2,3-Quinoxalinedione, 1,4-dihydro-6-methoxy-7-nitro-

Skin sensitisation

Administrative data

Endpoint:

skin sensitisation: in vivo (LLNA)

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

2011 - 2012

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Guideline-conform study under GLP without deviations

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2012

Report date:

2012

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 429 (Skin Sensitisation: Local Lymph Node Assay)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Type of study:

mouse local lymph node assay (LLNA)

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

1,4-Dihydro-6-methoxy-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione

EC Number:

614-960-9

Cas Number:

69399-57-1

Molecular formula:

C9H7N3O5

IUPAC Name:

1,4-Dihydro-6-methoxy-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione

Test material form:

solid: particulate/powder

Remarks:

migrated information: powder

Details on test material:

Identity: Nitro-C-Dion trocken (NMQD)
CAS No.: 69399-57-1
Purity: 91.0 % (w/w); (dose calculation not adjusted to purity)
Stability in solvent: >72 hours in DMSO and ethanol at room temperature
Storage: At room temperature

In vivo test system

Test animals

Species:

mouse

Strain:

CBA

Sex:

female

Details on test animals and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS:
Pre-test: Mice, CBA/CaOlaHsd
Main experiment: Mice, CBA/CaCrl
Source (pre-test):Harlan Laboratories B.V. Postbus 6174 5960 AD Horst / The Netherlands
Source (main study): Charles River UK Ltd. Manston Road Margate, Kent CT9 4LT United Kingdom
Age at study initiation:
Pre-test: 9 - 10 weeks (beginning of treatment)
Main study: 8 – 9 weeks (beginning of treatment
Housing:group caging
Diet: pelleted standard diet (Harlan Laboratories B.V., 5960 AD Horst, The Netherlands), ad libidum
Water: tap water, (Gemeindewerke, 64380 Rossdorf, Germany), ad libitum
Acclimation period: At least 5 days prior to the start of dosing under test conditions after health examination. Only animals without any visible signs of illness were used for the study

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 22 + 2°C
- Humidity (%): 45-65 %
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): artificial light 6:00 a.m. - 6:00 p.m.
- Bedding: granulated soft wood bedding (Rettenmaier & Söhne GmbH + Co. KG, 73494 Rosenberg, Germany)

Study design: in vivo (LLNA)

Vehicle:

methyl ethyl ketone

Concentration:

5, 10, and 25% (w/v)

No. of animals per dose:

4

Details on study design:

RANGE FINDING TESTS:

A solubility experiment was performed according to the recommendations given by OECD 429. The highest test item concentration, which could be technically used was a 25 % suspension in methyl ethyl ketone. Vortexing and sonicating were necessary to formulate the test item. At higher concentrations, an applicable formulation of the test item was not achieved, neither by the use of other vehicles nor by using additional methods to formulate the test item (e.g. warming to 37°C).
To determine the highest non-irritant test concentration that at the same time did not induce signs of systemic toxicity, a pre-test was performed in two animals and stated in raw data and report. Two mice were treated by (epidermal) topical application to the dorsal surface of each ear with test item concentrations of 10 % and 25 % once daily each on three consecutive days. Prior to the first application of the test item and before sacrifice the body weight was determined. Clinical signs were recorded at least once daily. Eventual signs of local skin irritation were documented and a score was used to grade a possible reddening of the ear skin. Furthermore, prior to the first application of the test item (day 1), on day 3 and before sacrifice (day 6) the ear thickness was determined using a micrometer (S0247 Kroeplin, 36381 Schlüchtern, Germany). Additionally, for both animals, the ears were punched after sacrifice (day 6) at the apical area using a biopsy punch (Stiefel, Ø 8 mm corresponding to 0.5 cm2) and were immediately pooled per animal and weighed using an analytical balance. Eventual ear irritation was considered to be excessive if reddening of the ear skin of a score value ≥3 was observed at any observation time and/or if an increase in ear thickness of ≥25% was recorded on day 3 or day 6. At the tested concentrations the animals did not show any signs of local skin irritation or systemic toxicity. Due to the colour of the test item, the presence of an erythema of the ear skin could not be reliably evaluated.
Thus, the test item in the main study was assayed at 5, 10, and 25% (w/v).

