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EC number: 236-144-8 | CAS number: 13189-00-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Repeated dose toxicity: oral
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- sub-chronic toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1981
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment.
Cross-referenceopen allclose all
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 981
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 408 (Repeated Dose 90-Day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Ophthalmological and neurobehavioral examination not performed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Not applicable
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Zinc sulphate
- EC Number:
- 231-793-3
- EC Name:
- Zinc sulphate
- Cas Number:
- 7733-02-0
- IUPAC Name:
- zinc sulfate
- Test material form:
- not specified
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Zinc sulfate heptahydrate
- Substance type: Pure active substance
- Physical state: Crystal
- Analytical purity: 99.9 %
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- mouse
- Strain:
- ICR
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Shizuoka Agriculture Cooperative Association for Laboratory Animals
- Age at arrival: 4 weeks
- Fasting period before study: No data
- Housing: Animals were housed at 4/sex/cage in stainless cages with a wire-meshed bottom
- Diet: Pulverized chows MF (Oriental Yeast Co.), ad libitum, mixed with test material
- Water: Ad libitum
- Acclimation period: One week
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature: 24±1 °C
- Humidity: 55 ± 5 %
- Air changes (per hr): No data
- Photoperiod: 10 h dark/14 h light cycle
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: feed
- Vehicle:
- other: Mixed with basic feed
- Details on oral exposure:
- DIET PREPARATION
- Rate of preparation of diet (frequency): No data
- Mixing appropriate amounts with (Type of food): Pulverized chows MF
- Storage temperature of food: No data - Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- no
- Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- Not applicable
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 13 weeks
- Frequency of treatment:
- Daily
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
0, 300, 3000, 30000 ppm
Basis:
nominal in diet
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 12
- Control animals:
- yes, plain diet
- Details on study design:
- The animals were divided into four groups, each of which included 12 animals of each sex and fed on diet containing Zinc sulfate heptahydrate at four different concentration levels 0, 300, 3000 and 30000 ppm, for 13 weeks.
- Positive control:
- None
Examinations
- Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
- DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: Daily
BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: Weekly
FOOD CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if feeding study):
- Time schedule for examinations: Twice weekly
- Food consumption for each animal determined and mean daily diet consumption calculated as g food/kg body weight/day: Yes
- Compound intake calculated as time-weighted averages from the consumption and body weight gain data: Yes
FOOD EFFICIENCY:
- Body weight gain in kg/food consumption in kg per unit time X 100 calculated as time-weighted averages from the consumption and body weight gain data: Yes
WATER CONSUMPTION: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: Twice weekly
OPHTHALMOSCOPIC EXAMINATION: No
HAEMATOLOGY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: No data
- Anaesthetic used for blood collection: Yes (under light ether anaesthesia)
- Animals fasted: No data
- How many animals: Male: 12, 10, 11 and 8 animals in control, low, mid and high dose groups, respectively; Female: 12, 12, 12 and 11 animals in control, low, mid and high dose groups, respectively
- Parameters checked: Erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, leukocyte count and differential count of leukocyte (%)
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: No data
- Animals fasted: No data
- How many animals: Male: 12, 10, 10 and 8 animals in control, low, mid and high dose groups, respectively; Female: 11, 12, 12 and 10 animals in control, low, mid and high dose groups, respectively
- Parameters checked: Total plasma protein, alkaline phosphatase, glucose, urea nitrogen, SGOT, SGPT, cholesterol and calcium. - Sacrifice and pathology:
- GROSS PATHOLOGY: Yes
After necropsy at the termination of the study the following organs were weighed: Brain, pituitary, thyroid, heart, thymus, liver, kidney, spleen, adrenals, gonads (testes or ovaries), and muscles (triceps surae).
HISTOPATHOLOGY: Yes
- For histopathology following organs and tissues were collected: Brain, pituitary, thyroid, heart, thymus, liver, kidney, spleen, adrenals, gonads (testes or ovaries), and muscles (triceps surae), submaxillary glands, lungs, mesentery lymph nodes, pancreas, stomach, small and large intestine, accessory genital organs, bone and bone marrow (sternum and femur), and lesions of gross abnormalities.
