no effects reported on general toxicity parameters except for the reported macroscopic/microscopic lung changes.
Due to the lack of clear dose-response relationship (solely restricted to histopathological lung changes) observed in this study, the suitable NOAEL (No observed adverse effect level) general toxicity could not be determined. However, for reproductive/ developmental toxicity, the NOAEL could be set at 1000 mg/kg bw.

Effect on fertility: via oral route

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

1 000 mg/kg bw/day

Study duration:

subacute

Species:

rat

Effect on fertility: via inhalation route

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Effect on fertility: via dermal route

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Additional information

The test is performed with an analogue. No effects on fertility were reported at any of the doses tested (100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw).The rationale for the read-across can be found in chapter 13

Effects on developmental toxicity

Description of key information

In a developmental toxicity study according to OECD 414, no adverse effects were noted related to maternal and developmental toxicity at the highest dose tested 1000 mg/kg bw.

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

developmental toxicity

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

20 June 2016 to 28 August 2016

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 414 (Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Study)

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method B.31 (Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Study)

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EPA OPPTS 870.3700 (Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Study)

GLP compliance:

yes

Limit test:

no

Species:

rat

Strain:

Wistar

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River Deutschland, Sulzfeld, Germany
- Strain: Crl:WI(Han)
- Age at study initiation: 10-14 weeks
- Sex: Untreated females were mated at the Supplier, and were at Day 0 or 1 post-coitum on arrival at the Test Facility (Day 0 post-coitum was the day of successful mating; confirmed by vaginal plug).
- Weight at study initiation: weighed on day 2: 172 to 240 g
- Fasting period before study: none
- Housing: individually in Macrolon plastic cages (MIII type, height 18 cm), Sterilized sawdust as bedding material and paper as cage-enrichment/nesting material
- Feed: Free access to pelleted rodent diet ad libitum
- Water: tap water ad libitum
- Acclimation period: at least 5 days

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 18 to 24°C
- Humidity (%): 40-70%
- Air changes (per hr): at least 10
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Vehicle:

propylene glycol

Details on exposure:

PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS:
prepared daily within 6 hours prior to dosing. Formulations were heated to a maximum of 63.8°C for a maximum duration of 34 minutes to obtain visual homogeneity. Formulations were allowed to cool down below 40°C before dosing. Adjustment was made for specific gravity of the substance and vehicle. No correction was made for the purity.

VEHICLE
- Justification for use and choice of vehicle (if other than water): based on lab trial and sponsor information
- Dose volume 5 mL/kg

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

yes

Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

Duplicate samples were taken of all concentrations on one occasion during treatment and assessed for accuracy and homogeneity. Samples were diluted with THF in order to obtain solutions of 0.1% formic acid in 50/50 (v/v) THF/water and concentrations within the calibration range. During the development of the analytical method stock solutions were stable for 12 hours when stored at room temperature.
HPLC with MS dectection
Instrument: Acquity UPLC system (Waters, Milford, MA, USA)
Detector: Xevo TQ-S mass spectrometer (Waters)
Column: Acquity UPLC BEH C8, 50 mm × 2.1 mm i.d., dp = 1.7 µm (Waters)
Column temperature: 40°C ± 1°C
Injection volume: 5 µL
Mobile phase: 0.1% formic acid in 90/10 (v/v) acetonitrile/water
Flow 0.6 mL/min
MS detection
Ionisation source ESI+
Cone voltage 20 V
Collision energy 30eV
Quantitation sum of m/z 628.5 --> m/z 306 and m/z 630.4 --> m/z 308

Calibration range: 5 - 100 µg/L --> quadratic (r>99%)
QC samples: 1mg/g 109% ; 200 mg/g 99-104%
Accuracy: 93-106%
Homogeneity: CV 2.7-2.8%

Details on mating procedure:

Untreated females were mated at the Supplier, and were at Day 0 or 1 post-coitum on arrival at the Test Facility (Day 0 post-coitum was the day of successful mating; confirmed by vaginal plug).

