Coupling reaction products of 3,3’-dichlorobiphenyl-4,4’-bis(diazonium) dichloride with N-(2,4-dialkylphenyl)-3-oxobutanamide and potassium 4-[(3-oxobutanoyl)amino]substituted benzene and their basic aluminium and earth alkali metal salts

Genetic toxicity: in vitro

Administrative data

Endpoint:

in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria

Remarks:

Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

07 December 2007-11 January 2008

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: The study has been performed according to OECD and EC guidelines and according to GLP principles.

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2008

Report date:

2008

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Test guideline 1

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)

Deviations:

no

Test guideline 2

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method B.13/14 (Mutagenicity - Reverse Mutation Test Using Bacteria)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Type of assay:

bacterial reverse mutation assay

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): S-500
- Physical state: yellow powder
- Lot/batch No.: MF1456-2345
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: 18 August 2011
- Storage condition of test material: At room temperature in the dark
- Stability under storage conditions: Stable

Method

Target gene:

Histidine gene in Salmonella typhimurium
Tryptophan gene in Escherichia coli

Species / strain

Species / strain 1

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100

Species / strain 2

Species / strain / cell type:

E. coli WP2 uvr A

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Metabolic activation system:

S9 (uninduced male Golden Syrian Hamster liver S9-mix)

Test concentrations with justification for top dose:

Dose range finding test: 3, 10, 33, 100, 333, 1000, 3330 and 5000 µg/plate, -/+ S9
Mutation assay: 3, 10, 33, 100, 333 µg/plate, -/+ S9

Vehicle / solvent:

- Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: DMSO
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: At concentrations of 0.1 mg/ml and higher S-500 was suspended in dimethyl sulfoxide. At a concentration of 0.03 mg/ml the test substance was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide.
The stock solution was treated with ultrasonic waves to obtain a homogeneous suspension.

Controls

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

DMSO

Positive controls:

yes

Remarks:

For the positive controls, please see below

Details on test system and experimental conditions:

METHOD OF APPLICATION: The preincubation method, according to Prival and Mitchell was used because this was especially suited to detect possible mutagenic activity of azo dyes.

DURATION
- Preincubation period: The following solutions were preincubated for 30 minutes by 70 rpm at 37°C, either 0.5 ml S9-mix (in case of activation assays) or 0.5 ml 0.1 M phosphate buffer (in case of non-activation assays), 0.1 ml of a fresh bacterial culture (10^9 cells/ml) of one of the tester strains, 0.1 ml of a dilution of the test substance in dimethyl sulfoxide. After the preincubation period the solutions were added to 3 ml molten top agar. The ingredients were mixed on a Vortex and the content of the top agar tube was poured onto a selective agar plate.
- Exposure duration: After solidification of the top agar, the plates were inverted and incubated in the dark at 37°C for 48 h.

NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS:
doses of the test substance were tested in triplicate in each strain. Two independent experiments were conducted.


DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: the reduction of the bacterial background lawn, the increase in the size of the microcolonies and the reduction of the revertant colonies were observed.


OTHER EXAMINATIONS:
- Other: precipitation of test substance.

Evaluation criteria:

A test substance is considered negative (not mutagenic) in the test if:
a) The total number of revertants in tester strain TA100 is not greater than two (2) times the concurrent control, and the total number of revertants in tester strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98 or WP2uvrA is not greater than three (3) times the concurrent control.
b) The negative response should be reproducible in at least one independently repeated experiment.

A test substance is considered positive (mutagenic) in the test if:
a) The total number of revertants in tester strain TA100 is greater than two (2) times the concurrent control, or the total number of revertants in tester strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98 or WP2uvrA is greater than three (3) times the concurrent control.
b) In case a positive response will be repeated, the positive response should be reproducible in at least one independently repeated experiment.

Results and discussion

Test results

Test results 1

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity, but tested up to precipitating concentrations

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 2

Species / strain:

E. coli WP2 uvr A

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity, but tested up to precipitating concentrations

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Additional information on results:

TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
- Precipitation: S-500 precipitated on the plates at dose levels of 333 μg/plate and upwards.

RANGE-FINDING/SCREENING STUDIES: The bacterial background lawn was not reduced at any of the concentrations tested and no biologically relevant decrease in the number of revertants was observed. Results of this dose range finding test were reported as part of the first experiment of the mutation assay.

COMPARISON WITH HISTORICAL CONTROL DATA:
The metabolism by hamster S9 was checked with the positive control substance; Congo red (CR). The mean plate count was 24-fold the concurrent vehicle control group. It was therefore concluded that the metabolic activation system of the hamster S9 functioned properly.

The negative and strain-specific positive control values were within our laboratory historical control data ranges indicating that the test conditions were adequate and that the metabolic activation system functioned properly.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative

Based on the results of this study it is concluded that S-500 is not mutagenic in the Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay and in the Escherichia coli reverse mutation assay.