- 3 or 4 µm paraffin sections from the specimens were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, periodic acid Schiff's reaction and azan for microscopic observations. - Other examinations:
- None
- Statistics:
- Student's t-test was used to estimate the statistical differences between controls and treated groups.
Results and discussion
Results of examinations
- Clinical signs:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Mortality:
- mortality observed, treatment-related
- Body weight and weight changes:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Food efficiency:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Ophthalmological findings:
- not examined
- Haematological findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Urinalysis findings:
- not examined
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- not examined
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Gross pathological findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
- not specified
- Details on results:
- CLINICAL SIGNS AND MORTALITY:
- At 30000 ppm: Depressed spontaneous motility before death or sacrifice. Four males and one female in this group were found dead or killed in extremis during the study. Histological findings of these animals revealed impairment of the urinary tract and regressive changes in the exocrine gland of the pancreas. Mortality was 33.3 % in males and 8.3 % in females.
- At ≤ 3000 ppm: No treatment related toxic signs
BODY WEIGHT AND WEIGHT GAIN:
- At 30000 ppm: A more prominently retarded growth resulting in smaller body size than those of other groups.
- At 300 ppm: A significant but very slight depression of weight gain was seen in females for a week after commencement, followed by a rapid recovery to the control level.
FOOD CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if feeding study):
- At 30000 ppm: The food intake of male and female mice was depressed during the first week of the study in comparison to that of the controls but showed a tendency to recover afterwards. Average food intake of these animals then remained at only a slightly lower level than that of the control group.
FOOD EFFICIENCY:
- Food efficiencies were markedly lower than those of the control group during the first week of the study, corresponding to the decrease in food intake.
- At 30000 ppm: The overall average food efficiency was much lower than the control group.
WATER CONSUMPTION:
-At 30000 ppm: Decreased in both sexes during the first week. Though males soon recovered, females showed persistent lower intake during the study.
HAEMATOLOGY:
- Male and female mice in the 30000 ppm group showed moderately lower values in hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration than those of the control group; the leukocyte count in males also decreased moderately. Morphological changes of erythrocyte anisocytosis, polychromatophilia and poikilocytosis, were seen in six males and four females which were reported by necropsy or microscopic observation to have fore-stomach ulcers. Though some significant fluctuations were seen in hematocrit, no dose dependent abnormalities were found in hemoglobin concentration and erythrocyte count in males or females at less than 3000 ppm group.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY:
-At 30000 ppm: A slight to moderate decrease in total protein, glucose and cholesterol and a moderate to marked increase in alkaline phosphatase and urea nitrogen. Additional significant changes occurring in these animals were depression of SGPT level and increase in calcium level in females, and an increase of SGOT level in males.
- At 3000 ppm: Some fluctuations with significant differences from controls were seen in several parameters but these were all within the acceptable historical limits of mice of this strain and age.
ORGAN WEIGHTS:
-At 30000 ppm: Coincidental increase in absolute and relative weight was found in the thyroids of males and the kidneys of females
- At ≤ 3000 ppm: Statistically not significant values when compared to control.
GROSS PATHOLOGY
-At 30000 ppm: Marked emaciation, ischemic discoloration of the kidney and thyroid, atrophy of the pancreas, edematous thickening of the upper small intestine and slight splenomegaly were recorded in addition to several cases of fore stomach ulcer.
HISTOPATHOLOGY: NON-NEOPLASTIC
-At 30000 ppm: There were lesions attributable to the treatment in the pancreas, upper intestine, stomach, spleen and kidney. The pancreatic acinar cells had swollen nuclei with an increased number of clarified nucleoli and whirl-like profiles in their cytoplasm which were more basophilically stained than the controls. Single cell necrosis of the acinar cells was also a common feature in these animals. Moreover, a decrease in the number of acinus and ductule like metaplasia of acinar cells was demonstrated. There was mucosal catarrh in the upper intestine with proliferation of epithelial cells and edema at lamina propria, slight to moderate ulcerative lesions in the boundary of the fore-stomach and proliferation of erythropoietic immature cells in the splenic red pulp of these animals. Regressive changes of the renal cortex were observed in the females.