MAIN STUDY:

TOPICAL APPLICATION:
Each test group of mice was treated by topical (epidermal) application to the dorsal surface of each ear (left and right) with different test item concentrations of 5, 10, and 25% (w/v) in metyl ethyl ketone. The application volume, 25 µL was spread over the entire dorsal surface (~ 8 mm) of each ear once daily for three consecutive days. A futher group of mice was treated with an equivalent volume of the relevant vehicle alone (control animals).

ADMINISTRATION OF 3H-METHYL THYMIDINE AND DETERMINATION OF INCORPORATED 3H-METHYL THYMIDINE

Five days after the first topical application, all mice were intraveneously injected into a tail vein with radio-labelled thymidine (3HTdR). Approximately five hours after treatment with 3HTdR all mice were sacrificed and the draining lymph nodes were excised and pooled per group. Single cell suspensions of lymph node cells were prepared from pooled lymph nodes, which were subsequently washed with phosphate buffered saline and incubated with trichloroacetíc acid overnight. The proliferative capacity of pooled lymph node cells was determined by the incorporation of 3H-methyl thymidine measured in a scintillation counter.

INTERPRETATION OF RAW DATA

The proliferation response of lymph node cells is expressed as the number of radioactive disintegrations per minute per lymph node (DPM/node) and as the ratio of 3HTdR incorporated into lymph node cells of test lymph nodes relative to that recorded for control lymph nodes (stimulation index). Before DPM/node values were determined, mean scintillation-background DPM was subtracted from test and control raw data. A test item is regarded as a sensitiliser in the LLNA if the following criteria are fulfilled:
-First, that exposure to at least one concentration of the test item resulted in an incorporation of 3HTdR at least 3-fold or greater than that recorded in control mice, as indicated by the stimulation index.
-Second, that the data are compatible with a conventional dose response, although allowance must be made (especially at high topical concentrations) for either local toxicity or immunological suppression.

OBSERVATIONS

In addition to the sensitising reactions the following observations and data were recorded during the test and observation period:
Mortality / Viability: At least once daily from experimental start to necropsy.
Body weights: In the pre-test prior to the first application and prior to sacrifice. In the main experiment: prior to the first application and prior to treatment with 3HTdR.
Ear thickness: In the pre-test prior to the first application of the test item (day 1), on day 3 and before sacrifice (day 6).
Ear weights: In the pre-test and main test after sacrifice; biopsy punches were taken from each ear.
Clinical signs (local / systemic): Recorded at least once daily. Especially the treatment sites were observed carefully.

Positive control substance(s):

hexyl cinnamic aldehyde (CAS No 101-86-0)

Statistics:

The mean values and standard deviations were calculated in the body weight tables.

Results and discussion

Positive control results:

Experiment performed in August 2011 using concentrations of 5, 10, and 25 % alpha-hexyl cinnamic aldehyde in acetone:olive oil (4:1). These concentrations yielded S.I.´s of 1.35, 2.18, and 8.08, respectively.
The EC3 value calculated was 12.1 % (w/v).
The positive control substance alpha-hexyl cinnamic aldehyde was found to be a skin sensitizer under the described conditions, demonstrating the validity of the study.

In vivo (LLNA)

Results

Results 1

Parameter:

SI

Remarks on result:

other: 1.61, 2.02 and 0.96

Results 2

Parameter:

other: disintegrations per minute (DPM)

Remarks on result:

other: see depicted table below

Any other information on results incl. tables

Vehicle: methyl ethyl ketone

Test item concentration % (w/v)	Group	Measurement DPM	Calculation			Result
			DPM-BG^a)	number of lymph nodes	DPM per lymph node^b^)	S.I.
---	BG I	15	---	---	---	---
---	BG II	16	---	---	---	---
0	1	1143	1128	8	140.9	1.00
5	2	1831	1816	8	226.9	1.61
10	3	2298	2283	8	285.3	2.02
25	4	1096	1081	8	135.1	0.96

