Hydrocarbons, C10-C13, n-alkanes, isoalkanes,

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Skin Irritation

Not irritating to the skin

Ocular Irritation

Not irritating to eyes

Respiratory Irritation

No studies were located to indicate that Hydrocarbons, C10-C13, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, <2% aromatics is a respiratory irritant.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Skin irritation / corrosion

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

skin irritation: in vitro / ex vivo

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

21-Jul-2014 to 28-Jul-2014

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Remarks:

The study has been performed according to OECD and/or EC guidelines and according to GLP principles.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method B.46 (In Vitro Skin Irritation: Reconstructed Human Epidermis Model Test)

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 439 (In Vitro Skin Irritation: Reconstructed Human Epidermis Test Method)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Amount / concentration applied:

TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 25 µl

NEGATIVE CONTOL:
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 10 µl Phosphate buffered saline

POSITIVE CONTROL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 10 µl
- Concentration (if solution): 5% (aq) Sodium dodecyl sulphate

Duration of treatment / exposure:

Exposure:15 minutes
Post incubation period: 42 hours

Details on study design:

TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: human epidermis model
- % coverage: 0.38 cm2

REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): phosphate buffered saline
- Time after start of exposure: 15 minutes

POST INCUBATION PERIOD
- 42 hours

SCORING SYSTEM:
- After a 42 hour incubation period, determination of the cytotoxic (irritancy) effect was performed. Cytotoxicity is expressed as the reduction of mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity measured by formazan production from MTT at the end of the treatment. Cell viability was calculated for each tissue as a percentage of the mean of the negative control tissues.

Irritation / corrosion parameter:

% tissue viability

Run / experiment:

Time point: 15 minutes

Value:

67

Vehicle controls validity:

not applicable

Negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Remarks on result:

no indication of irritation

Interpretation of results:

GHS criteria not met

Remarks:

Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU

Conclusions:

An in vitro skin irritation study was conducted with Hydrocarbons, C10-C13, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, <2% aromatics (GS190) in accordance with OECD Test Guideline 439 and in compliance with GLP. The in vitro assay did not indicate any skin irritation potential.

Executive summary:

Skin irritation is expressed as the remaining cell viability after exposure to the test substance. The relative mean tissue viability obtained after 15 minutes treatment with the test substance compared to the negative control tissues was 67%. Since the mean relative tissue viability for Hydrocarbons, C10-C13, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, <2% aromatics was above 50% after 15 minutes treatment the test substance is considered to be non-irritant.

 

The positive control had a mean cell viability of 21% after 15 minutes exposure. The absolute mean OD₅₇₀(optical density at 570 nm) of the negative control tissues was slightly below laboratory historical control data range. The standard deviation value of the percentage viability of three tissues treated identically was less than 15%, indicating that the test system functioned properly.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

skin irritation: in vivo

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

1989-12-13 to 1990-02-05

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Acceptable, well-documented study report equivalent or similar to OECD guideline 404: GLP

Justification for type of information:

A discussion and report on the read across strategy is given as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across: supporting information

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

six test animals

GLP compliance:

yes

Species:

rabbit

Strain:

New Zealand White

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Hazleton Research Products, Denver, PA
- Age at study initiation: ca. 15 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: ca 2.0-3.0 kg
- Housing: individual
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): restricted diet based on the recommendation of the supplier
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 37 days


ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°F): 65-70
- Humidity (%): 40-60
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12

Type of coverage:

semiocclusive

Preparation of test site:

shaved

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Controls:

not required

Amount / concentration applied:

TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 0.5ml

Duration of treatment / exposure:

ca. 4 hours

Observation period:

Dermal responses were evaluated approximately 45 minutes, 24, 48 and 72 hours following patch removal, and on Day 7.

Body weights were recorded on the day of dosing.

Number of animals:

6

Details on study design:

TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: back
- Type of wrap if used: gauze patch which was secured with tape, patch was loosely held in contact with the skin by means of semi-occlusive dressing


REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): residual test material was removed using reverse osmosis water and paper towels.
- Time after start of exposure: 4h


SCORING SYSTEM: Draize

Irritation parameter:

erythema score

Basis:

mean

Time point:

24/48/72 h

Score:

ca. 1.56

Irritation parameter:

edema score

Basis:

mean

Time point:

24/48/72 h

Score:

0

Interpretation of results:

other: Not irritating

Remarks:

Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU

Conclusions:

The mean erythema and edema scores for the test material were 1.56 and 0 respectively. Classification as a dermal irritant is not warranted under the new Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 on classification, labeling and packaging of substances and mixtures (CLP) or under Directive 67/518/EEC for dangerous substances and Directive 1999/45/EC for preparations.

