2,4-bis[N'-(4-methylphenyl)ureido]toluene

Genetic toxicity: in vivo

Administrative data

Endpoint:

in vivo mammalian somatic cell study: cytogenicity / erythrocyte micronucleus

Remarks:

Type of genotoxicity: chromosome aberration

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

September 09 - November 27, 1992

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study with acceptable restrictions

Remarks:

The study has been performed according to OECD and/or EC guidelines and according to GLP principles. Limited information available to verify the composition of the used test substance.

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

1992

Report date:

1992

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Test guideline 1

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 474 (Mammalian Erythrocyte Micronucleus Test)

Version / remarks:

(1983)

Deviations:

no

Test guideline 2

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method B.12 (Mutagenicity - In Vivo Mammalian Erythrocyte Micronucleus Test)

Deviations:

no

Test guideline 3

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: EPA, Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Subpart F-Genetic Toxicity, Revision July 1, 1986 "In vivo mammalian bone marrow cytogenetics tests: Micronucleus assay."

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Type of assay:

micronucleus assay

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

2,4-bis[N'-(4-methylphenyl)ureido]toluene

EC Number:

411-790-5

EC Name:

2,4-bis[N'-(4-methylphenyl)ureido]toluene

Cas Number:

54390-87-3

Molecular formula:

C23H24N4O2, C24H34N4O2

IUPAC Name:

3-(2-methyl-3-{[(4-methylphenyl)carbamoyl]amino}phenyl)-1-(4-methylphenyl)urea; 3-(2-methyl-5-{[(4-methylphenyl)carbamoyl]amino}phenyl)-1-(4-methylphenyl)urea; 3-{2-methyl-3-[(octylcarbamoyl)amino]phenyl}-1-(4-methylphenyl)urea

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): KY-MA
- Physical state: Light yellow solid

Test animals

Species:

mouse

Strain:

NMRI

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River Wiga GmbH
- Age at study initiation: minimum 11 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: approximately 30 g
- Assigned to test groups randomly: yes
- Fasting period before study: approximately 18 hours before treatment
- Housing: Single in Makrolon Type I cages with wire mesh top containing granulated soft wood bedding.
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Free access to standard pelleted diet ( ALTROMIN 1324, D-4937 Lage/Lippe)
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): Free access to tap water (Gemeindewerke, D-6101 Rosdorf)
- Acclimation period: minimum 5 days

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 21 ± 3
- Humidity (%): 30-70 (The upper limit was exceeded for short periodes; maximum 90%)
- Air changes (per hr): No data available
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:

oral: unspecified

Vehicle:

- Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose, 1% aqueous solution)
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: The vehicle was chosen to its relative non-toxicity for the animals.

Details on exposure:

PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS: On the day of the experiment, the test article was formulated in 1% aqueous CMC solution.

Dosing volume administered:

Test substance solution and negative control (vehicle): 20 mL/kg body weight.
Positive control: 10 mL/kg body weight.

Duration of treatment / exposure:

Test substance and negative control: 24, 48 and 72 hours.
Positive control: 24 hours.

Frequency of treatment:

Single.

Doses / concentrations

Remarks:

Doses / Concentrations:
5000 mg/kg bw
Basis:
nominal conc.

No. of animals per sex per dose:

Pre test: 2
Main study: 5

Control animals:

yes, concurrent vehicle

Positive control(s):

1% Cyclophosphamide (CPA) in physiological saline
- Route of administration: Orally once
- Doses / concentrations: 30 mg/kg body weight (10 mL/kg body weight)

Examinations

Tissues and cell types examined:

Measuring the increase of the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes per 1000 polychromatic erythrocytes in mouse bone marrow.

Details of tissue and slide preparation:

CRITERIA FOR DOSE SELECTION: Selection of an adequate dose for the Micronucleus test was based on a preliminary study. It is generally recommended to use the maximum tolerated dose or the highest dose that can be formulated and administered reproducibly. The maximum tolerated dose level was determined to be the dose that caused toxic reactions without having major effects on survival within 72 hours.

