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Ecotoxicological information

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

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Endpoint:
short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
2007-11-27 to 2008-01-30
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
Deviations:
no
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
EPA OPPTS 850.1010 (Aquatic Invertebrate Acute Toxicity Test, Freshwater Daphnids)
Deviations:
no
GLP compliance:
yes
Specific details on test material used for the study:
Physical description: Tan powder
Storage condition: Ambient
Purity and composition: 99.5% 3,5 Dimethoxy-4-hydroxy benzonitrile
Analytical monitoring:
no
Vehicle:
yes
Details on test solutions:
Test substance preparation:
-Test material was determined to be slightly soluble in water. For all test concentrations prepared, a water-soluble fraction was prepared by adding the required nominal amount of test substance in moderately hard synthetic freshwater, and mixing the solution for 20-24 hours. After mixing, the undissolved test substance was separated from the solution, and only this water-soluble fraction was used for testing.
Test organisms (species):
Daphnia magna
Details on test organisms:
TEST ORGANSM
- Source: STILLMEADOW, Inc, culture laboratory
- Age at study initiation: no greater than 24 hours old at dosing

Husbandry
Test Room: environmentally controlled chamber
Test chambers: 250 mL glass beakers, filled with 200 mL of appropriate solution
Test Medium: Moderately hard synthetic freshwater
Temperature: 19-22°C
- Feeding during test
- Food type: not fed during the test

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): same as test
Test type:
static
Water media type:
freshwater
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
48 h
Hardness:
Range-finding test: 75 mg/L CaCO3
Definitive: 90 mg/L CaCO3
Test temperature:
19-22°C
pH:
Range finding test: pH 8.0
Definitive: pH 8.1 (this is out of the protocol range, but has no adverse effect on the study).
Dissolved oxygen:
60-105% saturation at dosing
Nominal and measured concentrations:
Range finding test: 1, 10, 100, 500, and 1000 mg/L of test substance.
Definitive test: 12.5, 25,50,100, and 200 mg/L of test substance.
Details on test conditions:
TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 250-mL glass beaker filled with 200 mL of appropriate solution

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
-Test material was determined to be slightly soluble in water. For all test concentrations prepared, a water-soluble fraction was prepared by adding the required nominal amount of test substance in moderately hard synthetic freshwater, and mixing the solution for 20-24 hours. After mixing, the undissolved test substance was separated from the solution, and only this water-soluble fraction was used for testing.

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod:16-hour light/8-hour dark cycle

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel for Definitive test:
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 250 mL glass beaker, filled with 200 mL of appropriate solution
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
-Control: No. of organisms per vessel: 10
-No. of vessels per concentration: 3
-At 24 and 48 hours after dosing, each beaker was examined for immobility, and the number of mobile daphnids was recorded.
-Test concentrations: 12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/L of the test substance.

- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: 1,10,100, 500, 1000 mg/L

Evaluation of Results:
The test was considered valid if the control immobility did not exceed 10%. The control was used to compare the immobility endpoints of the test
concentrations. The NOEC (No observed Effect Concentration) and EC50 (median effective concentration) were determined by a commercially available statistical program (ToxCalc version 5.0). Several models are available for EC50 determination: Probit, Trimmed Spearman-Karber, and Linear Interpolation. The most appropriate model was selected for the determination in this case.
Reference substance (positive control):
no
Duration:
48 h
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
25 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
mobility
Duration:
48 h
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
37.73 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
mobility
Remarks on result:
other: 95% CL of 36.28-39.28 mg/L
Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
Remarks:
Both range-finding and definitive test control immobility was less than 10%, the tests were considered valid.
Conclusions:
Mediator SNP, 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzonitrile, was tested for acute toxicity to daphnia magna and was found to have a NOEC of 25 mg/L and an EC50 of 37.73 mg/L.
Executive summary:

The study was conducted to assess the toxicity of the test substance, mediator SNP (4 -hydroxy-3,5 -dimethoxybenzonitrile) to the freshwater invertebrate Daphnia magna in a 48-hour static test in accordance with OECD Guideline 202. The NOEC (no observed effect concentration) was determined to be 25 mg/L, and the EC50 was determined to be 37.73 mg/L with 95% confidence limits of 36.28 -39.28 mg/L. Results presented are based on nominal concentrations.

