Chloroacetic acid

Short-term toxicity to fish

Administrative data

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

29 Aug - 2 Sep 2005

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP - Guideline study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2005

Report date:

2005

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: Circular on Test Methods of New Chemical Substances (Japan), fish acute toxicity test

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Chloroacetic acid

EC Number:

201-178-4

EC Name:

Chloroacetic acid

Cas Number:

79-11-8

Molecular formula:

C2H3ClO2

IUPAC Name:

chloroacetic acid

Test material form:

solid: crystalline

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Chloroacetic acid
- Physical state: non colored crystalline
- Analytical purity: 100%
_ Vapour pressure: 1 hPa at 20°C
-Water solubility: 45% at 20 °C
- Lot/batch No.: 610C2140
- Stability under test conditions: stable, verified by IR.
- Storage condition of test material: in the cool and dark

Sampling and analysis

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

- Concentrations: 0, 20, 30, 45, 67, and 100 mg/L, dilution factor: 1.5
- Sampling method: test water was sampled at the study initiation, 24 hours before water change, 48 hours after water change and 72 hours before water exchange.

Test solutions

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: The stock solution was prepared by dissolving 500 mg test substance in dilution water. The nominal concentration of the stock solution was 100 mg/l. Following this, appropriate volumes of the stirring stock solution were added respectively into the test vessels containing 5 Liter test dilution water to obtain the desired test concentrations, no vehicle was applied.

Test organisms

Test organisms (species):

Oryzias latipes

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Medaka (Japanes rice fish)
- Strain: Oryzias latipes
- Source: Amishima Fishing, Yokohama, Japan
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): ca 6 months.
- Length at study initiation (length definition, mean, range and SD): 2.33 cm (2.12 - 2.52 cm), n=10
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 0.068 g (0.054 - 0.079 g), n=10
- Feeding during test: no food

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 7 days
- Type and amount of food: Tetramine, 2% of body weight
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): Mortality of 7 days before exposure was <5%.

Study design

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Test conditions

Hardness:

55 mg/L (as CaCO3)

Test temperature:

23.7 - 24.0 °C, measured every 24 hours at the change of test solutions

pH:

3.2 - 7.5, measured every 24 hours at the change of test solutions

Dissolved oxygen:

6.4 - 8.3 mg/L, measured every 24 hours at the change of test solutions

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal concentration: 0, 20, 30, 45, 67, 100 mg/L
Measured concentration (TWA): 0, 19.2, 29.8, 43.5, 65.1, 99.1 mg/L

Recovery of test substance is > 80%

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: glass vessel
- Type (delete if not applicable): close, covered with teflon film
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: Glass, 5.0 L
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): every 24 hours
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 1
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 1


TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: tap water in Yokohama-city was treated with active charcoal to remove residual chlorine and aerated.
- Alkalinity: 44 mg/L
- Ca/mg ratio: 14/4.2
- Culture medium different from test medium: same medium
- Intervals of water quality measurement: every 6 months

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 16 hours in light/8 hours in dark
- Light intensity: < 1000 lux

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
LC50, highest concentration in 0% mortality, lowest concentration in 100% mortality

TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Range finding study: performed
- Test concentrations: 10, 30, 100 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: In 10 mg/L, 0% mortality after 96 hours and no toxicological effect was observed. In 30 mg/L, mortality after 96 hours was 0% but toxicological effect was observed. In 100 mg/L, mortality after 96 hours was 100%.

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Results and discussion

Effect concentrations

Effect concentrations 1

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

71.7 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (TWA)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Remarks:

without pH adjustment

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: 43.5 - 99.1 mg/L

Effect concentrations 2

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC0

Effect conc.:

43.5 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (TWA)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Remarks:

without pH adjustment

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Effect concentrations 3

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC100

Effect conc.:

99.1 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (TWA)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Remarks:

without pH adjustment

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Effect concentrations 4

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

72.5 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (TWA)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Remarks:

with pH adjustment

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: 44.1 - 98.9 mg/L

Effect concentrations 5

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC0

Effect conc.:

44.1 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (TWA)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Remarks:

with pH adjustment

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Effect concentrations 6

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC100

Effect conc.:

98.9 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (TWA)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Remarks:

with pH adjustment

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Details on results:

- Behavioural abnormalities: No abnormalities were observed in 0, 20, 30 and 45 mg/L. In 67 mg/L, one animal showed paralyzation and dead, thereafter. In 100 mg/L, all animals were dead after 24 hours.
- Mortality of control: 0%
- Other adverse effects control: No adverse effects
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: Test water was always colorless during test in all concentrations.

Reported statistics and error estimates:

Either Probit test, moving average test or binomial test was applied for LC 50.

Any other information on results incl. tables

Sublethal observations / clinical signs:

There was no significant effect of pH change on the toxiicty to fish observed.