Slags, sponge iron production by coal reduction in retort

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Toxicity to soil macroorganisms except arthropods:

Final Report GLP Study no. 09-08 Acute toxicity of M-kalk to Eisenia fetida:

ABS: Eisenia fetida OECD 207: 14 d-LC0 = 100 g/kg (highest concentration tested)

Ecotoxicite de certains coproduits siderurgiques:

ABS: ISO 11268-1, Eisenia fetida: 14 d-LC50 = 770 g/kg

Ecotoxicite de certains coproduits siderurgiques:

ABS: ISO 11268-1, Eisenia fetida: 14 d-LC50 = 560 g/kg

 

Toxicity to terrestrial plants:

Ecotoxicite de certains coproduits siderurgiques:

ABS: ISO 11269-2 and NF X 31201, Hordeum vulgare (barley) : 7 d-NOEC = 510 g/kg (germination), 14 d-NOEC = 640 g/kg (growth). Lactuca sativa (lettuce): 7 d-NOEC = 410 g/kg (germination), 14 d-NOEC = 410 g/kg (growth)

Ecotoxicite de certains coproduits siderurgiques:

ABS: ISO 11269-2 and NF X 31201, Hordeum vulgare (barley) : 7 d-NOEC = 410 g/kg (germination), 14 d-NOEC = 410 g/kg (growth). Lactuca sativa (lettuce): 7 d-NOEC 120 g/kg (germination), 14 d-NOEC 120 g/kg (growth)

Zur Vegetation von Hochofenschlackenhalden:

Slags as a growth substrate for plants do not induce the selection of a metalophytic vegetation

Study on the toxicity towards terrestrial plants of slags, ferrous metal, blast furnace (air cooled – ABS) according to OECD Guideline 208 adopted 19-July-2006:

ABS: OECD 2TG 208, wheat (Triticum aestivum), mustard (Sinapis alba), and cress (Lepidium sativum) growth, survival, emergence, all 21d-EC10 > 10000 mg/kg soil dw.

Einfluss von Strassenbaustoffen aus Eisenhuetttenschlacken auf den Vitalitaetszustand von Strassenbaeumen:

Slags do not inhibit tree growth near roads

The use of BF, converter and ladle slags in European agriculture - benefits or risk:

Agricultural yield is increased by application of ABS/GBS, BOS, and SMS (ladle slags) as fertilizers. These slags were more effective than limestone or burnt lime. There was no relevant accumulation of trace elements neither in soil nor in plant matter.

Umweltverhalten von Eisenhuettenschlacken in der Praxis:

There is no evidence that slags diminish the vigour of road side trees

ABS: Hordeum vulgare (barley)  ISO 11269-2 and NF X 31201: 14 d-NOEC 510 g/kg (germination), 640 g/kg (growth). Lactuca sativa (lettuce): 410 g/kg (both germination and growth)

Slags are effiecient fertilizers for plants

The chronic NOEC is estimated to be 100 g/kg soil for weathered slags.

 

Toxicity to soil microorganisms:

Investigation on Side-Effects of Slag, Ferrous Metal, Blast Furnace (air-cooled – ABS)  on Soil Microflora according to C.21 (Soil Microorganisms: Nitrogen Transformation Test) and according C.22 (Soil Microorganisms: Carbon Transformation Test):

Slags, ferrous metal, blast furnace (air-cooled – ABS) had no relevant on the activity of the soil microflora even in the highest concentration tested (10 g/kg) for 28 d. The activity of the soil microflora was negatively influenced temporarily (only respiration rates at time t0) by the test item but was slightly higher after 28 days. Concerning the nitrogen metabolism the test item served as a fertilizer.

Verhalten von Chrom aus kieselsauren Kalken in Boeden und Aufnahme durch Pflanzen:

Fertilization with slags improves the yield of agricultural crops. Although the Cr levels in the soil may increase due to application of slags, the ferrous slags ABS (slags, ferrous metal, blast furnace, air-cooled) did not affect the microbial respiration and the cellulose degradation potential of soils.

Ferrous slags are not inhibitory to key metabolic activities of soil microorganisms.

 

 

Toxicity to birds:

Untersuchungen zum Einfluss der Stein-Schuettungen und des Schiffsverkehrs im Nord-Ostsee-Kanal auf die Laich-Biologie des Herings, Clupea harengus:

There is no indication of any hazard of slag to birds, and it has been shown that slags do not exhibit any relevant effect on aquatic or terrestrial organisms. Consequently, no measurements have been done with birds. In a field study with slags on herring, it was observed coincidently that gulls feed indicriminately on eggs, larvae and adult herrings in control natural rock fields (basalt, granite, and diabase) as well as in slag fields.