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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 305-748-4 | CAS number: 95009-22-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Skin irritation / corrosion
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation / corrosion
- Remarks:
- other: Ex vivo
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 3 (not reliable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: No information on GLP status.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 008
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline available
- Deviations:
- not applicable
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Human skin explants (obtained from Caucasion women aged 39-68 years – 3 donors) were exposed topically in culture to 1.5% of the test substance blended with cocoa butter or with cocoa butter alone on days 0, 1, 2, 5, 7 and 9, with sampling on days 5 and 12.(preliminary experiment). Second experiment to determine effective dose: cocoa polyphenol/cocoa butter blend with cocoa polyphenol concentrations of 0.125%, 0.25%, 0.50%. 0.75%, and 1.0%, dosed on days 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10, with sampling on days 6 and 11. The explants were processed histologically. By immunostaining (antibodies with a biotin/streptavidin enhancement system) collagen type I, III, and IV as well as glycosaminoglycan were tagged. Intensity and area of the staining were recorded by image analysis.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Polyphenolic fraction of cocoa powder commercially available at Barry Callebaut, Zurich, Switzerland under trade name “Acticoa”. 45% polyphenol content, 5.17% epicatechin, 0.75% catechin
- IUPAC Name:
- Polyphenolic fraction of cocoa powder commercially available at Barry Callebaut, Zurich, Switzerland under trade name “Acticoa”. 45% polyphenol content, 5.17% epicatechin, 0.75% catechin
- Test material form:
- solid: compact
- Details on test material:
- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Acticoa (cocoa polyphenol extract).
- Molecular formula (if other than submission substance): Not applicable
- Molecular weight (if other than submission substance): Not applicable
- Smiles notation (if other than submission substance): Not applicable
- InChl (if other than submission substance): Not applicable
- Structural formula attached as image file (if other than submission substance): Not applicable
- Substance type:
- Physical state: solid
- Analytical purity: Not applicable
- Impurities (identity and concentrations): no data
- Composition of test material, percentage of components: see Identity
- Isomers composition: Not applicable
- Purity test date: Not applicable
- Lot/batch No.: no data
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: no data
- Stability under test conditions: no data
- Storage condition of test material: no data
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- other: Human, Female, Caucasian donors of the skin explants
Test system
- Type of coverage:
- open
- Vehicle:
- other: Cocoa butter
- Controls:
- other: Yes: untreated, carrier (cocoa butter) only,
- Amount / concentration applied:
- 2mg/day, 0.50 and 0.75% in cocoa butter
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 10days
- Observation period:
- 12 days (preliminary study), 11 days (dose effect study)
- Number of animals:
- 3 explants per dose group
Results and discussion
In vivo
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- Results
GAGs Collagen I Collagen III Collagen IV
Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD
Untreated control 15.5 6.7 20.7 8.0 31.7 13.8 20.1 6.4
CPP (0.75%) 46.3 8.2 41.2 10.4 38.9 5.3 29.5 7.6
CPP (0.50%) 38.1 2.9 28.4 9.5 50.9 7.8 32.0 4.1
Estee Lauder* 47.5 5.2 17.0 2.5 54.3 11.3 42.2 10.4
CPP = cocoa polyphenols
GAGs = Glycosaminoglycans
(* Commercial “anti-aging” skin care product)
Any other information on results incl. tables
Results
GAGs Collagen I Collagen III Collagen IV
Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD
Untreated control 15.5 6.7 20.7 8.0 31.7 13.8 20.1 6.4
CPP (0.75%) 46.3 8.2 41.2 10.4 38.9 5.3 29.5 7.6
CPP (0.50%) 38.1 2.9 28.4 9.5 50.9 7.8 32.0 4.1
Estee Lauder* 47.5 5.2 17.0 2.5 54.3 11.3 42.2 10.4
CPP = cocoa polyphenols
GAGs = Glycosaminoglycans
(* Commercial “anti-aging” skin care product)
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- other: In the preliminary qualitative study, small increases in epidermal thickness and collagen density were observed after 5 days of treatement. After 12 days, marked increases were seen in all collagen types; GAGs were also increased slightly.
- Remarks:
- Criteria used for interpretation of results: expert judgment
- Conclusions:
- The polyphenolic fraction of cocoa powder induces an increase in glycosamines and collagens. These are skin components that are indicative for skin elasticity and tonus. No negative influences on the skin explants were observed, in fact, the cocoa polyphenols exhibited a positive effect on skin structure when examined microscopically.
- Executive summary:
Cocoa polyphenols exhibited a positive effect on skin structure when applied for at least 5 days. Cocoa butter also had a positive effect, but with evidence of action only observed after 12 days of treatment. CP doses of0.50% and 0.75% (in cocoa butter) were associated with improvements in ex vivo parameters associated with skin tonus and elasticity. At 0.5% and 0.75% CP, influence on GAGs and collagen expression was comparable with a commercially available “anti-aging” skin preparation.
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