BG =  Background (1 mL 5% trichloroacetic acid) in duplicate

1    =  Control Group

2-4=  Test Group

S.I. =  Stimulation Index

^a)   =  The mean value was taken from the figures BG I and BG II

^b)    =  Since the lymph nodes of the animals of a dose group were pooled, DPM/node was determined by dividing the measured value by the number of lymph nodes pooled

The EC3 value could not be calculated, since all S.I.´s are below the threshold value of 3.

Viability / Mortality

No deaths occurred during the study period.

Clinical Signs

No symptoms of local toxicity at the ears of the animals and no systemic findings were observed during the study period.

 Body Weights

The body weight of the animals, recordedprior to the first application and prior to treatment with³HTdR, was within the range commonly recorded for animals of this strain and age.

Ear Weights

The measured ear weights of all animals treated were recorded after sacrifice. A statistically significant increase in ear weights was observed in the mid (10%) and high (25%) dose group in comparison to the values of the vehicle control group (p<0.05).

Animal No.	Group No.	Concentration % (w/v)	Ear Weights after Necropsy
			Ear Weight (two punches per animal, in mg)	Mean Ear Weight (mg per group)	SD*
1	1	Vehicle Control (methyl ethyl ketone)	23.48	22.5	1.1
2	1		21.91
3	1		21.33
4	1		23.46
5	2	5 % Nitro-C-Dion trocken (NMQD)	24.33	25.1	2.0
6	2		24.52
7	2		23.53
8	2		28.00
9	3	10 % Nitro-C-Dion trocken (NMQD)	25.81	25.9**	0.8
10	3		26.37
11	3		24.79
12	3		26.73
13	4	25 % Nitro-C-Dion trocken (NMQD)	29.79	26.5**	2.4
14	4		26.02
15	4		24.21
16	4		25.88

*SD= Standard Deviation

**statistically significant increase in comparison to control group

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Interpretation of results:

not sensitising

Remarks:

Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU

Conclusions:

The test item Nitro-C-Dion trocken (NMQD) was not a skin sensitiser under the test conditions of this study.

Executive summary:

In order to study a possible skin sensitising potential of Nitro-C-Dion trocken (NMQD), three groups each of four female mice were treated once daily with the test item at concentrations of 5, 10, and 25% (w/v) in methyl ethyl ketone by topical application to the dorsum of each ear for three consecutive days. The highest concentration tested was the highest concentration that could be used and applied whilst avoiding systemic toxicity and excessive local skin irritation as confirmed by a pre-experiment. A control group of four mice was treated with the vehicle (methyl ethyl ketone) only. Five days after the first topical application the mice were injected intravenously into a tail vein with radio-labelled thymidine (³H-methyl thymidine). Approximately five hours after intravenous injection, the mice were sacrificed, the draining auricular lymph nodes excised and pooled per group. Single cell suspensions of lymph node cells were prepared from pooled lymph nodes, which were subsequently washed and incubated with trichloroacetic acid overnight. The proliferative capacity of pooled lymph node cells was determined by the incorporation of³H-methyl thymidine measured in ab-scintillation counter.

All treated animals survived the scheduled study period and no signs of systemic toxicity or local skin irritation were observed.

The measured ear weights of all animals treated were recorded after sacrifice. A statistically significant increase in ear weights was observed in the mid (10%) and high (25%) dose group in comparison to the values of the vehicle control group (p<0.05).However, this was considered to be not biologically relevant, as the mean value of the groups was still below the mean value of historical ear weight control data for the relevant vehicle.

In this study Stimulation Indices (S.I.) of 1.61, 2.02 and 0.96 were determined with the test item at concentrations of 5, 10, and 25 % in methyl ethyl ketone, respectively. A dose response was not observed.

The EC3 value could not be calculated, since none of the tested concentrations induced a S.I. greater than the threshold value of 3.