Di(tetraethylammonium)hexahydroxoplatinate(IV)

Toxicity to terrestrial arthropods

Administrative data

Endpoint:

toxicity to terrestrial arthropods: long-term

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: see 'Remark'

Remarks:

No details on analytical verification of test material concentration. Not GLP compliant. Minimum number of test concentrations used and spacing factor is not appropriate for derivation of ECx. Composition of soil is slightly different from guidance recommendations.

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Impact of platinum on the soil invertebrate Folsomia candida

Author:

Nemcova B et al

Year:

2012

Bibliographic source:

Neuroendocrinology Letters Volume 33 Suppl. 3

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 232 (Collembolan Reproduction Test in Soil)

GLP compliance:

no

Application method:

soil

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Tetrachloroplatinum

Cas Number:

13454-96-1

Molecular formula:

PtCl4

IUPAC Name:

Tetrachloroplatinum

Specific details on test material used for the study:

purity not specified, assumed to be p.a. as in Nemcova et al (2013) and Havelkova et al (2014)

Sampling and analysis

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Details on sampling:

None.

Test substrate

Details on preparation and application of test substrate:

Test material dissolved in appropriate amount of deionised water to attain 50% MWHC.
Stock solution made at 10 mmol/L (0,3369 g PtCl4 per 100 mL deionised water).
Test item mixed in soil immediately before use.

Test organisms

Test organisms (species):

Folsomia candida

Animal group:

Collembola (soil-dwelling springtail)

Details on test organisms:

- Source: Ecotoxicological laboratory of the University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences

The following information was not specified but assumed to be the same as the study for platinum tetrachloride by Nemcova, 2012 ("Impact of platinum on the soil invertebrate Folsomia candida". Neuroendocrinology Letters, 33(3), 173-178).
- Age at test initiation (mean and range, SD): young adults, 10-12 days of age
- Substrate: plaster of Paris/charcoal mixture, 9:1
- Feeding: fed twice a week with dried baker's yeast, 24 hr fasting before test start
- Temperature: 20 +/- 1 C
- Lighting: dark

Study design

Study type:

laboratory study

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

28 d

Post exposure observation period:

None.

Test conditions

Test temperature:

20 °C

pH (if soil or dung study):

6.0 +/- 0.5
Adjusted with calcium carbonate.
pH analysed in a 1:5 mixture of soil and 1 M potassium chloride

Humidity:

50% of maximum water holding capacity (MWHC)
MWHC not reported, but worst-case measured value of Hofman et al (2009) taken, i.e. 50% MWHC = 0.19 ml H2O/g(dry soil)
(Hofman J et al (2009) Chapter 24: Comparison and characterization of OECD Artificial Soils. In: Moser and Rombke (eds), Ecotoxicological Characterisation of Waste, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2009)

Photoperiod and lighting:

Light/dark cycle: 16/8
Light intensity: 400 - 800 Lux

Details on test conditions:

- Test container (material, size): glass, capped with polyethylene lid and sealed with Parafilm (with a small hole to allow airflow)
- Amount of soil or substrate: 30g wet weight
- No. of organisms per container (treatment): 10 synchronised springtails
- No. of replicates per treatment group: 5
- Substrate: standard artificial soil
- % sand: 70
- % silt: 0
- % clay: 20 (kaolin)
- % organic material: 10 (Sphagnum peat, finely ground)
- Feeding: 2 mg granulated dry yeast on days 1 and 14

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal concentrations: 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 µM PtCl4 per vessel

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

boric acid

Results and discussion

Effect concentrations

Effect concentrations 1

Duration:

28 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

200.4 other: µmol/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Remarks on result:

other: corresponding to 7.43 mg Pt/kg(dw)

Effect concentrations 2

Duration:

28 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

5 other: µmol/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Remarks on result:

other:

Remarks:

corresponds to 0.19 mg Pt/kg (dry soil)

Effect concentrations 3

Duration:

28 d

Dose descriptor:

EC10

Remarks:

self-calculated from data using log-logistic model by minimising unweighted squared residuals sum

Effect conc.:

0.36 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

element

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Effect concentrations 4

Key result

Duration:

28 d

Dose descriptor:

EC10

Effect conc.:

33.6 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

element

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Remarks on result:

other: EC10 recalculated based on reported data using TRAP v1.30a

Effect concentrations 5

Key result

Duration:

28 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

421 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

element

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Remarks on result:

other: EC50 value recalculated based on reported data using TRAP v1.30a

Details on results:

In the control treatment, adult survival was 100%, the average number of juveniles per vessel was 1043.8 and the CV was 3%.
No significant effect of PtCl4 on mortality was found.
Survival was not affect to such an extent as reproduction.

Results with reference substance (positive control):

28d EC50 for reproduction is 120 mg/kg for boric acid; expected value is 100 mg/kg dry weight soil.

Reported statistics and error estimates:

One-sided ANOVA followed by analysis of means by the LSD test.
Levene's method to test for homogeneity of variances.
Non-homogenous parameters were log-transformed prior to analysis and compared with the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test.

Any other information on results incl. tables

Test material concntration (uM)	# juveniles produced	CV (%)	SD	Inhibition of reproduction (%)	No of adults at beginning of test	No of adults at end of test (average)	inhibition of mortality (%)
5	1011.8	6	63	3	10	9.4	6
10	654.6	7	46	37	10	9.6	4
25	694.8	11	76	33	10	10	0
50	806.8	3	23	23	10	10	0
100	541.6	8	41	48	10	9	10

recalculated	EC10	8
	EC50	100 (top dose)

		PtCl4 (휇mol/L)	Pt (휇mol/L)	Pt (휇g/L)	Pt (mg/L)	Pt (mg/kg ww)	Pt (mg/kg dw)
EC10		8	4.632491	903.7064	0.903706	29.76915	33.6
EC50		100	57.90614	11296.33	11.29633	372.1144	420.5
		MW PtCl4	336.89	1.726933
		MW Pt	195
		Kd soil	37.2	L/kg
		Ksoil-water	56	m3/m3
		RHOsolid	1700	kg/m3
		Dry weight conversion	1.13

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

PtCl4 was shown to have an effect on the reproduction of Folsomia candida under the chosen test conditions. The 28-day reproduction EC50 was found to be 200.4 µmol/L. Recalculation of effects concentration using TRAP v1.30a gave EC10 and EC50 values of 8 and 100 µmol Pt/L, respectively, corresponding to 33.6 and 421 mg Pt/kg(dw), respectively.

Executive summary:

The influence of PtCl4 on the mortality, reproduction and growth of the species Folsomia candida was investigated according to OECD Test Guideline 232 (also CSN ISO 11267), "Inhibition of reproduction of Collembola by soil pollutants". Test specimens were placed in synthetic soil treated with nominal PtCl4 concentrations of 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 µM. Soil moisture was maintained at 50% MWHC and adjusted at three times a week with more water to account for system mass losses. No significant differences between the test concentrations and control were found for adult mortality. The 28-day reproduction EC50 for PtCl4 was found to be 200.4 µmol/L. Recalculation of effects concentration using TRAP v1.30a gave EC10 and EC50 values of 8 and 100 µmol Pt/L, respectively, corresponding to 33.6 and 421 mg Pt/kg(dw), respectively..