Duration of treatment / exposure:

day 6-20 post-coitum

Frequency of treatment:

daily

Duration of test:

day 2-21 post-coitum

Dose / conc.:

0 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Dose / conc.:

100 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Dose / conc.:

300 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Dose / conc.:

1 000 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

No. of animals per sex per dose:

22 females/group

Control animals:

yes, concurrent vehicle

Details on study design:

- Dose selection rationale: based on dose-range finding study
Four groups of 6 females were exposed to 0, 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg for Days 6 to 20 post-coitum inclusive by oral gavage. These dose levels were based on a 14-day pilot study in which no toxicity was observed with treatment up to 1000 mg/kg. In a 90-day repeated dose study no effects on clinical signs, body weight or food consumption were observed by treatment up to 1000 mg/kg in the first weeks after dosing.
In this study no effects were found related to maternal or developmental toxicity up to 1000 mg/kg bw.

Maternal examinations:

CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: daily (mortality/viability twice daily) form day 2 post-coitum onwards

BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: on day 2, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 and 21 post-coitum.

FOOD CONSUMPTION: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: 2-6, 6-9, 9-12, 12-15, 15-18 and 18-21 post-coitum.

WATER CONSUMPTION: No quantative examination

POST-MORTEM EXAMINATIONS: Yes
- Sacrifice on day 21 post-coitum
- Organs examined: external, thoracic and abdominal examination, with special attention being paid to the reproductive organs

OTHER: ovary and uterine horn of all animals

Ovaries and uterine content:

The ovaries and uterine content was examined after termination: Yes
Examinations included:
•The number of corpora lutea.
•The weight of the (gravid) uterus.
•The number and distribution of live and dead fetuses.
•The number and distribution of embryo-fetal deaths (early and late resorptions).

Fetal examinations:

- Weight of each fetus.
- Sex of each fetus from the ano-genital distance (during necropsy) and also from gonadal inspections (during further fetal examination).
- External examinations: Yes: [all per litter, including late resorptions]
- Soft tissue examinations: Yes: [half per litter]
- Skeletal examinations: Yes: [half per litter]
- Head examinations: Yes: [half per litter]

Statistics:

Dunnett-test , Steel-test, Fisher Exact-test, Mann Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric ANOVA test, Dunn’s test
All tests were two-sided and in all cases p < 0.05 was accepted as the lowest level of significance

Indices:

Pre-implantation loss (%), Post-implantation loss (%), Viable fetuses affected/litter (%)

Historical control data:

yes included in an appendix to the report

Clinical signs:

effects observed, non-treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

No toxicologically relevant clinical signs were noted during the observation period. Alopecia was noted for single females of the control, 300 and 1000 mg/kg groups. This finding occurred within the range of background findings to be expected for rats of this age and strain which are housed and treated under the conditions in this study. At the incidence observed, these were considered signs of no toxicological relevance.

Mortality:

no mortality observed

Body weight and weight changes:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

Mean body weights, body weight gain and weight gain corrected for gravid uterus of treated animals remained in the same range as controls over the treatment period.

dose mg/kg bw 0 100 300 1000
DAY 2 MEAN 198 196 197 198
ST.DEV. 16.8 13.7 13.2 15.1
N 22 22 22 21
.
DAY 6 MEAN 214 211 212 214
ST.DEV. 18.1 14.4 13.7 15.8
N 22 22 22 21
.
DAY 9 MEAN 222 221 220 222
ST.DEV. 18.8 15.2 13.4 17.2
N 22 22 22 21
.
DAY 12 MEAN 237 236 235 237
ST.DEV. 19.4 16.6 13.8 18.1
N 22 22 22 21
.
DAY 15 MEAN 251 249 247 248
ST.DEV. 21.8 17.6 15.2 19.3
N 22 22 22 21
.
DAY 18 MEAN 278 278 273 275
ST.DEV. 24.4 20.4 16.9 21.3
N 22 22 22 21
.
DAY 21 MEAN 309 313 305 306
ST.DEV. 27.2 25.3 20.7 23.9
N 22 22 22 21