Executive summary:

MRD-89-520 was administered  via semi-occlusive patch for four hours to six male rabbits to assess dermal irritation.  Dermal responses were evaluated at 1, 24, 48, and 72h post-dosing and on Day 7 according to the Draize method of scoring. Dermal responses were observed in all animals.  At the 45 minute, 48 hour and 72 hour observations, three animals displayed well-defined erythema and three displayed very slight erythema.  Four animals were noted with well-defined erythema and two were noted with very slight erythema at the 24 hour observations.  At study termination (Day 7), four animals showed very slight erythema   No other dermal observations were noted during the study.  The mean erythema and edema scores for MRD-89-520 were 1.56 and 0 respectively.  Classification as a dermal irritant is not warranted under the new Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 on classification, labeling and packaging of substances and mixtures (CLP) or under Directive 67/518/EEC for dangerous substances and Directive 1999/45/EC for preparations.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed (not irritating)

Eye irritation

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

eye irritation: in vitro / ex vivo

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

15-Jul-2014

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 437 (Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Test Method for Identifying Ocular Corrosives and Severe Irritants)

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU method B.47 (Bovine corneal opacity and permeability test method for identifying ocular corrosives and severe irritants)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Amount / concentration applied:

TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 750 µl per cornea

NEGATIVE CONTROL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 750 µl of physiological saline per cornea

POSITIVE CONTROL
Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 750 µl per cornea
Concentration (if solution): 10% (w/v) Benzalkonium Chloride

Duration of treatment / exposure:

10 minutes

Details on study design:

TEST SITE
- Isolated bovine cornea

REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): yes
- Time after start of exposure: 15 minutes

SCORING SYSTEM:
- After exposure the cornea was thoroughly rinsed to remove the test substance and incubated for 2 hours with fresh medium followed by opacity measurement and the permeability of the corneas was determined after a 90 minutes incubation period with sodium fluorescein.

- The mean opacity and mean permeability values (OD490) were used for each treatment group to calculate an in vitro score:

In vitro irritancy score (IVIS) = mean opacity value + (15 x mean OD490 value).


TOOL USED TO ASSESS SCORE:
- opacitymeter and microplate reader

DATA EVALUATION:
In vitro score range UN GHS
≤ 3 No Category
> 3; ≤ 55 No prediction can be made
>55 Category 1

Irritation parameter:

in vitro irritation score

Run / experiment:

Time point: 10 minutes

Value:

-0.5

Vehicle controls validity:

not applicable

Negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Remarks on result:

no indication of irritation

Interpretation of results:

GHS criteria not met

Remarks:

Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU

Conclusions:

An in vitro eye irritation study was conducted with Hydrocarbons, C10-C13, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, <2% aromatics (GS190), in accordance with OECD test guideline 437 and in compliance with GLP. The BCOP test did not indicate an irritancy potential based on either the opacity or permeability endpoints.

Executive summary:

The negative control responses of the opacity and permeability values were less than the upper limits of the laboratory historical range indicating that the negative control did not induce irritancy on the corneas.The mean in vitro irritancy score of the positive control (10% (w/v) Benzalkonium Chloride) was 139 and within the historical positive control data range. It was therefore concluded that the test conditions were adequate and that the test system functioned properly.

Hydrocarbons, C10-C13, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, <2% aromatics did not induce ocular irritation through both endpoints, resulting in a mean in vitro irritancy score of -0.5 after 10 minutes of treatment.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

eye irritation: in vivo

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

1991

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Acceptable, well-documented study report equivalent or similar to OECD guideline 405: GLP.

Justification for type of information:

A discussion and report on the read across strategy is given as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across: supporting information

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion)

GLP compliance:

yes

Species:

rabbit

Strain:

New Zealand White

Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Hazleton Research Products
- Age at study initiation: ca. 12 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: 2.14-2.49 kg
- Housing: individually
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Agway restricted feeding regimen
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 8 days


ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°F): 65-70
- Humidity (%): 40-60%
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12


IN-LIFE DATES: From: 1991-05-09 To: 1997-05-21

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Controls:

other: untreated eye of each animal served as the control

Amount / concentration applied:

TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 0.1ml

Duration of treatment / exposure:

The test material was instilled into the lower conjunctival sac of the right eye of each animal. The upper and lower lids were gently held together for approximately 1 second to prevent loss of the material. The treated eyes remained unwashed.

