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Physical & Chemical properties

Explosiveness

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Endpoint:
explosive properties of explosives
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
weight of evidence
Study period:
26 Sep 2016 to 27 Oct 2016
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
other: ASTM E537
GLP compliance:
yes
Parameter:
other: exothermic decomposition energy
Remarks on result:
other: heat decomposition occurs at 770 J/g
Test series:
other: not determined
Method:
other: not determined
Parameter:
other: not determined
Remarks on result:
not measured/tested

METHOD MECHANICAL SENSITIVITY (SHOCK):

The thermogram shows an endothermic peak at 140 °C, which is attributed to melting, followed by two broad, very similar exothermic peaks at 240 °C and 346 °C. The total normalized energy output from these exothermic events, i.e. the heat of decomposition, is 770 J/g.

To conclude:

(i) The heat of decomposition of the test substance = 770 J/g.

(ii)  The heat of decomposition is greater than 500 J/g, in which case further explosive testing will be required to establish the sensitivity of the test substance to heating and ignition under confinement.

(iii) The heat of decomposition is less than 800 J/g, in which case the explosive test to establish the sensitivity to detonative shock will not be required.

Interpretation of results:
GHS criteria not met
Conclusions:
The test substance gave a negative result in tests used to determine its sensitivity to shock, friction or heating under confinement, and is therefore not classified as an explosive.
Executive summary:

In accordance with procedure ASTM E537, the test substance did not give a positive result in tests used to determine its sensitivity to shock, friction or heating under confinement. Therefore the test substance is not classified as an explosive.

Endpoint:
explosive properties of explosives
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
weight of evidence
Study period:
26 Sep 2016 to 27 Oct 2016
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
other: UN Test 2(b): “Koenen Test”
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
other: UN Test 2(c)(i): “Time/Pressure Test
GLP compliance:
yes
Key result
Test series:
UN Test series 2
Method:
UN Test 2 (b): Koenen test
Parameter:
limiting diameter (mm)
Result:
negative, no violent effect on heating under confinement
Remarks on result:
other: No explosions were observed using the 1 mm orifice plates, i.e. Limiting Diameter < 1 mm.
Key result
Test series:
UN Test series 2
Method:
UN Test 2 (c) (i): Time/pressure test
Parameter:
other: Maximum Pressure (kPa)
Value:
304
Result:
negative, no ability to deflagrate
Remarks on result:
p < 2070 kPa

KOENEN TEST


The results of the three tests carried out on the test substance are tabulated below, where O = Tube recovered unchanged, t1 = Time elapsed from ignition of burners to the first noticeable reaction of the test substance, and t2 = Time elapsed from t1 to the end of the reaction.


Table 1: Koenen test


































Test Number



Orifice Diameter



Tube Condition



 t1


(s)



 t2


(s)



1.



1 mm



O



14



169



2.



1 mm



O



11



189



3.



1 mm



O



11



219



Note: In the absence of a positive result using the 1 mm orifice, no further tests at larger orifice diameters were required.


Comments:


(a) During each test, after a time t1 and lasting for a time t2, test material vented with flame through the orifice.


(b) No explosions occurred and each test was suspended after a total heating period of 5 minutes.


To conclude:


(i) No explosions were observed using the 1 mm orifice plates, i.e. Limiting Diameter < 1 mm.


(ii) In accordance with the criteria of UN Test 2(b), the Limiting Diameter is less than 2 mm and the outcome of the test is considered to be “–” (i.e. negative).


(iii) The test substance shows no violent effect on heating under confinement.


 


TIME/PRESSURE TEST


The results of the three tests carried out on the test substance are tabulated below, where


O = Tube recovered unchanged,


t1 = Time elapsed from ignition of burners to the first noticeable reaction of the test substance,


and t2 = Time elapsed from t1 to the end of the reaction.


























Test No.



Rise Time (s)



Maximum Pressure (kPa)



1.



-



258



2.



-



304



3.



-



232



 To conclude:


(i)  In all three tests, the upper pressure threshold of 2070 kPa was not achieved.


(ii) In accordance with the criteria of UN Test 2(c)(i), the outcome of the test is considered to be “–” (i.e. negative).


(iii) The test substance shows no deflagration when ignited under confinement.


 


Test Series 2 has been carried out in order to establish whether or not the test substance is too insensitive for classification as an explosive. This series comprises the following types of test:


- Type 2(a) – sensitivity to detonative shock


- Type 2(b) – effect of heating under confinement


- Type 2(c) – effect of ignition under confinement


Tests of type 2(a) were rendered unnecessary, as the heat of decomposition (less than 800 J/g). Both the Koenen test (type 2(b) and the time/pressure test (type 2(c),) produced results which were considered to be “–” (i.e. negative).

Interpretation of results:
GHS criteria not met
Conclusions:
The test substance is not classified as an explosive
Executive summary:

Both UN Test 2(b) (Koenen test) and UN Test 2(c)(i) (Time/Pressure Test) performed in compliance with GLP revealed results which were considered to be negative. Therefore the overall conclusion from these tests is that the test substance is not classified as an explosive.

Description of key information



 


The test substance did not explode when exposed to heat, mechanical shock or friction, ASTM E537, UN Test 2b and UN Test 2c, Jackson 2016.



Key value for chemical safety assessment

Explosiveness:
non explosive

Additional information

Justification for classification or non-classification

Based on the available information, classification on explosiveness is not warranted in accordance with EU Classification, Labelling and Packaging of Substances and Mixtures (CLP) Regulation No. (EC) 1272/2008.