Endpoint:
short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
2008-10-15 to 2008-10-17
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
Deviations:
no
GLP compliance:
yes
Analytical monitoring:
no
Vehicle:
yes
Details on test solutions:
For the purpose of the definitive test the test material was dissolved directly in reconstituted water. Four separate ingredients (4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzonitrile, laccase granules, monosodium phosphate, and adipic acid) were dissolved in reconstituted water and the volume adjusted to 1 litre to give the 150 mg/L mediator-laccase blend test concentration. Aliquots (41.6, 83.3 and 250 mL) of the 150 mg/L test concentration were each separately dispersed in a final volume of 500 mL of reconstituted water to give the remainder of the test series of 12.5, 25 and 75 mg/L respectively. Each prepared concentration was inverted several times to ensure adequate mixing and homogeneity.
Test organisms (species):
Daphnia magna
Details on test organisms:
TEST ORGANISM
20 daphnids total (duplicate x10 animals)
- Source: The test was carried out using 1st instar Daphnia magna derived from in-house (Harlan Laboratories) laboratory cultures.
- Age at study initiation: less than 24 hrs old*
- Method of breeding: Culture conditions ensured that reproduction was by parthenogenesis.
- Feeding during test
- Food type: suspension of algae (Chlorella species)
- Frequency: daily
*Gravid adults were isolated the day before initiation of the test, such that the young daphnids produced overnight were less than 24 hours old. These young were removed from the cultures and used for testing. The diet and diluent water are considered not to contain any contaminant that would affect the integrity or outcome of the study.
Test type:
static
Water media type:
freshwater
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
48 h
Test temperature:
21-22°C, recorded daily
pH:
recorded at the start and end of the study
start end
12.5 mg/L: start - 7.5; end - 7.9
25 mg/L: start - 7.2; end - 7.7
75 mg/L: start - 6.8; end - 7.3
150 mg/L: start - 6.3; end - 6.7
control: start - 7.9; end - 8.1
Nominal and measured concentrations:
12.5, 25, 75, 150 mg/L for definitive test (nominal)
Details on test conditions:
TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 250 mL glass jars
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 200 mL of test solution
- Aeration: no
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 2

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: The reconstituted water used for both the range-finding and definitive tests was the same as that used to maintain the stock animals.

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod:16 hours light and 8 hours darkness with 20 minute dawn and dusk transition periods.
-no feeding

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable): immobilization at 24 and 48 hours; the criterion of effect used was that Daphnia were considered to be immobilised if they were unable to swim for approximately 15 seconds after gentle agitation.
Reference substance (positive control):
yes
Remarks:
potassium dichromate
Duration:
48 h
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
> 150 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
mobility
Duration:
48 h
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
150 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
mobility
Results with reference substance (positive control):
The 48-hour EC50 for the reference material to Daphnia magna based on nominal concentrations was 0.70 mg/L with 95% confidence limits of 0.62 - 0.80 mg/L. The No Observed Effect Concentration was 0.32 mg/L.
Reported statistics and error estimates:
The slope and standard error of the response curve at 48 hours was 11 (SE = 2.3). Due to the unsuitable nature of the data it was not possible to calculate the slope and error of the response curve at 24 hours.
Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
Remarks:
The results from the positive control with potassium dichromate were within the normal range for this reference material.
Conclusions:
There was no immobilisation in 20 daphnids exposed to a range of test concentrations of 12.5, 25, 75 and 150 mg/L for a period of 48 hours. EC50 was determined to be >150 mg/L. The No Observed Effect Concentration after 24 and 48 hours of exposure was 150 mg/L.
Executive summary:

The form in the supply chain for 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzonitrile is in conjunction with laccase enzyme, adipic acid, and monosodium phosphate, a ready-to-use product in the textile industry for denim bleaching applications (Tradename: PrimaGreen EcoFade LT100). This composition is referred to here as RTU blend. In order to examine the toxicity to aquatic invertebrates of the ready-to-use commercial product, this study was conducted per OECD Guideline 202.

Twenty daphnids (2 replicates of 10 animals) were exposed to an aqueous solution of the test material at concentrations of 12.5, 25, 75, and 150 mg/L for 48 hours at a temperature of 21°C to 22°C under static test conditions. The number of immobilised Daphnia were recorded after 24 and 48 hours.

The 48-Hour EC50 for the test material to Daphnia magna based on nominal test concentrations was greater than 150 mg/L and correspondingly the No Observed Effect Concentration was 150 mg/L. Under GHS guidelines, this classifies the test material as "not acutely toxic to Daphnia magna".

Description of key information

Acute toxicity of 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzonitrile alone and a blend of 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzonitrile/laccase enzyme granules/adipic acid/monosodium phosphate (ready to use commercial product) were examined on Daphnia magna per OECD Guideline 202.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Additional information

The form in the supply chain for 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzonitrile is in conjunction with laccase enzyme, adipic acid, and monosodium phosphate, a ready-to-use product in the textile industry for denim bleaching applications (Tradename: PrimaGreen EcoFade LT100). This

composition is referred to here as RTU blend.

In order to examine the acute toxicity (48-hr) of the 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzonitrile (subject of this registration) as well as the ready-to-use commercial product, two separate studies were conducted in accordance with OECD Guideline 202.

4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzonitrile alone was found to have a No Observed Effect Concentration of 25 mg/L and a 48-hr EC50 of 37.73 mg/L. Under GHS guidelines, the substance is classified as Category Acute 3: “harmful to aquatic life.”

For the RTU blend, the NOEC was determined to be 150 mg/L and a 48-hr EC50 was determined to be greater than 150 mg/L. Under GHS guidelines, this classifies the product as “not acutely toxic to Daphnia magna.”

The RTU commercial blend is the only form of 4 -hydroxy-3,5 -dimethoxybenzonitrile that will be commercialized by Genencor International for use in textiles bleaching. Exposure of the 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzonitrile by itself to the aquatic environment is practically non-existent. After use, the mixture (from the RTU blend) is released into the environment through the sewage system and any impact to the environment would result from exposure to this discharged mixture and not to 4-hydroxy-3,5–dimethoxybenzonitrile by itself.

Using a weight-of-evidence approach, it can be concluded that any reaction products from 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzonitrile in the discharge water after textiles application will not pose a threat to the aquatic invertebrates.