- At ≤ 3,000 ppm: Statistically not significant values when compared to control.
Effect levels
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEL
- Effect level:
- 3 000 ppm
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: - No remarkable clinical signs in either sex at 3000 ppm diet admix approximately equivalent to 458 zinc sulphate mg/kg bw/day (male) and 479 zinc sulphate mg/kg bw/day (female) (equivalent to approximately 104 mg Zn/kg bw/day)
Target system / organ toxicity
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
Any other information on results incl. tables
None
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Under the test conditions, the NOEL of Zinc sulphate heptahydrate was determined to be 3000 ppm (approximately equivalent to 458 mg/kg bw/day in males or 479 mg/kg bw/day in females) in mice.
- Executive summary:
In a repeated dose toxicity study conducted similarly to the OECD Guideline 408, Zinc sulphate heptahydrate was administered by oral (feed) to groups of ICR mice (12/sex/dose) at the dose-levels of 0, 300, 3000 and 30000 ppm for 13 weeks. Examinations during the study included: mortality, clinical signs, body weight, food and water consumption, haematology, blood chemistry, gross pathology, organ weights and macroscopic examination.
At 30000 ppm, depressed spontaneous motility before death or sacrifice. Four males and one female in this group were found dead or killed in extremis during the study. Histological findings of these animals revealed impairment of the urinary tract and regressive changes in the exocrine gland of the pancreas. Mortality was 33.3 % in males and 8.3 % in females. At ≤ 3,000 ppm, no treatment related toxic signs were noticed. At 30000 ppm, a more prominently retarded growth resulting in smaller body size than those of other groups. At 300 ppm, a significant but very slight depression of weight gain was seen in females for a week after commencement, followed by a rapid recovery to the control level. The food intake of male and female mice was depressed during the first week of the study in comparison to that of the controls but showed a tendency to recover afterwards at 30000 ppm. Average food intake of these animals then remained at only a slightly lower level than that of the control group. The overall average food efficiency was much lower than the control group at 30000 ppm. Water consumption was decreased in both sexes during the first week at 30000 ppm; though males soon recovered, females showed persistent lower intake during the study. Male and female mice in the 30000 ppm group showed moderately lower values in hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration than control group; the leukocyte count in males also decreased moderately. Morphological changes of erythrocyte anisocytosis, polychromatophilia and poikilocytosis, were seen in six males and four females which were reported by necropsy or microscopic observation to have fore-stomach ulcers. Though some significant fluctuations were seen in hematocrit, no dose dependent abnormalities were found in hemoglobin concentration and erythrocyte count in males or females at less than 3000 ppm group. A slight to moderate decrease in total protein, glucose and cholesterol and a moderate to marked increase in alkaline phosphatase and urea nitrogen were observed at 30000 ppm. Additional significant changes occurring in these animals were depression of SGPT level and increase in calcium level in females, and an increase of SGOT level in males. At 3000 ppm, some fluctuations with significant differences from controls were seen in several parameters but these were all within the acceptable historical limits of mice of this strain and age. Coincidental increase in absolute and relative weight was found in the thyroids of males and the kidneys of females at 30000 ppm. At 30000 ppm, marked emaciation, ischemic discoloration of the kidney and thyroid, atrophy of the pancreas, edematous thickening of the upper small intestine and slight splenomegaly were recorded in addition to several cases of fore stomach ulcer. Histopathological lesions included catarrh at the upper intestine, ulcers at the boundary of fore- and glandular stomach, proliferation of erythropoietic immature cells in the splenic red pulp as well as pancreatic lesions were observed at 30000 ppm.
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