Observation period (in vivo):

Animals were observed for viability twice daily on Monday-Friday, and once daily on Saturday and Sunday. Observations of signs of ocular irritation were made 1, 24, 48, and 72 hours post-instillation and on Day 7.

Number of animals or in vitro replicates:

six males

Details on study design:

SCORING SYSTEM: Draize

TOOL USED TO ASSESS SCORE: 2% sodium fluorescein dye under UV light

Irritation parameter:

chemosis score

Basis:

mean

Time point:

24/48/72 h

Score:

0

Remarks on result:

other: average of six animals

Irritation parameter:

conjunctivae score

Basis:

mean

Time point:

24/48/72 h

Score:

0

Remarks on result:

other: average of six animals

Irritation parameter:

iris score

Basis:

mean

Time point:

24/48/72 h

Score:

0

Remarks on result:

other: average of six animals

Irritation parameter:

cornea opacity score

Basis:

mean

Time point:

24/48/72 h

Score:

0

Remarks on result:

other: average of six animals

Interpretation of results:

other: Not irritating

Remarks:

Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU

Conclusions:

The mean corneal opacity, iris lesion, conjunctivae redness, and chemosis scores for MRD-91-972 were all 0. Classification as an ocular irritant is not warranted under the new Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 on classification, labeling and packaging of substances and mixtures (CLP) or under Directive 67/518/EEC for dangerous substances and Directive 1999/45/EC for preparations.

Executive summary:

MRD-91-972 was administered to the right eye of six male rabbits to assess for ocular irritation. Ocular examinations occurred at 1h, 24h, 48h, 72h, and day 7 post instillation. Ocular damage was assessed and scored according to the Draize eye test. All animals survived the exposure. Ocular instillation of the test material elicited conjunctival irritation limited to redness noted in five of the six test animals at the 1 hour observation.  No other signs of ocular irritation were noted during the study.  The mean corneal opacity, iris lesion, conjunctivae redness, and chemosis scores for MRD-91-972 were 0, 0, 0, and 0 respectively. Classification as an ocular irritant is not warranted under the new Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 on classification, labeling and packaging of substances and mixtures (CLP) or under Directive 67/518/EEC for dangerous substances and Directive 1999/45/EC for preparations.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed (not irritating)

Respiratory irritation

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Additional information

There is in vitro data available for Hydrocarbons, C10-C13, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, <2% aromatics. Additionally, in vivo data is available for structural analogues, Hydrocarbons, C9-C11, isoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics, Hydrocarbons, C14-C19, isoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics, and isohexadecane. This data is read across to based on analogue read across and a discussion and report on the read across strategy is provided as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13.

Skin Irritation

Hydrocarbons, C10-C13, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, <2% aromatics

Hydrocarbons, C10-C13, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, <2% aromatics has been tested in an in vitro assay conducted according to OECD TG 439 and in compliance with GLP (Shell, 2014). The test substance was applied to a human three dimensional epidermal model, EPISKIN-SMTM, for 15 minutes. The positive control had mean relative skin viability (the measure of irritancy) of 21%, and an optical density at 570 nm slightly below the historical control data range. The mean relative skin viability of the test substance was 67%, so it was concluded that the test substance is non irritant under the conditions of this test.

Hydrocarbons, C9-C11, isoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics

In a key skin irritation study (ExxonMobil, 1990), the test material, was administered via semi-occlusive patch for four hours to six male rabbits to assess dermal irritation. Dermal responses were evaluated at 1, 24, 48, and 72h post-dosing and on Day 7 according to the Draize method of scoring. Dermal responses were observed in all animals. At the 45 minute, 48 hour and 72 hour observations, three animals displayed well-defined erythema and three displayed very slight erythema. Four animals were noted with well-defined erythema and two were noted with very slight erythema at the 24 hour observations. At study termination (Day 7), four animals showed very slight erythema   No other dermal observations were noted during the study. The mean erythema and edema scores for MRD-89-520 were 1.56 and 0 respectively. Classification as a dermal irritant is not warranted under the new Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 on classification, labeling and packaging of substances and mixtures (CLP).

Hydrocarbons, C14-C19, isoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics

In a supporting study (ExxonMobil, 1995), conducted according to OECD guideline N°404, six young adult male New Zealand White rabbits were dermally exposed to 0.5 mL of the test material. Test sites were covered with a semi-occlusive dressing for 4 hours. The skin reactions were assessed at 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours after removal of the dressing. The mean score was calculated across 3 scoring times for all animals at 24, 48 and 72 hours after patch removal. The mean scores over 24, 48 and 72 hours were 0.0 for erythema and for oedema. Based on the criteria provided under CLP Regulation 1272/2008, the test material is not considered as irritating to the rabbit skin.

