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Diss Factsheets

Administrative data

Endpoint:
in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
Oct 23 - Dec 09, 2019
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study

Data source

Reference
Reference Type:
study report
Title:
Unnamed
Year:
2019
Report date:
2019

Materials and methods

Test guidelineopen allclose all
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
Version / remarks:
1997
Deviations:
no
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
other: Japanese Guidelines for this test system
Version / remarks:
1993
GLP compliance:
yes
Type of assay:
bacterial reverse mutation assay

Test material

Constituent 1
Chemical structure
Reference substance name:
Biphenyl-4-yl- biphenyl-2-yl-amin
Cas Number:
1372775-52-4
Molecular formula:
C24 H19 N
IUPAC Name:
Biphenyl-4-yl- biphenyl-2-yl-amin
Test material form:
solid

Method

Target gene:
HIS operon (S. thyphimurium)
TRP operon (E. coli)
Species / strainopen allclose all
Species / strain / cell type:
S. typhimurium TA 98
Species / strain / cell type:
S. typhimurium TA 100
Species / strain / cell type:
S. typhimurium TA 1535
Species / strain / cell type:
S. typhimurium TA 1537
Species / strain / cell type:
E. coli WP2 uvr A pKM 101
Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):
trp-, uvrA
Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
other: mutations in the tryptophan operon
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Metabolic activation system:
liver S9 mix from beta-Naphthoflavone/Phenobarbital-pretreated rats with standard co-factors
Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
The selection of the solvent for this assay was based on the available information from a prelimi-nary solubility test. Dimethylformamid (DMF) showed best performance and was thus used for this experiment at a maximum concentration of 100 µL/plate. Following test material concentrations were applied:
1. Series: 5.00, 15.8, 50.0, 158, 500, 1580, and 5000 µg/plate
2. Series: 1.58, 5.00, 15.8, 50.0, and 158 µg/plate
Vehicle / solvent:
DMF
Controlsopen allclose all
Untreated negative controls:
no
Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
yes
True negative controls:
no
Positive controls:
yes
Positive control substance:
4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide
sodium azide
other: 4-Nitro-o-phenylenediamine
Remarks:
without S9
Untreated negative controls:
no
Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
yes
True negative controls:
no
Positive controls:
yes
Positive control substance:
other: 2-aminoanthracene
Remarks:
with S9
Details on test system and experimental conditions:
Bacterial strains were tested in accordance with the plate incorporation method. 3 parallel plates were used for each concentration step of the test material. The incubation of plates was performed at 36-38°C for 2 days. Liver S9 mix from rats pre-treated with beta-naphthoflavone/phenobarbital was used as the metabolic activation system. Two experimental series were performed, containing 10% S9 ind the 1st and 20% S9 in the 2nd series.
Rationale for test conditions:
according to Guideline
Evaluation criteria:
A test material was to be defined as positive or mutagenic in this assay if
• the assay is considered valid and
• a biologically relevant increase in the mean number of revertants above a threshold of 2-fold (TA 98, TA 100, WP2 uvrA) or 3-fold (TA 1535, TA 1537) as compared to the concurrent negative controls is observed
• an increase exceeding the threshold at only one concentration is considered as biologically meaningful if reproduced in a second independent experiment
• a concentration-dependent increase is considered biologically meaningful if the threshold is exceeded at more than one concentration

A test material is defined as negative or non-mutagenic in this assay if
• the assay is considered valid and
• none of the above-mentioned criteria are met

Whenever colony counts remain within the historical range of negative controls, such increases are considered as biologically not meaningful. In general, two series of experiments must be performed.

Results which only partially satisfied the above criteria were dealt with on a case by case basis. Biological relevance was considered, for example consistency of response within and between concentrations and (where applicable) between experiments.
Statistics:
According to the OECD guideline 471, a statistical analysis of the data is not mandatory.

Results and discussion

Test resultsopen allclose all
Key result
Species / strain:
S. typhimurium TA 98
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Genotoxicity:
negative
Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
no cytotoxicity, but tested up to precipitating concentrations
Vehicle controls validity:
valid
Untreated negative controls validity:
not examined
True negative controls validity:
not examined
Positive controls validity:
valid
Key result
Species / strain:
S. typhimurium TA 100
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Genotoxicity:
negative
Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
no cytotoxicity, but tested up to precipitating concentrations
Vehicle controls validity:
valid
Untreated negative controls validity:
not examined
True negative controls validity:
not examined
Positive controls validity:
valid
Key result
Species / strain:
S. typhimurium TA 1535
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Genotoxicity:
negative
Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
no cytotoxicity, but tested up to precipitating concentrations
Vehicle controls validity:
valid
Untreated negative controls validity:
not examined
True negative controls validity:
not examined
Positive controls validity:
valid
Key result
Species / strain:
S. typhimurium TA 1537
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Genotoxicity:
negative
Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
no cytotoxicity, but tested up to precipitating concentrations
Vehicle controls validity:
valid
Untreated negative controls validity:
not examined
True negative controls validity:
not examined
Positive controls validity:
valid
Key result
Species / strain:
E. coli WP2 uvr A
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Genotoxicity:
negative
Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
no cytotoxicity, but tested up to precipitating concentrations
Vehicle controls validity:
valid
Untreated negative controls validity:
not examined
True negative controls validity:
not examined
Positive controls validity:
valid

Any other information on results incl. tables



Summary 1stseries



Metabolic Activation

Test
Material

Concentr. [µg/plate]


Revertants per plate (Mean ± SD)




