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EC number: 910-404-7 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Neurotoxicity
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- neurotoxicity
- Remarks:
- acute
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Well-documented paper to be considered as supplementary information on the mechanism of sulfide toxicity
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Sulfide toxicity: mechanical ventilation and hypotension determine survival rate and brain necrosis.
- Author:
- Baldelli, R.J.
- Year:
- 1 993
- Bibliographic source:
- J. Appl. Physiol. 75, 1348-1353
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Ventilated and unventilated rats were studied to allow administration of higher doses of sulfide and to facilitate physiological monitoring. Single doses (80-200 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneal. After one week the animals' brains were removed and processed histologically.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 1313-84-4
- Cas Number:
- 1313-84-4
- IUPAC Name:
- 1313-84-4
- Reference substance name:
- Disodium sulphide
- EC Number:
- 215-211-5
- EC Name:
- Disodium sulphide
- Cas Number:
- 1313-82-2
- Molecular formula:
- Na2S
- IUPAC Name:
- disodium sulfide
- Reference substance name:
- disodium sulfide nonahydrate
- IUPAC Name:
- disodium sulfide nonahydrate
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): sulfide
- Molecular formula (if other than submission substance): Na2S*9H2O
- Molecular weight (if other than submission substance): 240.18 g7mol
- Substance type: technical product
- Physical state: solid
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Constituent 3
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Wistar
- Sex:
- male
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- intraperitoneal
- Vehicle:
- physiological saline
- Details on exposure:
- The stock solution was prepared from Na2S*9H2O dissolved in 0.9 % NaCl.
- Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- not specified
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- Single administration, observation period of 1 week
- Frequency of treatment:
- Once
Doses / concentrationsopen allclose all
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
84, 96, 100, 108, 120 and 200 mg/kg bw (unventilated groups)
Basis:
nominal conc.
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
120, 150, and 200 mg/kg bw (ventilated groups)
Basis:
nominal conc.
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- Unventilated groups: 32 animals (total)
Ventilated groups: 14 animals (total) - Control animals:
- not specified
Examinations
- Observations and clinical examinations performed and frequency:
- Survivors were observed for 1 week after treatment.
- Sacrifice and (histo)pathology:
- After one week the animals' brains were removed and processed for histological examination.
Results and discussion
Results of examinations
- Details on results:
- CLINICAL SIGNS AND MORTALITY
Unventilated group:
- NaS2 was lethal in 24 of 32 animals. Mean time to death was 5:50 +/- 0:23 min.
- All 11 animals receiving >120 mg/kg died in less than 10 min of neurogenic apnea.
- 7 out of 10 died at 120 mg/kg. 3 out of 3 died at 108 mg/kg, 1 out of 2 died at 100 mg/kg, 2 out of 5 at 96 mg/kg and 1 of 1 at 84 mg/kg.
- The clinical effects of increasing doses of NaS2 progressed through 4 levels in the following sequence: 1) behavioural effects, 2) convulsions, 3) loss of consciousness, 4) death (<10 min) due to cardiorespiratory inhibition and asphyxiation.
- Pulmonary congestion and oedema was seen in all animals.
- One unventilated rat at 120 mg/kg showed neural necrosis in the cerebral cortex.
NEUROTOXICITY
- Only 1 of 8 surviving unventilated rats given high-doses of sulfide (a dose that was lethal in > 50% of animals) showed cerebral necrosis.
- Mechanical ventilation shifted the dose that was lethal in 50% of the animals to 190 mg/kg bw from 94 mg/kg bw in the unventilated rats.
- Cerebral necrosis was absent in the ventilated rats. Sulfide was found to potently depress blood pressure in ventilated animals.
Effect levels
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Basis for effect level:
- other: The authors concluded that very-high-dose sulfide is incapable of producing cerebral necrosis by a direct histotoxic effect.
- Remarks on result:
- not determinable
- Remarks:
- no NOAEL identified
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- No NOEAL could be derived from this study. The authors concluded that very-high-dose sulfide is incapable of producing cerebral necrosis by a direct histotoxic effect.
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