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

dose mg/kg bw 0 100 300 1000
DAYS 2-6 MEAN 19 19 19 19
ST.DEV. 2.3 2.6 1.8 1.9
N 22 22 22 21
DAYS 6-9 MEAN 18 17 17 18
ST.DEV. 2.6 2.7 2.8 3.2
N 22 22 22 21
DAYS 9-12 MEAN 20 21 20 20
ST.DEV. 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.3
N 22 22 22 21
DAYS 12-15 MEAN 22 21 21 21
ST.DEV. 3.1 2.2 1.9 2.3
N 22 22 22 21
DAYS 15-18 MEAN 20 20 20 20
ST.DEV. 2.6 2.2 2.3 2.3
N 22 22 22 21
DAYS 18-21 MEAN 21 21 21 21
ST.DEV. 2.0 1.8 1.8 2.1
N 22 22 22 21
MEAN OF MEANS 20 20 19 20

Food efficiency:

not examined

Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):

not examined

Description (incidence and severity):

not quantitative assessed. No effects reported

Ophthalmological findings:

not examined

Haematological findings:

not examined

Clinical biochemistry findings:

not examined

Urinalysis findings:

not examined

Behaviour (functional findings):

not examined

Immunological findings:

not examined

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

uterus weight: no treatment related effects (average 68.7, 73.1, 69.0 and 65.7 g at 0, 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw)

Gross pathological findings:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

Alopecia observed in 1 animal in control, at 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw was considered not toxicologically relevant (confirming the clinical sign observed during the in-life phase)
dose mg/kg bw 0 100 300 1000
Animals examined 22 22 22 22
Animals Without findings 21 22 21 21
Animals affected 1 0 1 1
Skin Alopecia 1 0 1 1

Neuropathological findings:

not examined

Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:

not examined

Histopathological findings: neoplastic:

not examined

Number of abortions:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

none observed
DOSE GROUP : 1 2 3 4
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NO. % NO. % NO. % NO. %
FEMALES ON STUDY 22 22 22 22
FEMALES THAT ABORTED
OR DELIVERED 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Pre- and post-implantation loss:

effects observed, non-treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

No treatment related effects
pre-implantation loss: 34, 4, 5 and 14 at 0, 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw
postimplantation loss: 13, 19, 21 and 27 at 0, 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw
The statistically significantly lower pre-implantation loss at 100 and 300 mg/kg were considered to be caused by a relatively high concurrent control value (11.2% compared to historical control mean value of 6.2%)

IMPLANTATION SITES 0 100 300 1000
MEAN 10.6 11.4 11.2 10.6
S.D. 2.57 1.14 1.65 1.28
N 22 22 22 21

Total litter losses by resorption:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

DOSE GROUP : 1 2 3 4
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NO. % NO. % NO. % NO. %
FEMALES EXAMINED AT
SCHEDULED NECROPSY 22 100.0 22 100.0 22 100.0 22 100.0
NONGRAVID 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 4.5
GRAVID 22 100.0 22 100.0 22 100.0 21 95.5
WITH RESORPTIONS ONLY 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
WITH VIABLE FETUSES 22 100.0 22 100.0 22 100.0 21 100.0

TOTAL FEMALES GRAVID 22 100.0 22 100.0 22 100.0 21 95.5

Early or late resorptions:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

No treatment related effects
early resorptions: 11, 18, 21 and 26 at 0, 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw
late resorptions: 2, 1, 0 and 1 at 0, 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw

DOSE GROUP : 1 2 3 4

EARLY RESORPTIONS (%)
MEAN 4.5 7.8 7.9 11.2
S.D. 6.50 9.17 16.41 13.30
N 22 22 22 21
LATE RESORPTIONS (%)
MEAN 1.0 0.4 0.0 0.5
S.D. 3.22 1.64 0.00 2.18
N 22 22 22 21

Dead fetuses:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

No dead fetuses in any of the dose group
The number of viable fetuses at 1000 mg/kg bw was reduced compared to controls (88% versus 93% in controls), but this decrease was only slightly outside the historical control values and therefore considered not toxicologically relevant.