Isohexadecane

In a supporting study (Hill Top Research, Inc., 1994), a clinical test including 15 human volunteers was conducted and isohexadecane applied undiluted on upper arm in occlusive conditions (patch) for 24 h. Skin reactions were scored 30 min and 24 h after removal of the patch. Mild signs of irritation were observed in only 3 volunteers and only slight signs of irritation in 8 volunteers in worse conditions (24-h exposure, occlusive conditions), leading to the conclusion that isohexadecane is not an irritant for the human skin.

In another supporting study (INEOS, 1980), the skin irritating properties of isohexadecane was assessed in White Vienna rabbits (3 animals of both sexes). The test substance was applied on a wipe put in contact with the shaved skin under semi-occlusive dressing for 24 hours. At the end of exposure, skin reactions were recorded both at 24 hours (patch removal) and 48 hours after the end of exposure (i.e. 72 -hour time observation) according to the Draize scale. Complete observation time was 14 days. Moreover, the behavior, general state and food consumption were also observed. Body weight was measured every day. There was a very slight erythema (score 1) in two rabbits at patch removal (observation time = 24h). At the 72-hour observation, no erythema was observed in all 6 animals. No oedema was noted in any animal at any observation time. No systemic effect was observed following exposure to isohexadecane. Behavior, general state, fur, food consumption and body weight development were normal. Under these test conditions, the substance was not classified as a skin irritant according to CLP Regulation 1272/2008.

 

Ocular Irritation

Hydrocarbons, C10-C13, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, <2% aromatics

Hydrocarbons, C10-C13, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, <2% aromatics has been tested in a bovine corneal opacity in vitro assay (BCOP test) conducted according to OECD TG 437 and in compliance with GLP (Shell, 2014). The endpoints assessed in this assay are opacity and permeability; negative and positive controls gave expected results. The test substance did not induce ocular irritation as assessed by both endpoints.

Hydrocarbons, C9-C11, isoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics

In a key ocular irritation study (ExxonMobil, 1991), the test material was administered to the right eye of six male rabbits to assess for ocular irritation. Ocular examinations occurred at 1h, 24h, 48h, 72h, and day 7 post instillation. Ocular damage was assessed and scored according to the Draize eye test. All animals survived the exposure. Ocular instillation of the test material elicited conjunctival irritation limited to redness noted in five of the six test animals at the 1 hour observation. No other signs of ocular irritation were noted during the study. The mean corneal opacity, iris lesion, conjunctivae redness, and chemosis scores for the test material were 0, 0, 0, and 0 respectively. Classification as an ocular irritant is not warranted under the new Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 on classification, labeling and packaging of substances and mixtures (CLP).

Isohexadecane

In a supporting study (INEOS, 1980), the irritant potential of the substance isohexadecane was assessed by applying 0.1 mL of the test substance in the conjunctival sac of the left eye of 6 male Himalayan rabbits. After application the animals lid were kept closed for 1 second. The right eye was used as control and received 0.1 mL of physiological NaCl solution. The eyes were examined and the changes were graded according to a numerical scale at 15 min, 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours after dosing. No conjunctival chemosis, corneal and iridial lesion were observed throughout the observation period. Slight redness of the conjunctivae was observed in all animals at 1 hour but only in one animal by the 24 hours after instillation. At 48-hour observation period, no redness was observed in any rabbit. Hence, the mean individual score for redness was 0.33-0.0-0.0. Isohexadecane is not classified as eye irritant according to CLP Regulation 1272/2008.

Respiratory Irritation

No studies were located to indicate that Hydrocarbons, C10-C14 (even numbered), n-alkanes, isoalkanes, <2% aromatics is a respiratory irritant.

Justification for classification or non-classification

Skin Irritation:

Based on available in vitro substance specific and in vivo read across data, Hydrocarbons, C10-C13, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, <2% aromatics does not meet the criteria for classification for skin Irritation under the new Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 on classification, labeling and packaging of substances and mixtures (CLP).

 

Ocular Irritation:

Based on available in vitro subtance specific and in vivo read across data, Hydrocarbons, C10-C13, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, <2% aromatics does not meet the criteria for classification as ocular irritants under the new Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 on classification, labeling and packaging of substances and mixtures (CLP).

Respiratory Irritation:

There are no studies that warrant classification as a respiratory irritant under the new Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 on classification, labeling and packaging of substances and mixtures (CLP).