TA 98

TA 100

TA 1535

TA 1537

WP2 uvrA

Without

activation

DMF


38 ± 7

89 ± 15

24 ± 5

6 ± 2

29 ± 5


Art. 201959

5.00

31 ± 3

86 ± 13

25 ± 6

10 ± 5

35 ± 5



15.8

31 ± 4

96 ± 6

24 ± 2

7 ± 2

36 ± 5



50.0

38 ± 8

93 ± 4

24 ± 4

8 ± 3

33 ± 3



158

41 ± 7 E

102 ± 5 E

36 ± 6 E

8 ± 2 E M

35 ± 6 E



500

35 ± 8 M V

83 ± 1 M V

21 ± 1 M V

7 ± 2 M V

31 ± 4 M V



1580

35 ± 6 M V

82 ± 15 M V

14 ± 4 M V

5 ± 1 M V

28 ± 2 M V



5000

27 ± 4 M V

95 ± 7 M V

19 ± 7 M V

7 ± 3 M V

32 ± 3 M V


NaN3

2.00


1733 ± 59

889 ± 15




NQO

2.00





1923 ± 122


4-NOPD

60.0




93 ± 12



4-NOPD

20.0

531 ± 45





With

activation

DMF


47 ± 5

93 ± 11

18 ± 6

8 ± 3

33 ± 7


Art. 201959

5.00

42 ± 9

103 ± 7

17 ± 9

6 ± 3

33 ± 7



15.8

37 ± 3

109 ± 2

18 ± 3

11 ± 2

38 ± 8



50.0

42 ± 7

104 ± 9

16 ± 10

9 ± 3

31 ± 7



158

46 ± 6 E

96 ± 7 E

20 ± 6 E

8 ± 6 E

29 ± 9 E



500

35 ± 2 M V

92 ± 1 M V

18 ± 5 M V

4 ± 3 M V

32 ± 7 M V



1580

38 ± 5 M V

97 ± 13 M V

20 ± 5 M V

7 ± 2 M V

38 ± 10 M V



5000

35 ± 2 M V

117 ± 27 M V

13 ± 5 M V

9 ± 3 M V

35 ± 4 M V


2-AA

10.0





373 ± 45


2-AA

2.00

1894 ± 216

4831 ± 1007





2-AA

5.00



79 ± 26

386 ± 42






Summary 2ndseries



Metabolic Activation

Test
Material

Concentr. [µg/plate]


Revertants per plate (Mean ± SD)




TA 98

TA 100

TA 1535

TA 1537

WP2 uvrA

Without

activation

DMF


33 ± 9

88 ± 15

24 ± 6

7 ± 4

30 ± 8


Art. 201959

1.58

32 ± 5

83 ± 10

31 ± 8

8 ± 1

30 ± 2



5.00

36 ± 9

83 ± 5

32 ± 12

8 ± 4

41 ± 6



15.8

36 ± 5

83 ± 14

24 ± 4

7 ± 1

32 ± 4



50.0

44 ± 5

83 ± 6

25 ± 3

5 ± 4

31 ± 4



158

40 ± 3 E

83 ± 19 E

32 ± 15 E

7 ± 1 E M

31 ± 6 E


NaN3

2.00


1586 ± 16

740 ± 287




NQO

2.00





1758 ± 92


4-NOPD

20.0

482 ± 89






4-NOPD

60.0




77 ± 3


With

activation

DMF


42 ± 8

97 ± 17

21 ± 6

11 ± 5

36 ± 7


Art. 201959

1.58

42 ± 9

103 ± 9

18 ± 5

11 ± 2

31 ± 3



5.00

43 ± 3

114 ± 3

20 ± 2

9 ± 4

38 ± 2



15.8

36 ± 3

101 ± 4

18 ± 3

12 ± 6

36 ± 9



50.0

40 ± 12

96 ± 18

15 ± 5

8 ± 3

37 ± 10



158

50 ± 4 E

81 ± 20 E

26 ± 7 E

15 ± 4 E

43 ± 6 E


2-AA

10.0





278 ± 15


2-AA

2.00

632 ± 106

1002 ± 208





2-AA

5.00



170 ± 38

436 ± 181










Key to Positive controls

Key to Plate Postfix Codes

NQO

4-Nitroquinoline-N-oxide

E

Precipitation until end of experiment

2-AA

2-Aminoanthracene

M

manual count

4-NOPD

4-Nitro-o-phenylendiamin



NaN3

Sodium azide









Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:
With and without addition of S9 mix as the external metabolizing system, the test item was not mutagenic under the experimental conditions described.
Executive summary:

Objective

The present study was conducted to investigate the test material for mutagenic potential in a bacterial reverse gene mutation assay in the absence and presence of a rat liver metabolizing system (S9 mix).

Study Design

The investigations for the mutagenic potential of the test material were performed using Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535 and TA 1537 and Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA. The plate incorporation test with and without addition of liver S9 mix from rats pretreated with β-Naphthoflavone/Phenobarbital was used. In this study, two experimental series were performed. The S9 mix used contained 10% S9 in the 1st and 20% S9 in the 2nd series, respectively.

Results

Solvent and positive control treatments were included for all strains. The mean numbers of re-vertant colonies were all within acceptable ranges for solvent control treatments, or were clearly elevated by positive control treatments, thus, showing the expected reversion properties of all strains and good metabolic activity of the S9 mix used.

Following treatment of all bacteria tester strains with the test material in the absence and presence of S9 mix, no relevant increases in revertant numbers were observed.

Conclusion

With and without addition of S9 mix as the external metabolizing system, the test item was not mutagenic under the experimental conditions described.