DOSE GROUP : 1 2 3 4
VIABLE FETUSES (%)
MEAN 94.6 91.9 92.1 88.3
S.D. 7.64 9.00 16.41 14.16
N 22 22 22 21
DEAD FETUSES (%)
MEAN 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
S.D. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
N 22 22 22 21

Changes in pregnancy duration:

not examined

Description (incidence and severity):

Migrated Data from removed field(s)
Field "Effects on pregnancy duration" (Path: ENDPOINT_STUDY_RECORD.DevelopmentalToxicityTeratogenicity.ResultsAndDiscussion.ResultsMaternalAnimals.MaternalDevelopmentalToxicity.EffectsOnPregnancyDuration): not examined

Changes in number of pregnant:

not examined

Description (incidence and severity):

1 female at 1000 mg/kg bw was not pregnant
As all females were mated before start of treatment, the test item cannot have had an effect on the initial pregnancy rate.

Details on maternal toxic effects:

none observed

Key result

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

1 000 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect level:

other: no adverse effects

Fetal body weight changes:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

mean fetal body weight: 5.0, 5.2, 5.1 and 5.2 at at 0, 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw

DOSE GROUP : 1 2 3 4
MALE FETAL WEIGHTS (g)
MEAN 5.2 5.3 5.2 5.4
S.D. 0.31 0.35 0.30 0.30
N 22 22 22 21
FEMALE FETAL WEIGHTS (g)
MEAN 4.9 5.0 4.9 5.1
S.D. 0.29 0.29 0.27 0.28
N 22 22 22 21
COMBINED FETAL WEIGHTS (g)
MEAN 5.0 5.2 5.1 5.2
S.D. 0.27 0.29 0.26 0.28
N 22 22 22 21



Migrated Data from removed field(s)
Field "Fetal/pup body weight changes" (Path: ENDPOINT_STUDY_RECORD.DevelopmentalToxicityTeratogenicity.ResultsAndDiscussion.ResultsFetuses.FetalPupBodyWeightChanges): not examined

Reduction in number of live offspring:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

mean number of fetuses per litter: 10, 10.5, 10.2 and 9.3 per litter at 0, 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw

The decrease at 1000 mg/kg bw did not reach statistical significance and was only slightly outside the range of the available historical data. Therefore this effects was considered toxicologically irrelevant

DOSE GROUP : 1 2 3 4
VIABLE FETUSES (%)
MEAN 94.6 91.9 92.1 88.3
S.D. 7.64 9.00 16.41 14.16
N 22 22 22 21
DEAD FETUSES (%)
MEAN 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
S.D. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
N 22 22 22 21

Changes in sex ratio:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

44:56, 53:47, 51:49 and 47:53 for the control, 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg

DOSE GROUP : 1 2 3 4

MALES (%)
MEAN 43.8 53.4 50.7 47.3
S.D. 16.20 14.38 16.86 15.51
N 22 22 22 21

FEMALES (%)
MEAN 56.2 46.6 49.3 52.7
S.D. 16.20 14.38 16.86 15.51
N 22 22 22 21

Changes in litter size and weights:

not examined

Changes in postnatal survival:

not examined

External malformations:

effects observed, non-treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

one control fetus: omphalocele (chance finding)

DOSE GROUP: fetuses 1 2 3 4 litters 1 2 3 4
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NUMBER EXAMINED EXTERNALLY 221 232 225 196 22 22 22 21
TRUNK- OMPHALOCELE 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