TREATMENT AND SAMPLING TIMES ( in addition to information in specific fields):
At the beginning of the treatment the animals were weighed and the individual volume to administered was adjusted to the animal's body weight. Sampling of the bone marrow was done 24, 48 and 72 hours after treatment.

DETAILS OF SLIDE PREPARATION:
The animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. The femora were removed, the epiphyses were cut off and the marrow was flushed out with fetal calf serum, using a 5 mL syringe. The cell suspension was centrifuged at 1500 rpm for 10 minutes and the supernatant was discarded. A small drop of the resuspended cell pellet was spread on a slide. The smear was air-dried and than stained with May-Grunwald/Giemsa. Cover slips were mounted with Eukitt. At least one slide was made from each bone marrow sample.

METHOD OF ANALYSIS:
Evaluation of the slides was performed using microscopes with 100x oil immersion objectives. 1000 polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) were analysed per animal for micronuclei. To describe a cytotoxic effect the ratio between polychromatic and normochromatic erythrocytes was determined in the same sample and expressed in normochromatic erythrocytes per 1000 PCEs. The analysis was performed with coded slides. Five animals per sex and group were evaluated as described.

Evaluation criteria:

A test article is classified as mutagenic if it induces a statistically significant increase in the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes at for at least one of the test points.
A test article producing no statistically significant increase in the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes at any of the test points is considered non-mutagenic in this system.
However, both biological and statistical significance should be considered together.

Statistics:

Statistical significance at the five per cent level (p < 0.05) was evaluated by means of the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test.

Results and discussion

Test results

Sex:

male/female

Genotoxicity:

negative

Toxicity:

no effects

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Additional information on results:

RESULTS OF RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Dose range: 5000 mg/kg body weight
- Solubility: the test substance was formulated in 1% CMC
- Clinical signs of toxicity in test animals: the treated animals expressed slight toxic reactions: reaction of spontaneous activity.

RESULTS OF DEFINITIVE STUDY, see "Any other information on results incl. tables"

- Induction of micronuclei: In comparison to the corresponding negative controls there was no significant enhancement in the frequency of the detected micronuclei at any preparation interval after application of the test substance. The mean values of micronuclei observed after treatment with the test substance were in the same range as compared to the negative control groups.
- Ratio of PCE/NCE (for Micronucleus assay): The mean number of normochromatic erythrocytes was not increased after treatment with the test article as compared to the mean values of NCEs of the corresponding negative controls.

Any other information on results incl. tables

Summary of results

Test group	Dose mg/kg bw	Sampling time (h)	PCEs with micronuclei (%)	Range	PCE/NCE
Vehicle	0	24	0.13	0 - 3	1000/853
Test substance	5000	24	0.13	0 - 4	1000/797
Cyclophosphamide	30	24	1.93	7 - 35	1000/859
Vehicle	0	48	0.06	0 - 2	1000/769
Test substance	5000	48	0.03	0 - 1	1000/738
Vehicle	0	72	0.11	0 - 3	1000/686
Test substance	5000	72	0.13	0 - 4	1000/631

 

Cyclophosphamide showed a distinct increase of induced micronucleus frequency.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

An in vivo micronucleus study with KY-MA in the mouse (5 animals per sex/dose, orally administration) was conducted according to OECD 474 and GLP guidelines. It is concluded that KY-MA is not clastogenic in the micronucleus test under the experimental conditions described in this report.

Executive summary:

An in vivo micronucleus study with KY-MA in the mouse (6 animals per sex/dose, orally administration) was conducted according to OECD 474 and GLP guidelines. As slight toxicity was observed, it is considered that the test substance has reached the target tissue.

In comparison to the corresponding negative controls there was no significant enhancement in the frequency of the detected micronuclei at any preparation interval after application of the test substance. The mean values of micronuclei observed after treatment with the test substance were in the same range as compared to the negative control groups. The mean number of normochromatic erythrocytes was not increased after treatment with the test article as compared to the mean values of NCEs of the corresponding negative controls, indicating that KY-MA has no cytotoxic properties. It is concluded that KY-MA is not clastogenic in the micronucleus test under the experimental conditions described in this report.