Skeletal malformations:

effects observed, non-treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Not treatment related
100 mg/kg bw: smal mandible (1), bent limb bone(1), vertebral centra anomaly (1) and sternoschisis (1)
300 mg/kg bw: bent limb bone(4)
1000 mg/kg bw: malpositioned metatarsals (1) and bent limb bone(1)

bent limb done: no relation to dose concentration and as it is also the most common observed malformation in historical controls
other findings: chance findings

DOSE GROUP: fetuses 1 2 3 4 litters 1 2 3 4
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NUMBER EXAMINED SKELETALLY 110 116 114 100 22 22 22 21
MANDIBLE(S)- ABSENT OR SMALL 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
METACARPAL(S) AND/OR METATARSAL(S)-
MALPOSITIONED 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
BENT LIMB BONE(S) 1 1 4 1 1 1 3 1
VERTEBRAL CENTRA ANOMALY 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
STERNOSCHISIS 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0

Visceral malformations:

effects observed, non-treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

one fetus at 100 mg/kg bw: one kidney missing (chance finding)

DOSE GROUP: fetuses 1 2 3 4 litters 1 2 3 4
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NUMBER EXAMINED VISCERALLY 111 116 111 96 22 22 22 21
KIDNEY(S) AND/OR URETER(S)- ABSENT 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0

Other effects:

effects observed, non-treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Visceral variations
DOSE GROUP: fetuses 1 2 3 4 litters 1 2 3 4
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NUMBER EXAMINED VISCERALLY 111 116 111 96 22 22 22 21
LIVER- APPENDIX 4 2 2 5 4 2 2 5
LIVER- SMALL SUPERNUMERARY LOBE(S) 11 8 9 3 9 8 8 3


Skeletal variations : 84.8%, 78.0%, 84.2% and 79.7% per litter at 0, 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw
DOSE GROUP: fetuses 1 2 3 4 litters 1 2 3 4
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NUMBER EXAMINED SKELETALLY 110 116 114 100 22 22 22 21
14TH RUDIMENTARY RIB(S) 63 62 57 54 21 21 20 19
PELVIC GIRDLE- CAUDAL SHIFT 4 8 15 7 3 5 7 5
14TH FULL RIB(S) 8 7 16 7 5 6 6 6
REDUCED OSSIFICATION OF THE SKULL 20 18 16 13 13 10 10 7
BENT RIB(S) 22 25 24 18 14 12 11 10
STERNEBRA(E) MALALIGNED (SLIGHT OR MODER) 32 23 32 20 18 14 16 12
METACARPAL(S) AND/OR METATARSAL(S)
UNOSSIFIED 4 5 3 4 4 4 3 2
7TH CERVICAL OSSIFICATION SITE(S) 3 4 8 4 3 4 7 3
7TH CERVICAL FULL RIB(S) 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1
STERNEBRA(E)- BRANCHED 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
VERTEBRAL CENTRA- REDUCED OSSIFICATION 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
SKULL- SUPERNUMERARY SITE 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
VERTEBRAL ARCHES- REDUCED OSSIFICATION 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
STERNEBRA(E) #5 AND/OR #6 UNOSSIFIED 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0

Details on embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:

no treatment related effects

Key result

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

1 000 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

other: no treatment related effects

Abnormalities:

effects observed, non-treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

incidental and/or within historical controls

Key result

Developmental effects observed:

no

Treatment related:

no

For detailed results and historical data see attached tables

Maternal data

Dose	0	100	300	1000	Treatment related
Endpoint
Mortality	No mortality				No
Clinical signs -Alopecia	1/22	0/22	1/22	1/21	No
Pregnancy rate	22/22	22/22	22/22	21/22	No
Abortions	0	0	0	0	No
Body weight (gain)	NTRE				No
Body weight (gain) corr. for gravid uterus weight	Not reported
Food consumption	NTRE				No
Macroscopy -Alopecia	1/22	0/22	1/22	1/21	No
Gravid Uterus weight (g)	68.7	73.1	69.0	65.7	No
Corpora Lutea	12.1	11.6	11.4	11.3	No
Implantation sites	10.6	11.4	11.2	10.6	No
Early resorptions (%)	4.5	7.8	7.9	11.2	No Not statistically significant and only slightly < historical controls
Late resorptions (%)	1.0	0.4	0	0.5	No
Pre-Implantation loss (mean %)	1.5	0.2↓	0.2↓	0.5	No within historical controls
Post-Implantation loss (mean %)	0.6	0.9	1.0	1.3	No
Viable foetuses (%/mean)	94.6/10	91.9/10.5	92.1/10.2	88.3/9.3	No Not statistically significant and only slightly < historical controls
Dead foetuses (%)	0	0	0	0	No

NTRE= no treatment related effects

↓statistically decreased

Fetal data

Dose	0		100		300		1000		Treatment related
Endpoint	M	F	M	F	M	F	M	F
Fetal weight (mean g)	5.0		5.2		5.1		5.2		No
Sex ratio (%)	44	56	53	47	51	49	47	53	No
External findings(% litters affected) - Omphalocele (no. foetuses)	0.6 1/221		0		0		0		No
Visceral malformations(no foetuses/no litters)	0/0		1/1		0/0		0/0		No
Malformations (no of foetuses): -Kidneys absent Variations (no of foetuses): -Small supernumerary liver lobes/ appendix of the liver	11/4		1   8/2		9/2		3/5		No
Skeletal malformations(no foetuses/no litters)	1/1		4/4		4/3		2/2		No
Malformations (no foetuses) - bent limb bones - malpositioned metatarsals - small mandibles - vertebral centra anomaly - sternoschisis	1		1 1 1 1 1		4		1 1		No
Variations (% litters)	84.8		78.0		84.2		79.7		No

*PELVIC GIRDLE- CAUDAL SHIFT,14TH FULL RIB(S), REDUCED OSSIFICATION OF THE SKULL, BENT RIB(S), STERNEBRA(E) MALALIGNED (SLIGHT OR MODERATE), METACARPAL(S) AND/OR METATARSAL(S) UNOSSIFIED, 7TH CERVICAL OSSIFICATION SITE(S), 7TH CERVICAL FULL RIB(S), STERNEBRA(E)- BRANCHED, VERTEBRAL CENTRA- REDUCED OSSIFICATION, SKULL- SUPERNUMERARY SITE ,VERTEBRAL ARCHES- REDUCED OSSIFICATION AND STERNEBRA(E) #5 AND/OR #6 UNOSSIFIED

1.Formulation Analysis

Accuracy of preparation

The concentrations analysed in the formulations of Group 2, Group 3 and Group 4 were in agreement with target concentrations (i.e. mean accuracies between 85% and 115%). The mean accuracy was 98% for Group 2, 96% for Group 3 and 103% for Group 4.

No test item was detected in the Group 1 formulation.

Homogeneity

The formulations of Group 2 and Group 4 were homogeneous (i.e. coefficient of variation = 10%). The coefficient of variation was 2.7% for Group 2 and 2.8% for Group 4.

2.Maternal Findings

For further detail on summary data,see attached document with tables.

2.1.Mortality

No mortality occurred in this study.

2.2.Clinical Signs

No toxicologically relevant clinical signs were noted during the observation period. Alopecia was noted for single females of the control, 300 and 1000 mg/kg groups. This finding occurred within the range of background findings to be expected for rats of this age and strain which are housed and treated under the conditions in this study. At the incidence observed, these were considered signs of no toxicological relevance.

2.3.Body Weights

Mean body weights, body weight gain and weight gain corrected for gravid uterus of treated animals remained in the same range as controls over the treatment period.

2.4.Food Consumption

Food consumption before or after correction for body weight was similar between treated and control animals over the treatment period.

2.5.Macroscopic Examination

Macroscopic examination at necropsy revealed no toxicologically relevant findings.

The only alteration observed was alopecia, noted for three females, confirming the clinical sign observed during the in-life phase.

2.6.Maternal Pregnancy Data

One female at 1000 mg/kg (no. 82) was not pregnant. All other females were pregnant and had litters with viable fetuses.

As all females were mated before start of treatment, the test item cannot have had an effect on the initial

pregnancy rate.

There were no toxicologically relevant effects on the numbers of pregnant females, corpora lutea and implantation sites, or in pre- or post-implantation loss by treatment up to 1000 mg/kg. 

The statistically significantly lower pre-implantation loss at 100 and 300 mg/kg were considered to be caused by a relatively high concurrent control value (11.2% compared to historical control mean value of 6.2%)

3.Fetal Findings

3.1.Litter Size

There were no treatment-related effects on litter size of any group.

Mean litter sizes were 10.0, 10.5, 10.2 and 9.3 fetuses/litter for the control, 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg groups, respectively.

The percentage of viable fetuses was slightly lower in the 1000 mg/kg group (88.3%), when compared to the control group (94.6%). This was related to the slightly higher percentage of early resorptions at 1000 mg/kg (11.2%), compared to controls (4.5%). As these changes were not statistically significant and only slightly outside the range of the available historical control data, they were not considered to be toxicologically relevant.

Range of historical control data of viable fetuses/litter and early resorptions/litter: 88.9% - 98.4% and 1.6% -

11.1%, respectively.

3.2.Sex Ratio

The male:female ratio was unaffected by treatment up to 1000 mg/kg.

Mean sex ratios (males:females) were 44:56, 53:47, 51:49 and 47:53 for the control, 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg groups, respectively.

3.3.Fetal Body Weight

There were no effects on fetal body weights (both sexes) noted by treatment up to 1000 mg/kg.

Mean combined (male and female) fetal body weights were 5.0, 5.2, 5.1 and 5.2 gram for the control, 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg groups, respectively.

4.Fetal Morphological Examinations

The numbers of fetuses (litters) available for morphological examination were 221 (22), 232 (22), 225 (22) and 196 (21) in Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. External examination was done for all fetuses, visceral examination was done for approximately half of the fetuses of all groups, and skeletal examination was done for the other half of fetuses.

4.1.Exteral Malformations and Variations

There were no treatment related effects on external morphology following treatment up to 1000 mg/kg.

The only external malformation (an omphalocele) observed in this study was noted in control fetus A020-10 and as such was considered a chance finding.

External variations were not seen in any group.

4.2.Visceral Malformations and Variations

There were no treatment related effects on visceral morphology following treatment up to 1000 mg/kg.

One visceral malformation was observed, which occurred in fetus A025-12 at 100 mg/kg. This fetus missed one of the two kidneys. As this rare malformation occurred singly, it was considered a chance finding.

The two visceral variations that were noted in this study both involved the liver (small supernumerary liver lobes and appendix of the liver) and as these occurred at low incidences and in the absence of a dose-related incidence, they were not considered to be treatment related.

4.3.Skeletal Malformations and Variations

There were no treatment related effects on skeletal morphology following treatment up to 1000 mg/kg.

Skeletal malformations were observed in 1 (1), 4 (4), 4 (3) and 2 (2) fetuses (litters) in Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. The most common malformation was bent limb bones (scapulas and/or humeri) that occurred in one control (A008-02), one Group 2 (A031-11), four Group 3 (A047-11, A056-08, A065-07 and -09) and one Group 4 fetus (A084-09). The group distribution of this malformation did not indicate a relation to dose concentration and as it is also the most common observed malformation in historical controls, it was not considered tobe toxicologically relevant.

Other malformations that were revealed included malpositioned metatarsals noted in Group 4 fetus (A088-03) and small mandibles, vertebral centra anomaly and sternoschisis noted in Group 2(fetus A044-09, A033-03 and A032-05, respectively). Because these occurred singly, they were considered chance findings.

Skeletal variations occurred at an incidence of 84.8%, 78.0%, 84.2% and 79.7% per litter in Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. All the ones noted, were not considered to be treatment related as they occurred in the absence of a dose-dependent relationship, infrequently and/or at frequencies that were within the range of available historical control data.

 

Conclusions:

Twenty-two female rats/group were exposed to the substance during day 6 to 20 post-coitum at 0, 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw by gavage. No effects on maternal mortality, bodyweight (gain), clinical signs, food consumption and macroscopy were found. No effects were reported on maternal develomental parameters like abortions, implantation loss, resorptions and fetal deaths. The litter size as well as the sex ratio, number and weight of the fetuses did not differ between dose groups. No treatment related external, visceral and/or skeletal malformations were observed. The NOAEL for maternal toxicity is 1000 mg/kg bw. The NOAEL for developmental toxicity is 1000 mg/kg bw.

Executive summary:

Eighty-eight mated female Wistar Han rats were assigned to four dose groups. The test item was administered once daily by oral gavage from Days 6 to 20 post-coitum at doses of 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg (Groups 2, 3 and 4 respectively). The rats of the control group received the vehicle, propylene glycol, alone. Females were checked daily for the presence of clinical signs. Food consumption and body weight were determined at periodic intervals. Formulations prepared on one day during treatment were analyzed for accuracy and homogeneity. All animals surviving to Day 21 post-coitum were subjected to an examination post-mortem and external, thoracic and abdominal macroscopic findings were recorded. Gross lesions were collected and fixed from all animals at necropsy. A laparohysterectomy was performed on each surviving female of the groups. The uteri, placentae and ovaries were examined, and the numbers of fetuses, early and late resorptions, total implantations and corpora lutea were recorded. Gravid uterine weights were recorded, and corrected body weights (changes) were calculated. The fetuses were weighed, sexed and examined for external, visceral and skeletal malformations and developmental variations. All live fetuses were euthanized. One half of the fetuses were decapitated and the heads were fixed in Bouin’s fixative; these fetuses were dissected and examined for visceral anomalies. The other one-half of the fetuses were processed and stained with Alizarin Red S for skeletal examinations.

RESULTS

Accuracy and homogeneity of formulations were demonstrated by analyses.

Maternal findings

No maternal toxicity (i.e. mortality, clinical signs of toxicity, toxicologically relevant changes in body weight or food consumption or macroscopic alterations) was observed in the 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg groups.

Developmental findings

No developmental toxicity (i.e. toxicologically relevant changes in the number of implantation sites, pre- or post-implantation loss, litter size, sex ratio, fetal body weights or fetal morphological alterations) was observed in the 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg groups.

CONCLUSION

Based on the results in this prenatal developmental toxicity study the maternal and developmental No Observed Adverse Effect Levels (NOAEL) for reaction products of tall oil fatty acids with diethylenetriamine and maleic anhydride were established as being 1000 mg/kg.  

Effect on developmental toxicity: via oral route

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

1 000 mg/kg bw/day

Study duration:

subacute

Species:

rat

Effect on developmental toxicity: via inhalation route

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Effect on developmental toxicity: via dermal route

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Additional information

Twenty-two female rats/group were exposed to the analogue substance during day 6 to 20 post-coitum at 0, 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw by gavage. No effects on maternal mortality, bodyweight (gain), clinical signs, food consumption and macroscopy were found. No effects were reported on maternal developmental parameters like abortions, implantation loss, resorptions and fetal deaths. The litter size as well as the sex ratio, number and weight of the fetuses did not differ between dose groups. No treatment related external, visceral and/or skeletal malformations were observed. The NOAEL for maternal toxicity is 1000 mg/kg bw. The NOAEL for developmental toxicity is 1000 mg/kg bw.

Justification for classification or non-classification

Based on the developmental toxicity study as performed with the analogue substance and the outcome of the repeated dose/reproduction screening study with the other analogue, no classification is warranted.